第2板块 专题4 探究1 第2讲 词形转换（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

第二讲　词形转换　 词形转换是高考语法填空题的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据设空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词或代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语或非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志及语境确定形容词或副词的比较等级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰词以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 思维定向·先判定是否考查词形转换 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换； 提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式 根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common 　________　 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词theme为名词，首先要考虑词形转换； 第二步：确定转换形式 本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。 [自主解答]　themes　 解题规则·再依据5技法确定何种词形转换 ►[技法一]　提示词为动词的词形转换 提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则需根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析。 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 动词转换为名词 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 　________　 (criticize) that they lead to waste. 解析：criticism　[根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。故填criticism。] 2.(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 　________　(complete ) of their journey. 解析：completion　[句意：在他们的旅程结束时，他们都同意并发誓要宣传这个想法。根据前后文可知，此处用名词，故填completion。] 3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the 　________　 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 解析：arrival　[空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，故填arrival。] 4.(2024·无锡高三二模)The Mogao Grottoes in northwest China are the greatest Buddhist caves, and the second oldest after the Qiuci Grottoes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still in　________　(exist) in the country today. 解析：existence　[本空前面是介词in，因此这里应用名词作其宾语，故填existence。] 5.(2024·河北邯郸高三三模)Zou also mentioned the　__________　(perform) of scientific experiments，like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals and solar energy. 解析：performance　[冠词修饰名词，作宾语， performance 意为“表现”时，为不可数名词。故填performance。] 6.(2024·武汉高三二模)In 2019，the Chinese government had made a　________　(commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020. 解析：commitment　[分析句子结构可知，设空处为名词形式，不定冠词a表明用单数，故填commitment。] 7.(2024·湖南省名校联盟高三压轴卷)“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers' pride in their local identity, as well as creating a local economic network，” says Xu Tiantian，　________　(found) of DNA. 解析：founder　[此处表示“DNA”的“创立者”，应用名词，故填founder。] (1)v.＋­ion/­tion/­ation/­sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration庆祝 compete→competition比赛 pollute→pollution污染 prepare→preparation准备 possess→possession拥有 (2)v.＋­ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” develop→development发展 announce→announcement宣布 (3)v.＋r/­er/­or转换为名词，表示“人” settle→settler 移民 perform→performer 表演者 educate→educator 教育家 direct→director导演 visit→visitor 访问者 (4)v.＋­ure转换为名词 fail→failure mix→mixture press→pressure (5)后缀­th 结尾的名词 grow→growth die→death deep→depth wide→width warm→warmth (6)后缀­ance/­ence结尾的名词 exist→existence guide→guidance (7)后缀­al结尾的名词 arrive→arrival approve→approval 动词转换为形容词 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 　________　 (close) to protect the plants. 解析：closed　[空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词，表示“紧闭的”，故填closed。] 2.(2023·全国乙卷)The 　________　 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：remarkable　[分析句子成分可知，空处在冠词the之后名词之前，应用形容词，故填remarkable。] 3.(2024·宝鸡高三二模)Yang Zhenning，a 　________　(respect) Nobel Prize­winning physicist，became the first Chinese­American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971. 解析：respected/respectable　[根据语境可知，设空处作定语修饰名词词组Nobel Prize­winning physicist，应用形容词作定语，故填respected/respectable。] (1)v.＋­able 转换为形容词 accept→acceptable可接受的，能适应的，可调节的 afford→affordable负担得起的 (2)v.＋­ed/­ing转换为形容词 confuse→confused感到困惑的 excite→exciting令人激动的 (3)v.＋­ive转换为形容词 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 (4)v.＋­ful/­less转换为形容词 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 hope→hopeless没希望的 ►[技法二]　提示词为名词的词形转换 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 名词的单复数 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 　________　(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 解析：favourites　[favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式，故填favourites。] 2.(2024·全国甲卷)They are 　________　(treasure) of American heritage(遗产)． 解析：treasures　[句意：它们是美国遗产的瑰宝。结合句意和上下文，这里指的是国家公园作为美国遗产的一部分，应使用名词的复数形式，故填treasures。] 3.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life，with 21st­century architectural 　________　 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 解析：wonders　[分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。] 若提示词为名词，有以下情况时要考虑用名词的复数： (1)有数词或these、those、several、 few、many、all、both、 various、 different 等词修饰时，用名词的复数形式； (2)名词前有one of 时，用名词的复数形式； (3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则设空处应用名词的复数形式。 名词转换为形容词 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 　________　 (function) structure that is also beautiful. 