第2板块 专题3 完形填空 探究1、2、3、4（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

探究一　5大方法速判句内层次题 　 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间从而轻松地作出正确的判断。 [典例呈现]　(2024·全国甲卷) One day, we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the　__41__　 to help my grandmother wash dishes. 41.A.sitting room B．kitchen C.yard D．dining hall　 [点拨]　结合下文的“ help my grandmother wash dishes”和常识可知，吃完晚饭后，作者在厨房帮助奶奶洗碗。 自主解答：　B 利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，把它作为线索，从而推断出未知空格的答案。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Whatever 　__54__　 life in Italy might have, the problems are 　55.forgotten　 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 54.A.disadvantages B．meanings C.surprises D．opportunities [点拨]　此处呼应空后的“the problems”，指的是人们在生活中遇到的困难。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。 自主解答：　A　 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等句子结构关系，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。 [典例呈现]　(2024·全国甲卷) I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to　__59__　to: her stories always make my history textbooks 　60.come_alive　. 59.A.attend　　　　　　　　　　 B．refer C.lead D．talk　 [点拨]　结合上下文可知，作者认为奶奶是一个很棒的谈话对象， talk to“与……交谈”。 自主解答：　D 利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Families 　__51__　 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 　52.come_up_with　...once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 51.A.gather　　　 B．cheer　　　 C．leave　　　 D．wait [点拨]　根据下文中的“a big meal with friends and family”可知，家人会在星期天、生日以及其他时刻聚在一起享用大餐。 自主解答：　A 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 　__49__　 quite like Italy. 49.A.ambition　　　　　　　　　B．success C.appetite D．growth [点拨]　根据空前的“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知，作者喜欢意大利的另一个原因是作者是一个美食爱好者，而意大利的美食能够满足作者的胃口。 自主解答：　C 探究二　 4种技巧智取句组层次题　 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。也就是说，根据本句信息不足以解题，还要根据空格前后找信息源。 利用语义复现解题 语义复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。 [典例呈现]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two­thirds of the way through her 　44.race　 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 　45.stopped　 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　46.aid　. She couldn't... ... ...She would have struggled with extreme 　__50__　to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. 50.A.hunger　　　　　　　　B．pain C.cold D．tiredness [点拨]　根据上文中的“began crying in pain”以及“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid.She couldn't”可知，Lenoue 因疼痛而哭泣，即便被 Bailey搀着也无法行走。所以，此处表示“要是没有 Bailey 的帮助，Lenoue 就得强忍剧痛(pain)走到那个医疗点”。pain是原词复现。 自主解答：　B 利用作者的情感态度解题 在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 [典例呈现]　(2024·全国甲卷) My childhood is quite 　55.happy　 compared with hers.I am 　__56__　 that I did not need to 　57.go_through　 the hardships like she did.I've never faced the problem of 　58.education　. 56.A.grateful　　　　　　　　B．surprised C.convinced D．regretful [点拨]　结合上下文可知，作者感激(grateful)自己没有经历过像奶奶那样的艰辛。 自主解答：　A 利用逻辑关系解题 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) But every time I tried to 　43.string　 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 　__44__　 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 　45.barrier　. 44.A.improved　　　　　　B．assessed C.admired D．praised [点拨]　根据空前的“the locals smiled at me”和下文中的“That encouragement”可知，意大利当地人会冲作者微笑并赞扬作者的语言技能。 自主解答：　D 利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 　__46__　 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　47.remind　 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. 46.A.open­minded　　　　B．strong­willed C.warm­hearted D．well­informed [点拨]　根据下文中的“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知，邻居们非常热心肠。 自主解答：　C　 探究三　2种思路解决语篇层次题 语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要立足全文，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。 利用首尾呼应关系解题 [典例呈现]　(2024·1月浙江卷) While taking a 20­hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 　41.encounter　 with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man 　42.approached　 me on the train.My 　43.new　 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 　44.chance　 to practice my Chinese. ... ...In the course of a couple of hours, he 　53.showed　 me just how much one can gain from 　__54__　 with an open mind, and a willingness to 　55.engage　 with locals from all walks of life. 54.A.traveling　　　　　　　　B．reading C.searching D．teaching [点拨]　根据第一段的第一句再结合后文的“with an open mind, and a willingness”，可知，作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以此处指带着开放的心态旅行。 自主解答：　A 利用文章发展脉络解题 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I've been motivated－and demotivated－by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 　41.won　 a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running 　42.regularly　， but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was 　43.training　 for a “super，” referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run－15 miles.To be honest, I 　44.hated　 it! Between the girl making my 　45.achievement　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 　46.reason　 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！ So I 　47.turned　 to cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 　48.dreamed　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day, I 　49.borrowed　 her bike and went for a ride.The 　50.problem　：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such 　51.challenges　.That day, I got 　52.passed　 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 　53.appealing　. I've 　54.matured　 a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever 　__55__　 I set for myself，they just have to be my own. 55.A.limits　　　　　　B．dates　　　　　　 C．goals　　　　　　 D．tests [点拨]　行文脉络：Paragraph 1：作者讲述了在生活中，他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。 Paragraph 2：作者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步，但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到跑步的无聊而放弃。 Paragraph 3：后来作者转而骑自行车，但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。 Paragraph 4：最终，作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。 自主解答：　C　 探究四　5则防微杜渐，智取拉分题目　 高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③文中人物的情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应提升思维品质和推理能力，本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后决断。 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选 　　语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理判断，从而作出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则：不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再作判定。 [典例呈现]　(2023·1月浙江卷) ...Here, in south­east Ethiopia, hand­carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 　__42__　.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult－and often 　43.dangerous　. I 　44.followed　 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 　45.gathered　 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 　46.lit　 the bunch to create a torch (火把)．Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began 　47.climbing　.He stopped every few minutes to move the 　48.rope　 higher up the tree trunk. 　49.Finally　， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground... 42.A.courtyards　　　　　B．fields C．treetops　　　　　 D．caves [点拨]　本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文中的“...Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处。由此可知，蜂箱应该在树顶。 自主解答：　C　 因不能正确区分形近词或近义词而错选 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。 [典例呈现]　(2024·北京卷) [点拨]　根据上文“Everyone looked energetic.I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning.(每个人都看起来精力充沛。我没想到那天早上我还会站在那里。)”和“But now that I was doing it，(但现在我还在这么做)”以及下文“What if I wasn't any good？(如果我身体不好呢？)”可推知，作者在排队的过程中应该是突然感到紧张。A.suddenly突然；B.continuously连续不断地；C.originally起初；D.generally通常。 自主解答：　A　 At 1：10, there was a 　3.line　 outside the drama room.Everyone looked energetic.I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning.But now that I was doing it, I 　__4__　 felt nervous.What if I wasn't any good? 4.A.suddenly　　　　　 B．continuously C.originally D．generally 因词汇理解障碍而错选 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) During my first visit to Italy, I 　__42__　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 　43.string　 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 　44.praised　 my language skills. 42.A.planned　　　 B．struggled C.refused D．happened [点拨]　根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”和下文中的“But every time I tried to string a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，应该是很难沟通交流。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”；struggle to do sth.“艰难地做某事，努力做某事”； refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。 自主解答：　B 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选 在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　47.remind　 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It's these small 　__48__　 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 48.A.tricks　　　 B．promises C.acts D．duties [点拨]　根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。act 除了有“名词： 法案；(戏剧等)一幕；表演。 动词：表现；扮演(角色)；充当”，还有“行动；善举”之意。 自主解答：　C　 因惯性思维而错选 在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如我们的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能让学生形成一些思维定式。这些思维定式往往导致我们作出错误的选择。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： 1．学习单词时受到的思维定式影响 学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用 succeed to do sth.表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。 2．学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。 [典例呈现]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) The flight was 　53.uneventful　，and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day，she 　__54__　with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 　55.thankful　 and sent me a nice e­mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 54.A.returned　　　　　　　　　B．fought C.flew D．agreed [点拨]　根据上文的“flight”以及下文Karen带着狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚，可知答案。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with 就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选。 自主解答：　C　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$