第1板块 专题2 探究1 依据设空位置定思考方向（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

探究一　依据设空位置定思考方向 句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从空格位置及所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技法。 微课一　段首设空题——段落主题&承上启下 若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词­ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。 根据一致， 确定段落标题句 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ●Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over­touristed destinations is to go somewhere else... ● 　__39__　 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A.Visit during off­peak times. C.Travel for you and no one else. G.Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [点拨]　空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过避开重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验。)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。 自主解答：　A　 ◆[技法图解] 把握形似，确定段落主题句 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 　__38__　 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 　 [点拨]　段落主题句。根据下文中的“It should give you a precise definition of each word...how the word is pronounced.”(它应该为你提供每个单词的精确定义，从而区分它与其他含义相似但不完全相同的单词。它通常还会显示单词是如何发音的。)可知，该段主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写，还有其他功能。 自主解答：　E ◆[技法图解] 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句 [典例呈现]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago，they eat great food and never gain weight.　38.The_food_is_so_delicious_that_you_don't_need_much_of_it_to_make_you_happy.　French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 　__39__　On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18！ D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. [点拨]　根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味；本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项(那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因)符合语境，且 E项中的That指代上文论述过的原因。 自主解答：　E　 ◆[技法图解] 微课二　段中设空题——“七种关系定答案”　 当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。设空在段中，一般要处理好“七种关系”。 根据总分关系确定答案 [典例呈现]　(2024·全国甲卷) Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.　__37__　It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. A.Eat properly throughout the day. B.We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C.Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. 　 [点拨]　根据本段的主旨句“Take your time”可知，本段主要围绕“不着急，慢慢来”展开，且空后讲到了“It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.” (你的大脑需要花费几分钟告诉你的身体它已经摄入了足够的食物，因此要慢点吃，在你感觉饱之前就停下来。)，C项“不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽”符合语境。 自主解答：　C ◆[技法图解] 根据解释关系确定答案 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿)．　__36__　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [点拨]　上文“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript.(如果你想出版图书，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。 自主解答：　F ◆[技法图解] 根据例证关系确定答案 [典例呈现]　(2024·1月浙江卷) In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.　__36__　 D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F.If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. [点拨]　由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.(在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分。)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题来进行例证。故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。 自主解答：　G　 ◆[技法图解] 根据转折关系确定答案 表示转折关系的连接词汇有：but、however/whereas、nevertheless(然而，不过)、though、yet、 in spite of、at any rate(无论如何)、in any case(无论如何，不管怎样)、on the contrary、by contrast(相反，相比之下)、by comparison(相比之下)、otherwise、not ...but等。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) In addition, I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.　__39__　 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. A.I don't often use this dictionary. B.It takes no account of the context. C.But I still don't want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. [点拨]　根据下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don't often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。 自主解答：　A　 ◆[技法图解] 根据因果关系确定答案 表示因果关系的连接词汇有：as a result/consequently、thus/therefore、 so、so (such) ...that ...等。 [典例呈现]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I keep two reference books close­by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.　__37__　 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old­fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. A.I don't often use this dictionary. B.It takes no account of the context. C.But I still don't want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. [点拨]　根据上文中的“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker”．(我不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。)可知，此处会讲到不信任的原因，选项B“它不考虑上下文”符合语境。 自主解答：　B ◆[技法图解] 根据递进关系确定答案 表示递进关系的连接词汇有：also、further、furthermore、similarly、moreover、in addition、 what's more、 too、either、neither、not only ...but also ...、the more ...the more ...等。 [典例呈现]　(2023·全国甲卷) ·Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic.　__37__　“Showing thankfulness can foster self­control，”said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California. D.All this adds up to a state of hurry. E.It can also help us practice more patience. F.This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable. [点拨]　本段第一句讲到了感恩有很多好处，本空前列举了一些好处“it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic”，因此设空处讲到的应该还是好处，故E项(它也可以帮助我们变得更耐心。)符合语境，且E项中的also与上句形成了递进关系。 自主解答：　E ◆[技法图解] 根据并列关系确定答案 [典例呈现]　(2024·浙江1月卷) In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.　36.A_survey_found_that_29_percent_of_college_students_registered_for_online_courses.　 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 　__37__　 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses. D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F.If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ [点拨]　由上文“But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。 自主解答：　F　 ◆[技法图解] 微课三　段尾设空题——总结概括&过渡衔接 总结句 当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如：so、 therefore、hence、thus、as a result、in short、 in a word、 all in all、 to sum up、to conclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。 [典例呈现]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.　__38__　 D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it. F.Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G.Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. [点拨]　本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，F项(不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来)总结上文，符合语境。 自主解答：　F ◆[技法图解] 段落过渡句 当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句。首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。 [典例呈现]　(2023·全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer：　__36__　. E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience [点拨]　根据本空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。G项可以承上启下，自然过渡。 自主解答：　G　 ◆[技法图解] 补充信息，举例说明句 段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。 [典例呈现]　(2024·全国甲卷) Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone，especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.　__38__　 D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E.Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F.For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now. G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. [点拨]　空前讲到了“And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.(注意你手边的食物。如果你有不健康的零食随时可食用，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。)”因此空处应也与适度饮食的正确做法有关，进一步举例说明。E项“相反，让自己置身于健康的选择中。”承接上文。 自主解答：　E 　 ◆[技法图解] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$