解析：functional　[空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语，故填functional。] 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 　________　 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 解析：tasty　[该处需要形容词修饰后面的名词soup，故空格需用形容词作定语，故填tasty。] 3.(2023·全国甲卷)　________　(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 解析：Different　[be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。] 4.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 　________　(meaning)． 解析：meaningful　[此处是make复合结构，应用形容词作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。] 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀： (1)n.＋­able honor→honorable 可敬的 (2)n.＋­al nature→natural 自然的；天生的 music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的 (3)n.＋­ful colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的 meaning→meaningful有意义的 (4)n.＋­en wood→wooden木质的 (5)n.＋­y wealth→wealthy 富有的 名词的所有格 1.(2021·1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 　________　(person) weight in kg by their height in metres squared, and a BIM of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 解析：person's　[空前是冠词a, 空后是名词weight, 此处表示“一个人的体重”， 故用所给词的所有格形式，故填person's。 ] 2.(2021·八省联考)A 　________　(student) college experience is his or her own，and the student must put his or her education first. 解析：student's　[此处student与后文college experience构成所属关系，结合后文“his or her own”可知指一个学生的大学经历，应用名词所有格形式。故填student's。] 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。 (1)单数名词和不以­s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's； (2)以­s 或­es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 [温馨提示]　名词变复数的规则和不规则变换 变化规则 典型例词 规则变化 一般在词尾加­s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x等结尾的单词，则加­es trees，bikes，books，buses，watches，boxes，bushes 辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加­es；元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加­s babies，families，boys，plays 以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)、两菜(tomato，potato)加­es外，其余一般加­s radios，photos 以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f，fe变为v再加­es wives，knives，wolves 不规则变化 特殊变化 man→men，woman→women；tooth→teeth， foot→feet；child→children；mouse→mice 单复数同形 Chinese，Japanese，people，sheep，deer，fish [注意] 1．除了上表中的情况以外，还有一些特殊变化的名词。如： German→Germans　human→humans　stomach→stomachs　chief→chiefs　belief→ beliefs 2．两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词，如apple trees，factory workers；但是和man，woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers，men doctors ►[技法三]　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 形容 词、副 词的 词形 转换 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)．..brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the　________　(rich) of gardening in England. 解析：richness　[空处应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语，故填richness。] 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 　________　(visible)，said Edmondson, ... 解析：visibility　[形容词international后接名词形式，故填visibility。] 3.(2023·1月浙江卷)During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social classes.The term “hutong”，　________　 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 解析：originally　[空格处修饰动词meaning，需要填副词形式，故填originally。] (1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词； (2)若设空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词形式； (3)若设空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式； (4)若设空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词作宾语。 形容 词、副 词转 换为 比较 级、最 高级 1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 　________　(large) United States national park－2.2 million acres－until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska，which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：largest　[黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。根据句意，这里需要表示最高级，应用形容词的最高级形式，故填largest。] 2.(2023·1月浙江卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 　________　 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 解析：simpler　[根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语，故填simpler。] 3.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 　________　(high) mountain. 解析：highest　[根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级，故填highest。] 4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the 　________　 (hot) the spring！ 解析：hotter　[此处句型结构为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，越……”。故此处应填hot的比较级形式。故填hotter。] 5.(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what 　______　(good) than to ride on a piece of history！ 