内容正文:
完形填空是一种综合性极强的题型,主要考查考生的综合理解能力和语言运用能力,要求考生具备扎实的词汇、语法知识,并且能够灵活运用语言知识、文化背景知识和生活常识,通过文章的行文逻辑理清语篇中的线索。由于完形填空各设空处间距较短,考生在做题时,容易因为文章信息不完整而无法准确把握文章脉络,导致出现理解障碍而失分。
[近三年高考考情分析]
年份
卷别
体裁
主题
考点分布
主题语境
主题语境内容
句内层
次题
句组层
次题
语篇层
次题
词性考查
2024
新课标
Ⅰ卷,
记叙文
人与自我
设定的目标要适合自己
5
9
1
动词(短语)8个;名词5个;形容词1个;副词1个
新课标
Ⅱ卷
记叙文
人与自我
在意大利定居的原因及感受
6
7
2
动词(短语)9个;名词5个;形容词1个
全国甲卷
夹叙夹议文
人与自我
奶奶的童年生活
8
8
4
动词(短语)7个;名词8个;形容词3个;副词(短语)2个
2023
新课标
Ⅰ卷
记叙文
人与社会
救助受伤对手
6
6
3
动词(短语)5个;名词8个;形容词2个
新课标
Ⅱ卷
记叙文
人与社会
宠物公益航班
6
5
4
动词(短语)7个;名词3个;形容词4个;副词1个
全国乙卷
记叙文
人与自我
黑人女性
夺冠经历
9
8
3
动词(短语)12个;名词3个;形容词3个;副词1个;短语1个
全国甲卷
夹叙夹议文
人与自我
不要以貌取“物”
7
10
3
动词(短语)8个;名词4个;形容词7个;介词1个
2022
新高考
Ⅰ卷
记叙文
人与自我
露营经历
8
4
3
动词(短语)5个;名词5个;形容词3个;副词1个;介词1个
新高考
Ⅱ卷
记叙文
人与社会
代人照看房子穷游世界
9
4
2
动词4个;名词7个;形容词3个;副词1个
全国乙卷
说明文
人与自我
与捉迷藏相关的儿童发展实验
9
7
4
动词(短语)7个;名词7个;形容词4个;副词2个
全国甲卷
记叙文
人与社会
宠物情缘
10
6
4
动词(短语)8个;名词7个;形容词3个;副词1个;介词短语1个
[近三年高考考情分析]
[典例呈现] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend __41__ a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running __42__ , but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was __43__ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4mile double marathon.Then,the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles.To be honest, I __44__ it! Between the girl making my __45__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __46__ I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I __47__ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I __48__ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day, I __49__ her bike and went for a ride.The __50__ :The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such __51__ .That day, I got __52__ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as __53__ .
I've __54__ a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever __55__ I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
41.A.knew B.held
C.won D.quit
42.A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
43.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
44.A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
45.A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
46.A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
47.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
48.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
49.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
50.A.problem B.secret
C.principle D.advice
51.A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
52.A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
53.A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
54.A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
55.A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
完形填空题不是一般的单项选择题,它要求考生不仅能掌握词语在特定语境中的使用,而且要能理解全文、照顾文章的前后逻辑关系。因此,考生可以从三个层次理解文本,从而得出正确答案。
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