第2板块 专题4 探究1 第1讲 第2节 依据句法功能 判定非谓语动词（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

第2节　依据句法功能　判定非谓语动词　 非谓语动词作宾语考查频次较高，解题的关键是掌握三种非谓语动词的基本用法。另外要注意非谓语动词的标志词和固定用法，如作介词宾语时常用动词­ing形式，要注意区分介词to和不定式符号to；作动词的宾语时考生要牢记相关固定用法。 思维定向·先判定是否作非谓语 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否为非谓语 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 (1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词­ing形式； (2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词的过去分词形式； (3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days 　________　 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 第一步：确定是否为非谓语 句中已有谓语动词 open，所给动词give 又不是作并列谓语动词，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 句意：温室的萼片在温暖的日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和通风。所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。 [自主解答]　to give　 解题规则·再依据句法功能，确定作何种非谓语 ►[技法一]　成分分析法——作主语和表语 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 作 主 语 1.(2022·1月浙江改编)　________　 (travel) to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 解析：Travelling　[分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语has been viewed，故空处应该为非谓语，分析句子成分可知，空处作主语，且表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用动词­ing形式，置于句首，首字母应大写，故填Travelling。] 2.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible 　________　(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 解析：to walk　[此处是固定句型“It is＋形容词＋(for sb.) to do sth.”，it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，故填to walk。] (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词­ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。 (2)掌握用动词­ing形式/动词不定式作主语的句型：It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb.)＋to do sth. It is no use/good doing sth. It takes sb.some time to do sth. It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. 作 表 语 1.(全国Ⅱ卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 　________　(disappoint)． 解析：disappointed　[looked为系动词，后接形容词作表语，参照anxious也可知应用其形容词形式。some of them是人，修饰人用动词­ed结尾的形容词，故填disappointed。] 2.(2024·厦门质量检测二)So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became 　________　(qualify)． 解析：qualified　[考查非谓语动词。系动词became后接过去分词作表语，这里相当于一个形容词，意为“符合资格的”，故填qualified。] 非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词­ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式。 (1)动词­ing形式作表语，修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”； (2)过去分词作表语，修饰人，意为“本身感到……的”； (3)动词不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。 ►[技法二]　固定搭配法——作宾语 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 只跟 动词 ­ing 形式 作宾 语的 动词 和动 词短 语 　 1.(全国Ⅲ卷)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 　________　 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. 解析：looking　[avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。故填looking。] 2.(全国Ⅱ卷)This included digging up the road，　________　 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 解析：laying　[设空处作include的宾语，应用动名词形式。laying和句中的digging up, building并列，故填laying。] 3.(2024·广东湛江市高三二模)To craft a fascinating anecdote, experts recommend 　________　(use) real feedback to highlight your contribution. 解析：using　[分析可知，此处recommend doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“建议做某事”，故填using。] 4.(2024·永州联考)If you are struggling to stay motivated, consider 　________　(give) yourself rewards for each goal you achieve. 解析：giving　[句意：如果你正在努力保持积极，可以考虑每完成一个目标给予自己奖励。consider意为“考虑”，后跟动词­ing形式作宾语，故填giving。] 喜欢考虑不避免 (enjoy, consider，escape，avoid) 不禁放弃太冒险 (cannot help, give up，risk) 感激承认很值得 (appreciate，admit, be worth) 介意想象莫推延 (mind，imagine，delay, put off) 允许完成是期望 (allow, permit, finish, look forward to) 建议继续勤操练 (suggest, go on, practise) 致力原谅要坚持 (be devoted to, excuse, insist on) 继续成功不错过 (keep on, succeed in, miss) 只跟 动词 不定 式作 宾语 的动 词 1.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 　________　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 解析：to catch　[tend to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“倾向于做某事”。因此，此处应填入动词不定式形式作宾语，故填to catch。] 2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one, you have to decide whether 　________　(bite) a small hole in it first ... 解析：to bite　[decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语，故填to bite。] 3.(2021·全国乙卷)Komodo National Park，officially recognized in 1980，is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)and accommodations aim 　________　 (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 解析：to have　[aim后常接动词不定式作宾语，aim to do sth.意思是“旨在做某事”，故填to have。] 三个希望两答应 (hope，wish，expect，agree，promise) 两个要求莫拒绝 (demand，ask，refuse) 设法学会作决定 (manage，learn, decide/determine) 不要假装在选择 (pretend，choose/select) 打算提出一计划 (intend，offer, plan) 申请失败负担起 (apply，fail, afford) 准备愿望又碰巧 (prepare，desire，happen) 作介 词的 宾语 用动 词­ing 形式 1.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years 　________　 (record) everything I discovered. 解析：recording　[spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词充当宾语，用动词­ing形式。故填recording。] 2.(2021·全国甲卷)After 　________　 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！ 解析：spending　[空前的After 为介词，后应接动词­ing形式，故填spending。] (1)介词后跟动词­ing形式作宾语；(2)but/except后跟动词不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do时，动词不定式就要省略to。 ►[技法三]　关系分析法——作定语 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 动词不定式作定语 1.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an，as a first step 　________　 (journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot. 解析：to journey　[分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。] 2.(2020·天津卷)Vinnie confirmed her ability 　________　(make) a full­length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before. 解析：to make　[抽象名词ability后常用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to make。] (1)表示还没有发生用to do； (2)看见first、second、last等序数词以及形容词最高级(＋名词)，用动词不定式作后置定语； (3)抽象名词ability、attempt等后常用动词不定式作后置定语。 分词作定语 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest 　________　(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 解析：engineering　[空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动词­ing形式，故填engineering。] 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, 　________　 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 解析：inspired　[非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six­meter­tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填inspired。] 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 　________　(intend) for everyone. 解析：intended　[be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用动词­ed 形式。