解析：better　[根据后文比较连(介)词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。] (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①句子中有much、far、still、 even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、 a great deal、than等标志性词汇时用比较级； ②空格后有表示范围的标志词 in、of、among 等时用最高级； ③空格前有 one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 [温馨提示] 附表1　形容词变副词的规则 变化规则 典型例词 一般形容词变副词直接在其后加­ly quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously 以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加­ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加­ly immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly 以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加­y possible→possibly，probable→probably 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加­ly happy→happily，healthy→healthily 以­ic结尾的形容词要在其后加­ally economic→economically，basic→basically 以­ll结尾的形容词要在其后加­y full→fully，dull→dully [注意]　以下单词是特殊的形式：whole－wholly　public－publicly　shy－shyly 附表2　形容词、副词变比较级或最高级的规则 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词，末尾加­er，­est tall great taller greater tallest greatest 以不发音的­e结尾的单音节词和少数以­le结尾的双音节词只加­r，­st nice simple nicer simpler nicest simplest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加­er，­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest “以辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加­er，­est easy busy easier busier easiest busiest 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加­er，­est clever narrow cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important easily more importan more easily most importan most easily ►[技法四]　提示词为代词的词形转换 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 代词的词形转换 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)Who knows，perhaps some of the more forward­looking 　________　 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 解析：ones　[代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。] 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 　________　 (they) contents. 解析：their　[修饰后面的名词contents需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。] 3.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 　________　 (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 解析：themselves　[根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故填themselves。] 1.分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式； 2.分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； 3.分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词； 4.分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。 5.用it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6.that、those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 ►[技法五]　提示词为数词的词形转换 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 基数词变序数词 1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well­known Aesop's fables date to the 　________　(six) century B．C. 解析：sixth　[century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。] 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The plum trees are the 　________　 (one) to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 解析：first　[句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里one要变成序数词first。故填first。] 基数词变序数词的规则： (1)一般由基数词加­th构成： six→sixth　seven→seventh　 ten→tenth　hundred→hundredth　 (2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加­th： twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth (3)不规则变化： one→first　two→second three→third　five→fifth eight→eighth　nine→ninth twelve→twelfth 年龄、年代表达法 1.(2024·杭州高三二模)There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late 　________　(eighty)． 解析：eighties　[in one's late eighties表示“在某人快九十岁时”，故填eighties。] 2.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the 　________　(twenty)century，which greatly changed the world situation. 解析：twentieth　[这里表示“20世纪”，也就是“第20个世纪”，应用序数词，故填twentieth。] 3.Back in the 　________　 (ninety)，he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season. 解析：nineties　[in the nineties意为“在九十年代”，故填nineties。] (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整＋基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时； (2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整＋基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。 语境运用·全面提高关键能力 用所给词的正确形式填空 My schnauzer, Hashtag, saved my life—not once, but twice. When he came into our home in the summer of 2017，my husband and I had been expecting his arrival for 1.　________　 (month)．At that time，I was also struggling with 2.　________　(depress).3.　________　(sudden) I had a bundle of energy that required my attention.The puppy needed training, walks, affection.I had 4.　________　(previous) been overwhelmed(充溢)by negative thoughts, but now I had a job to do a sense of purpose.I couldn't give up.Once I realized that I began to feel 5.　________　 (good) than before.6.　________　(final) with my puppy's help, I got over my depression 18 months later.There's no question that Hashtag played a key role in my 7.　________　(recover)．Then, last December, I was fast asleep on the 8.　________　 (two)floor of our house when a fire started in our living room downstairs and smoke began to fill the air.Within moments, we stood outside, and I called the fire department.The alarm system only went off 10 minutes later.There's no telling what would have happened if Hashtag's 9.　________　 (warn) hadn't given us a head start.I don't have the 10.　________　(word) to describe how much I care for him. 答案：1.months　2.depression　3.Suddenly　4.previously　5.better　6.Finally　7.recovery　8.second　9.warning　10.words 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$