第2板块 专题4 探究1 第1讲 第1节 根据句子成分判定作谓语（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

探究一　“有提示词类”解题攻略 第一讲　提示词为动词 动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词­ing形式和过去分词)和词形转换。 第1节　根据句子成分判定作谓语　 谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，掌握谓语动词的用法也是考生英语学习中的薄弱环节。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。近年来高考越来越倾向于通过增加句子的复杂程度来考查考生对谓语动词的掌握情况，因此备考时谓语仍是重中之重。 思维定向·先判定是否作谓语 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否使用谓语动词 首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)； (2)看“主语”定语态(看主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)； (3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 　________　 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 第一步：确定填谓语动词。空处所在的句中除了括号内所给的词外，没有谓语动词。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“a six­meter­tall pavilion”为单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系。 [自主解答]　was built 解题规则·再利用“三看、两记牢”确定作何种谓语 ►[一看]　确定时态的4依据 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 时 间 状 语 标 志 词 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets 　________　 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份)． 解析：have started　[根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。] 2.(2023·北京卷)Up to now, China 　________　(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 解析：has established　[设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语Up to now 可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。] 3.(2020·7月浙江卷)By about 6,000 BC，people 　________　 (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 解析：had discovered　[本句中时间标志词By about 6,000 BC为“by＋过去时间点”结构，意为“到……为止”，句子应该用过去完成时，故填 had discovered。] 4.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang'e­4 probe(探测器)－the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—　________　(touch) down last week in the South Pole­Aitken basin. 解析：touched　[句子主语是The unmanned Chang'e­4 probe，谓语动词是touch。根据时间状语last week可知，应用一般过去时，故填touched。] (1)一般现在时：always、often、sometimes、 usually、occasionally、every time、now and then 等； (2)一般过去时：yesterday、last year、in 2021、the other day, two days ago、“一段时间＋later”等； (3)一般将来时：tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon等； (4)现在进行时：now、at this moment、at present、always、constantly 等； (5)现在完成时：recently、lately、already、 in the last/past few days、so far、up to now、till now、“for＋时间段”等； (6)过去完成时：by then、by the end of ...、by that time 等。 并 列 关 系 1.(2021·6月浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861，they rented the house and 　________　 (sell)most of their furniture. 解析：sold　[空处与rented并列作谓语，故用一般过去时，故填sold。] 2.(江苏卷)There, he not only did well as a student but also 　________　(become) an accomplished public speaker. 解析：became　[分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，not only后用了一般过去时(did), but also后也应该使用一般过去时。故填became。] (1)并列连词：and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。 主 从 时 态 呼 应 1.(浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades 　________　(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析：improved　[分析句子结构可知，此处that引导宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据主句谓语动词found和时间状语从句中的introduced可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填improved。] 2.(全国Ⅰ卷)While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it 　________　(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming. 解析：is　[says后跟的是宾语从句，主句谓语动词为一般现在时，从句也是叙述现在的情况，故空格处应用一般现在时，故填is。] 在宾语从句中，主句如果用一般现在时，从句根据需要用适当的时态；主句如果用一般过去时，从句应该用过去时的适当形式；但陈述客观事实、真理或严格按时间表进行的，从句用一般现在时。 语 境 暗 示 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)．..In cold weather, the structure stays closed to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　________　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 解析：walks　[walk sb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文stays可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。] 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，则通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题。 ►[二看]　确定语态的2策略 思维 定向 典例呈现 技法点津 依 据 逻 辑 关 系 1.(2024·1月浙江卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes 　________　 (offer) in smaller packs. 解析：be offered　[动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。] 2.(2022·1月浙江卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—　________　(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 解析：is viewed/has been viewed　[描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时；此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，故也可使用现在完成时；动词­ing形式作主语，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数；主语与谓语之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed/has been viewed。] 3.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It 　________　(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． 解析：was built　[分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语，动词build和主语It之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据句意和时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知，应用一般过去时，且主语It为第三人称单数，故填was built。] 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下四点： 1.分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 若与主语之间是主动关系， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 2.被动语态的基本形式为：be＋动词­ed形式， 情态动词＋be＋动词­ed形式。 3.做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 4.主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。 主 动 表 被 动 1.(2024·山东淄博市高三一模)The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online 　________　(wash)easily. 解析：washes　[分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes.] 2.(2024·四川遂宁市高三诊断二)Great changes　________　(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 解析：have taken　[take place没有被动语态，Great changes为复数，由in the past ten years确定应该用现在完成时，故填have taken。] 提示词作谓语， 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时， 应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。 1.