第1板块 专题1 能力篇 阅读之基本能力培养（word教参）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

微课一　运用“2策略”突破生僻词汇 一般来说，在阅读高考文本时，总会碰到一些自己不认识的障碍词。高考文本中允许出现3%的超纲词。因此正确处理阅读中遇到的障碍词，掌握一定的破解障碍词的技法，对于理解文章及答题都非常重要。对于破解障碍词一般有如下两种策略： 　　　　　　人名地名机构名，判定类别速略过 高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精准猜测的生僻词汇，不知道它的确切含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。在考试中，有10%的生僻词汇都不会干扰解题。所以，平时要练习对生僻词汇的容忍度和处理生僻词汇的技巧，否则，临场考试时学生会因焦虑而影响做题速度和准度。对于这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。例如： 1．一起出现的几个首字母都大写的单词：它可能是一个专有名词，不需要知道其意思，只需要知道它是某类事物的名称即可； 2．斜体单词：它可能是某本书、某本杂志、某部电影等的名称或某个专业术语，不需要了解它的意思，只需要知道它代表什么事物即可。 类别 典例 指津 首 字 母 都 大 写 的 单 词 　　(2024·1月浙江卷阅读A)McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School.He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.This summer he attended Kentucky's Governor's School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. 考生对于该文本中首字母都大写的加黑词汇不要过多纠结，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”，它们是专有名词，不需要深究其含义，知道它是某个名称即可。 斜 体 的 单 词 　　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AIpowered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革)． 根据语境可知，where后面的AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 是一个书名。如该书未涉及考点，我们完全可以略过，不用逐词钻研；即使该书与考点相关，我们也只需知道是一个书名就足够了，不用浪费时间弄明白具体是什么。 　　　　　　若遇生僻障碍词，猜词技巧来帮忙 有时候，一些生僻词汇对阅读来说存在很大的障碍，对上下文的理解至关重要，我们必须知道这些词的精准含义。那么，如何排除这些障碍呢？ ►[技法一]　熟词探源引生义，语境之中定含义 高考语篇中生词的数量是有限制的，但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的，很多单词本身有很多释义，我们所熟知的通常是教材中给出的最常用的释义，而命题人在设计试题时，所给单词的含义不会局限于学生熟悉的含义。有些单词的生义与熟义大相径庭，需要学生结合语境仔细推敲来确定单词的含义。 典例 指津 　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 熟义：n.状态，状况 生义：n.(因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病 根据下文介绍“在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让它长眠，但法伯的治疗减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它又活了5个月。”可以猜测出，condition应该是“疾病”之意。 ►[技法二]　长难单词巧拆解，利用构词法猜词义 在阅读过程中，学生可以根据构词法猜测出有些长难单词的含义。构词法主要有三种：派生、合成和转化。派生是指由一个词或词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词；合成则是由两个或更多的词合成一个新词；转化是由一种词性转化为另一种词性。掌握构词法有助于我们准确地猜测生词的意思，从而高效阅读。 类别 典例 指津 派 生 　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. danger n．危险；危险的事物→endanger v. 使遭危险；危及→endangered adj. (动物、鸟类等)濒危的，濒于灭绝的 合 成 　　(2024·1月浙江卷阅读A)A 35minute handclapping, footstomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. 1.hand(手)＋clap(拍手)→hand clapping(拍手的) 2.foot(脚)＋stomp(跺脚)→foot stomping(跺脚的) 转 换 　　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革)． address的常见词性为名词，表达“地址”之意，此处的address为动词，表示“设法解决”之意。 ►[技法三]　全然陌生莫慌张，巧用逻辑判意义 在阅读过程中，遇到纯粹的生词或没有见过的生僻短语，我们可以借助上下文中的逻辑关系猜测词义，常见的方法有利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义；借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义；通过因果、转折关系猜测词义；根据所举的例子反推词义。 典例 指津 　　(2023·1月浙江卷阅读C)Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond，professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it：“There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.” 根据该加黑词的上一句This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.可知， 这可能导致一些人类不会犯的错误。因此 wrinkles指代errors。所以 wrinkles的意思 是“错误”。 微课二　运用“4妙招”破解长难句 阅读理解得分低，根本原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂，使考生看不懂。句子太长或者句子结构复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。 　　　　　　寻谓语，提主干 一般情况下，我们可以根据谓语来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语时，则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语的情况除外)。 典例 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 分析 寻谓语 本句的谓语为：approach；devote 提主干 本句的主干为：people approach digital texts and devote less mental effort 析成分 本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social media作后置定语修饰名词mindset，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。 句意 根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 　　　　　　提主干，去枝叶 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语或定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干被提炼出来，就能完全把握句子的核心意义，也就不会思维混乱，主次不分。 典 例 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 分 析 提主干 This makes sense 去枝叶 because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句修饰先行词the people, recording ... nearby为分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。 句意,这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。 　　　　　　寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长难句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果找准这些关联词，我们就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清楚主句和从句的意义，那么长句就容易理解了。 典 例 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 分 析 提主干 the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey 寻关联， 辨逻辑 influenced by the ancient Silk Road为过去分词短语作定语修饰名词a journey；by which是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词the ancient Silk Road。 句意 此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园将带领游客体验受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过这条丝绸之路首次来到英国的。 　　　　　　看搭配，防分隔 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若不受分隔现象的干扰，就会看清句子的本来面目，对句意的理解就不会发生偏差。 典 例 (2023·全国乙卷阅读D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. 