第1板块 专题1 题型篇 第4节 词句猜测题（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

第4节　词句猜测题 词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇上下文等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查： 1．要求根据阅读材料，结合学生应用的常识和经验判断生词、词组或熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思； 2．代词指代题也是词义猜测题的常考类型。 词义猜测题——3种技法 词句猜测题是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组的能力，而这些单词或词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中却起着一定的作用。由此看来，猜测词义能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。 ●[No.1]　利用逻辑关系猜测词义——————————————————————◄ 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。解题技法如： 典例呈现 解题技法 　　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)　In_the_wrong_hands　， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill­intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 根据划线词后面的 “but, thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable ”可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可见，划线的“In the wrong hands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。 自主解答：　C ●[No.2]　利用语法关系猜测词义——————————————————————◄ 在做阅读理解题目时，利用语法关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。解题技法如： 典例呈现 解题技法 　　(2024·北京卷阅读C)The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things­in­themselves that are unknowable.While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain.No one knows exactly what happens within this black box.If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are 　contingent_on　 our social, cultural and psychological histories.Again, a black box. 29.What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ A.Accepted by.　　　　　　　　 B.Determined by. C.Awakened by. D.Discovered by. 根据第二段 “If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are 　contingent_on　 our social, cultural and psychological histories.”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”。 自主解答：　B　 ●[No.3]　利用构词法关系猜测词义—————————————————————◄ 利用构词法不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以建议考生在做题时可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。解题技法如： 典例呈现 解题技法 　　(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. … My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring，and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually 　the_offender　 would appear at the end of the day，and I would return the belonging. 25.What do the underlined words“the offender”in Paragraph 8 refer to？ A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box. C.The author's grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit. 根据构词法知识可知，“­er”为后缀，当其与动词组合时，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend为动词，意为“违反；冒犯”。所以offender有“犯规者；违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的 forbidden fruit 以及下文提到的return the belonging可推断，划线词所在句表示，通常the offender会在放学的时候过来，作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此，the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。 自主解答：　D 代词指代题——就近原则法 　　代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 ◆[设问方式] 1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/ which...” refer to？ 2.The underlined part“it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph... refers to “　_______　”． 解此类试题常用“就近原则法”巧判断。解题技法如： 典例呈现 解题技法 　　(2024·1月浙江卷阅读B)．.. The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make 　it　 seem a bit more “young professional”． 24.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to？ A.The play.　　　　 B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions (试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”和“I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make 　it　 seem a bit more‘young professional’．”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番。 自主解答：　B 句意猜测题——意义吻合法 　　高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。 ◆[设问方式] 1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph...mean？ 2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in Paragraph...？ 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。解此类试题常用“意义吻合法”。解题技法如： 典例呈现 解题技法 　　(浙江卷·B篇)　Money_with_no_strings_attached　. It's not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” 24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached”in Paragraph 1 mean？ A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made. C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together. 本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的Give What You Can, Take What You Need(尽你所能，取你所需)可知，此处 money with no strings attached的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 自主解答： 　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$