系动词look，sound，feel，smell, taste, appear, seem, remain，prove等没有被动语态。 2.read，write，sell，wash，dry等词用来表示主语的某种属性特征时，没有被动语态。 3.belong to, date back to，date from，consist of等没有被动语态。 [温馨提示]　不同时态的被动语态的构成 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 am/is/are done was/were done shall/will be done should/would be done 进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — — 完成 have/has been done had been done shall/will have been done should/would have been done 含有情 态动词 情态动词＋be＋done ►[三看]　主谓一致的3原则 思维 典例呈现 技法点津 定向 就 近 一 致 1.(2024·广东省高三联考)On that day, there　________　 (be) lots of conventional celebration activities and a concert in the open air. 解析：are　[there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近一致”原则，即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，应用复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。] 2.(2024·宁波市高三适应性测试)At present neither my wife nor I myself　________　 (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 解析：am　[根据句中的时间状语At present可知，应用一般现在时；neither ...nor ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定，故填 am。] (1) 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。 (2) 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 就 远 一 致 1.(2024·河南信阳二检)Four classical plays，including The Peony Pavilion，　________　(update) and restored in the past few years. 解析：have been updated　[根据时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时；分析句子结构可知，句子主语Four classical plays为复数名词，且和update之间为被动关系，故填have been updated。] 2.(2024·太原市高三二模)The musician along with his band members 　________　(give) ten performances in the last three months. 解析：has given　[根据in the last three months可知，应用现在完成时；A along with B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A决定，故填has given。] 主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 语 法 一 致 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about 　________　 (be)also Shakespeare's concerns. 解析：were　[空处为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Some of the things”为复数，故填were。] 2.(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool，starry night in mid­September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.They　________　(be) part of a 15­member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 解析：were　[他们是15人探险队的一部分，这里描述的是过去的情况，主语是they，谓语动词用复数形式，故填were。] (1)由连词and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数形式； (2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； (3)集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ►[记牢一]　“固定句型”确定时态 典例呈现 技法点津 1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry 　________　(fix) his car when he heard the screams. 解析：was fixing　[此处考查固定句式 be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处用过去进行时。主语为Henry，第三人称单数。故填 was fixing。] 2.(2024·长沙模拟)This was the first time I 　________　 (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again. 解析：had experienced　[考查动词的时态。此题为固定句式“This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”。因此，从句用过去完成时，故填had experienced。] 3.(2024·云南曲靖一中高三质检)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you 　________　(feel) better.” 解析：will feel　[此题为固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时，故填will feel。] (1) Sb. was/were doing sth. when sb. did...； (2) Sb. had (just) done sth. when sb. did ...； (3) This/That/It is the＋序数词＋time＋ that＋现在完成时； (4) This/That/It was the＋序数词＋time＋ that＋过去完成时； (5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时； (6)It's(high) time that sb. did/should do sth.； (7)It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时。 ►[记牢二]　易错动词的变化形式 典例呈现 技法点津 1.(2024·福建三明质量检测)“When the community worker told me the new method, I was really happy and immediately 　________　(submit) my application，” he said. 解析：submitted　[分析句子结构可知，设空处和 was really happy并列作谓语，表示过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填submitted。] 2.(2024·临沂市高三二模)The anti­cancer kitchen, near a cancer hospital in Nanchang，　________　(set) by a couple Wan Zuocheng and Xiong Gengxiang 18 years ago. 解析：was set　[该句为简单句，设空处作谓语；根据时间状语18 years ago可知，应用一般过去时；主语与set之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 was set。] 3.(2024·石家庄市高三调研)They've discovered dancing can encourage exercise and can also 　________　(deep) ties between the two generations. 解析：deepen　[设空处在情态动词后，应用动词原形；根据句意可知，应用 deepen 表示“加深，深化”。故填 deepen。] 1.牢记过去式和过去分词需双写尾字母再加­ed的动词：admit、permit、 commit、stop、equip、drop、slip、ban、 plan、hug、chat、spot、regret、rob等。 2.牢记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：seek → sought →sought; think → thought → thought; choose→chose → chosen; fall→fell→fallen 等。 3.由形容词或名词＋­en转化而来的动词：broaden; harden; soften; darken；deepen; lengthen; ripen; shorten；strengthen; widen; frighten; brighten; sharpen; weaken 等。 [温馨提示]　注意积累不规则动词的变化形式 语境运用·全面提高关键能力 用所给动词的正确形式填空 I used to think there 1.　________　 (be) few tasks more difficult than picking out birthday presents for my friends.Since my husband and I don't have much extra money, expensive gifts are out, and the household(家庭的)goods on sale at K­Mart 2.　________　 (be)not the kinds of presents they'd enjoy getting.But birthday shopping 3.　________　(become) simpler since I found that everybody really 4.　________　(like)toys.Up to now，my favorites of the whole toy collection 5.　________　(be)the rubber stamp sets.One of them 6.　________　(contain)funny pictures of parts of faces：eyes, ears，noses and so on.With it, anyone 7.　________　(become)a cartoonist，creating silly faces to decorate all kinds of things.Once a friend 8.　________　(send)flying saucers that fly into the air when you pull their strings.There 9.　________　 (be)now saucers all over the roof of her apartment building, and her neighbors have no idea where the saucers 10.　________　(come)from. 答案：1. were　2.are　3.has become　4.likes　5.have been　6.contains　7.becomes　8.was sent　9.are　10.came 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$