分 析 看 搭 配 If you want to tell the history of the whole world为if引导的条件状语从句；that does not privilege one part of humanity为that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a history; because only some of the world has ever had texts为because引导的原因状语从句， while为并列连词，意为“然而，而且”。 防 分 隔 a history that does not privilege one part of humanity为同位语，对the history of the whole world进行解释说明。 句 意 如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不赋予人类一部分特权的历史，你就不能仅仅通过文本来做，因为世界上只有一些人曾经有过文本，而世界上的大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。 分析下列长难句并尝试翻译 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks－like identifying the main idea in a reading passage－to ones that require mental abstraction－such as drawing inferences from a text. [分析]　寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为　shine　，主干为　The benefits of print reading particularly shine through　。 [析成分]　本句是一个主从复合句。when引导　时间　状语从句，其中like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明　simple tasks　和　ones that require mental abstraction　。 [翻译]　纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要思维抽象的任务时——比如从文本中推断出信息。　 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? [分析]　寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为　outnumber；wanted　，主干为　These observations now outnumber the primary data；I wanted to know：Are they usable？　。 [析成分]　本句是一个并列复合句。前半句中的　that　作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data；后半句中的since引导　原因　状语从句，how引导宾语从句作　investigate　的宾语。 [翻译]　现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗？　 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. [分析]　寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为　tested　，主干为　Daru and his team tested　。 [析成分]　本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset...为分词短语作　状语　，how引导宾语从句作　tested　的宾语。 [翻译]　Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。　 4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. [分析]　寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为　means　，主干为　having a system in the same building means zero emissions　。 [析成分]　本句是一个主从复合句。having a system in the same building为动词­ing形式短语作　主语　，where it's eaten为定语从句，修饰先行词　building　，from transporting plants from soil to salad为介词短语作状语。 [翻译]　 　此外，在同一楼内的这一系统(从运输到食用)意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。　 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. [分析]　寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为　writes　，主干为 　She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic　。 [析成分]　本句是一个主从复合句。 making for...as AI是非谓语短语作　结果　状语，其中嵌入两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词　guide　。 [翻译]　她从商业人士而非学者的实用角度写作，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。　 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. [分析]　提主干：本句为并列复合句。句子主干为 　such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code; Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience　。 [析成分]　本句为　but　连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中包含一个限制性定语从句that powers AI，修饰先行词　the computer code　； 第二个分句中translating the heady into the understandable为动词­ing形式短语作　定语　。 [翻译]　这本书如果落入不当之手，可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。　 7．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷完形填空)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. [分析]　提主干：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为 　the problems are forgotten　。 [析成分]　Whatever引导　让步　状语从句；once引导　时间　状语从句。 [翻译]　无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你坐下来与亲朋好友大吃一顿，这些问题都会被忘得一干二净。　 8．(2024·全国甲卷阅读理解D篇)He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. [分析]　提主干：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为　He suggested...　。 [析成分]　He suggested I think about...中，suggested意为“建议”其后的宾语从句中用should＋动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了　should　；句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是　定语　从句，均修饰各自前面的　endings　；even if引导　让步　状语从句。 [翻译]　他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。　 9．(2024·全国甲卷完形填空)This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down－a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. [分析]　本句为并列复合句。句子主干为　This training taught her to read and write her Chinese　。 [析成分]　upside down为副词短语作　方式　状语；破折号后面a skill为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能；that has turned out to be quite practical为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词　skill　；especially whenever we share the newspaper为副词especially修饰　whenever　引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。 [翻译]　这次培训教会了她熟练地读和写中文——这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。　 10．(2023 ·全国乙卷阅读C)Even though Britain has a reputation for lessthanimpressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. [分析]　提主干：本句为主从复合句。主句主语为　it　，谓语为　is producing　。本句主干为 　it is producing more top class chefs　。 [析成分]　Even though　引导让步状语从句， who、whose分别引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词　top class chefs　。 [翻译]　尽管英国向来以饮食乏味而闻名，但它正在培养更多的顶级厨师，这些顶级厨师经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常名列畅销书排行榜前列。　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$