第2板块 专题4 探究2 第1讲 并列句和三大从句（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

探究二　“无提示词类”解题攻略 第一讲　并列句和三大从句 对连词的考查主要涉及并列句和各种从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。 具体的解题步骤为： (1)首先，判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子，就确定用连词；否则就可能填介词或冠词； (2)其次，判断该空前后句子的逻辑关系，再确定用哪个连词。语法填空是基于语篇的考查，因此准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系至关重要； (3)最后，判断该空所填词在句子中所充当的句子成分，这样有利于准确确定连词或引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系词一般也被称为从属连词。 思维定向·先判定是否填连词 解题攻略 典例印证 [第一步]　分析句子结构，根据前后句的意思，确定是并列连词还是从属连词； [第二步]　根据关系词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个关系词。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)．..Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 　________　 see how Tang's play was being performed.” 第一步：分析句子结构可知，引号内的句子为“It”作形式主语，不定式“to hear the Chinese language 　________　 see how Tang's play was being performed”作真正的主语。 第二步：分析句子成分，空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang's play was being performed”为并列结构。 [自主解答]　and　 解题规则·根据4技法确定填何种连词 ►[技法一]　并列连词——关系分析法＋句型法 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 关系分析法 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 　________　 you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. 解析：or　[either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。] 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 　________　 to see the pandas settle into their new home. 解析：and　[“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系。故填and。] 3.(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work，　________　somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 解析：but/yet　[空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work，”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination”之间存在转折关系。故填but/yet。] 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but(also)．..等； (2)表示选择关系的连词有 or、 either ...or ...、neither ...nor...等； (3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、while、not ...but...等； (4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等； (5)表示让步关系的连词有 although、though和 while 等。 句型法 1.(2024·银川二模)Hardly had we arrived at the farm 　________　 we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. 解析：when　[此题考查 hardly...when...“刚……就……”句式。故填when。] 2.(2024·贵阳模拟)Please send us postcards 　________　 we will know where you have visited. 解析：and　[此题考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句式，故填and。] (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 (2)be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，那时…… be about to do sth. when ... 正要做某事，那时…… hardly ...when ...一……就…… ►[技法二]　定语从句——三方向思考关系词 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 关系 代词 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route　________　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia... 解析：which/that　[空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词引导从句，故填which或that。] 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu，　________　is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：who　[空处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词引导，故填who。] 3.(2024·1月浙江卷)Of course，shops are not charities— they price goods in the way 　________　 will make them the most money. 解析：that/which　[空处引导定语从句，定语从句缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词，故填that/which。] 4.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　______　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析：as　[空处引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词引导，故填as。] 1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词 that 或who。 2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词 that 或whom 或who，也可以不填。 3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that 或 which。 4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词 whose。 5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词 that。 6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词 as 或 which。as 译为“正如”； which 译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。 关系 副词 1.(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America 　________　all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings... 解析：where　[句中先行词为town，在限制性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词引导。故填where。] 2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 　____________　 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 解析：where　[分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a spot，且在从句中作地点状语。故填where。] 3.(2020·天津卷改编)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, 　__________　 he gave it to his grandson. 解析：when　[句意：史密斯先生持有这幅油画到20世纪90年代初，同年他把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语，故填when。] 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when, where 或 why。 [注意]　先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用关系词that或which。 介词 ＋关 系词 1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of 　________　 has been proved. 解析：which　[先行词为theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of the theories has been proved，由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。] 2.Many young people，most of 　________　were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 解析：whom　[先行词为young people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most of the young people were well­educated，由此可见先行词(指“人”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且介词已被提前，故填whom。] 3.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of　______________　 purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 解析：whose　[定语从句的先行词是the World Food Programme，与定语从句中的purposes是所属关系，即the World Food Programme's purposes，故填whose。] 1.“介词＋关系词”引导定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，则用which。如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在定语从句中作定语，则用whose。 2.介词根据以下原则来确定： (1)与先行词的搭配； (2)与从句谓语的搭配； (3)逻辑关系。 [温馨提示] that与which的区别 which与as 1.只用which不用that的情况： (1)当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 2.只用that不同which的情况： (1)当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时； (2)当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、the last等修饰时； (3)先行词既有人又有物时。 关系词 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样” ►[技法三]　名词性从句——三方向思考关系词 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句类型以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 从属 连词 that和 whether /if 1.(2029·全国Ⅰ卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 　________　 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 解析：that　[本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence的具体内容，空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。故填that。] 2.(2022·1月浙江卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 　______　 she could do so remotely; about three­quarters of the time, they agreed. 解析：whether/if　[ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整， “是否”符合语境。故填whether/if。] 分析句子结构，若待填的连接词不作任何成分也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，要考虑连接词 that；若表示“是否”的意思，要考虑连接词 whether；if 可以用于引导宾语从句。 连接 代词 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities，that's 　________　 they'll promote. 解析：what　[空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词，故填what。] 2.(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool，starry night in mid­September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 　________　 is now northwestern Wyoming. 解析：what　[结合句意，这里需要填入一个关系代词来引导宾语从句，表示“什么”，故填what。] 3.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)　________　is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 解析：What　[此句为主语从句，且该从句中缺少主语，设空处表示“事物”，故填What。] 分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词 what，who，whom， which, whose， whatever等。 连接 副词 1.(2023 ·新课标Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is 　______　 they need an English trainer. 解析：why　[空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少状语，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意。故填why。] 2.(2021·北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about　______　she lived. 解析：where　[分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。] 3.(全国Ⅱ卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 　________　 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析：how　[根据语境和空格后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故填how。] 分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where(表地点)，when(表时间)，how(表方式或程度)，why(表原因)等。 ►[技法四]　状语从句——句意法＋固定句式法 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 句意法 1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)　______　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 解析：When/As　[When/As在句中引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。故填When/As。] 2.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion 　________　 he wants their support. 解析：unless　[根据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。故填unless。] 3.(北京卷)　______________　birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes. 解析：Although/While/Though　[句意：尽管鸟类用它们的羽毛来飞行，可是它们的羽毛中的一些还有其他用处。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导让步状语从句。故填Although/While/Though。] (1) while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句； (2) before/after/once引导时间状语从句； (3)if/unless引导条件状语从句； (4)though/although/while引导让步状语从句； (5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句； (6) where/when引导地点/时间状语从句； (7)whatever/whenever/however/ whichever/wherever引导让步状语从句。 固定句式法 1.(2021·全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 　________　 the late 1980s.During that time，increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 解析：until　[根据句意和句中的not可知，not...until...“直到……才……”，为固定句式。故填until。] 2.I was running so fast 　____________　 I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside. 解析：that　[句意：我跑得如此快以至于我撞到树干上被弹回来，仰面朝天摔倒在地上。根据句意可知，空格处及后面的内容为结果状语从句。故填that。] (1)so/such ...that ...如此……以至于…… (2) not ...until ...直到……才…… (3)It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before ... 过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就…… (4)It is some time(一段时间)＋ since ...自从……以来已经多长时间了 (5)whether ...or (not) ...无论……还是…… 语境运用·全面提高关键能力 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 There was a time 1.　______　 I was tired of learning English 2.　________　 disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 3.　________　my father forced me to take a 30­day training course in an English club 4.　_______　 I went to senior high school.5.　________　I first came to the club, I met many strangers.I missed my parents very much.6.　_________　I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, 7.　_______　teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 8.　________　I gained some useful instructions.9.　________　 he also did was to introduce a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 10.　________　we did.Gradually I adapted to the life there. 答案：1.when　2.and　3.why　4.before　5.When　6.So　7.whose　8.whom　9.What　10.that/which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$