故填intended。] (1)动词­ing 形式作定语： ①动词­ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行； ②若表示被动且正在发生的动作，用 being done结构； ③表示心理状态的动词­ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。 (2)动词过去分词作定语： ①动词过去分词作定语表示被动、完成； ②动词过去分词形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”。 ►[技法四]　逻辑分析法——作状语 思维定向 典例呈现 技法点津 动词不定式作状语 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　________　 (find) the connection between the two great writers. 解析：to find　[考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词充当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式，故填to find。] 2.(2024·1月浙江卷)However，if you're shopping for one，buying extra 　________　 (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 解析：to benefit　[根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。] 3.(2022·全国乙卷)　________　(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 解析：To strengthen　[根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。] (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语； (2)only to do sth.为动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果； (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接动词不定式作状语。常见词有 happy、 lucky、 anxious、 proud、disappointed、surprised、 delighted、 foolish、pleased、 fortunate 等； (4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(adj.)＋ to do”句式，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 分词作状语 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)　________　 (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, ... 解析：Recalling　[非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用动词 ­ing形式充当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写，故填Recalling。] 2.(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，　________　 (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables. 解析：borrowing　[句中已有谓语动词begins，所给动词borrow无连词，故使用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用动词­ing形式作状语。故填borrowing。] 3.(2024·合肥高三二模)　________　(give)the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. 解析：Given　[此处为非谓语动词担当状语，主语“these teenage soccer players”和动词“give”之间为被动关系，用动词过去分词形式充当状语，位于句首，故填Given。] (1)动词­ing形式作状语： ①句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，用动词­ing形式； ②表伴随、时间或条件等要用动词­ing形式； ③自然而然的结果用动词­ing形式。 (2)过去分词作状语： 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。 ►[技法五]　句型格式法——作宾语补足语 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　________　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 解析：to be lifted　[根据搭配allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式；所给动词lift与宾语them(指代小笼包)构成被动关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be done，故填to be lifted。] 2.(2020·浙江卷)Something significant is happening to the world population — it is aging.The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 — today it is 41 and is expected 　________　(increase) to 42 by 2050. 解析：to increase　[分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且空格处不作并列谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”是固定用法，动词不定式作主语补足语，故填to increase。] 常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 tell、order、 allow、permit，enable、 persuade、force、warn、encourage、ask、 invite、expect 等。 have 的固 定用 法 1.As humans，we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something, and we're happy to have our existing opinions 　________　(confirm)． 解析：confirmed　[分析句子结构可知，设空处作宾语补足语。此处为have sth. done结构，opinions与 confirm 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填confirmed。] 2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 　________　(take)． 解析：taken　[本题考查have sth.done结构，意为“让……被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。故填 taken。] have sb./sth. doing sth.允许/容忍某人做某事；让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth. done让某物被做； 使某事完成(主语参与) have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 分词作宾语补足语 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 　________　(want) more next time. 解析：wanting　[分析句子成分可知，空处考查“leave sb.＋宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，应用动词­ing形式，故填wanting。] 2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times 　________　 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 解析：decorated　[句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填decorated。] (1)动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行； (2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成； (3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有 have、make、get、leave、find、see、 notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like 等。 with 复合结构 1.(2024·山东青岛高三一模)Despite being two goals behind in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals 　________　(score) in just five minutes. 解析：scored　[此处是with复合结构，名词two goals与动词 score之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。] 2.(2024·浙江高三调研)Known as the “Airbnb for Gardens”， AllotMe has grown in popularity, with more than 100 hosts 　________　(list) underused space to grow fruit and vegetables across the UK. 解析：listing　[with后的成分是独立的复合结构，充当状语，其中动词应用非谓语形式；hosts与list是主动关系，应用动词­ing形式表主动，故填listing。] (1)with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生； (2)with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行； (3)with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已经完成。 语境运用·全面提高关键能力 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1．　________　 (stand) at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 2.　________　(dress) in blue jeans.She went in and asked 3.　________　(see) a dress that was in the window.The assistant 4.　________　(serve) her did not like the way she was dressed and told her the dress was sold in advance.The woman walked out of the shop angrily.5.　________　(decide) to punish the assistant，the woman returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat，with a handbag in her hand.6.　_________　(find)the rude assistant，she asked for the same dress.Not realizing who she was，he was eager 7.　________　(serve) her this time.With great difficulty，he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.Seeing this，the woman said that she didn't like it.She enjoyed herself by 8.　________　(make) the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had at first asked for.She was very 9.　________　(please) with what she had done.10.　________　(take) the dress，she left the shop. 答案：1.Standing　2.dressed　3.to see　4.serving　5.Deciding　6.Finding　7.to serve　8.making　9.pleased　10.Taking 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$