内容正文:
专题09 名词性从句
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 2
考点一:名词性从句的类型 2
考点二:引导词 5
考点三:语序和时态 7
实战能力训练 9
1. 掌握名词性从句的四种类型(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)。
2. 熟悉各类引导词(从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)的用法。
3. 遵循名词性从句的陈述语序规则。
4. 注意主从句时态呼应原则。
(一)整体理解
名词性从句的核心地位:名词性从句在英语复合句中占据重要地位,它使句子的表达更加丰富多样,能够传达复杂的思想。通过将一个完整的句子嵌入到另一个句子中充当名词性成分,实现了句子结构的拓展和语义的深化。
与其他从句的区别关键:与定语从句、状语从句不同,名词性从句在句子中充当的是名词的角色,即作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,这是理解和识别名词性从句的关键所在。在学习过程中要注重与其他从句进行对比分析,明确各自的功能和特点。
(二)重点关注方向
引导词的准确运用:不同类型的名词性从句需要根据其在句子中的语义和语法功能选择合适的引导词。引导词不仅决定了从句的性质(如 whether 引导的从句常表示不确定性),还可能在从句中充当一定的句子成分(如 what 在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语)。因此,准确掌握引导词的用法是学好名词性从句的首要任务。
从句在句子中的功能实现:要清晰地理解主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在各自句子中的作用。主语从句作为句子的核心话题,决定了整个句子所描述的内容;宾语从句受动词、介词等支配,是动作的对象或内容;表语从句对主语的特征、状态等进行说明;同位语从句对前面的名词进行内容上的补充解释。
语序和时态的正确把握:在名词性从句中,一般使用陈述语序(除了在某些特殊的疑问句形式的宾语从句中)。同时,要根据主句和从句的时间关系来正确选择时态,尤其要注意主从句时态的呼应原则,避免出现时态使用上的错误。
(一)名词性从句的类型
从句类型
示例
引导词常见情况
主语从句
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.(直接作主语)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(it 作形式主语)
从属连词 that(无实际意义,只起连接作用)、whether(是否);连接代词 what、who 等(在从句中可作成分);连接副词 when、where 等(在从句中作状语)
宾语从句
I believe that he is honest.(作及物动词宾语)
We are talking about whether we should go there.(作介词宾语)
I'm sure that he will succeed.(作形容词宾语)
从属连词 that(常可省略)、whether、if(是否,if 多用于宾语从句);连接代词 what、who 等;连接副词 when、where 等
表语从句
The problem is that we don't have enough time.(系动词 is 后)
从属连词 that;连接代词 what、who 等;连接副词 when、where 等(根据从句需表达的语义选择合适引导词,在从句中作相应成分或起连接作用)
同位语从句
The fact that he won the first prize made his parents very happy.(对 fact 解释说明)
从属连词 that(只起连接作用,无实际意义);whether(是否,较少用);连接代词、连接副词较少用,具体视从句语义及对所说明名词的补充内容而定
1. 主语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。它通常位于句首,但有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,会用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句后置。
示例:
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.(直接位于句首作主语)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(it 作形式主语,真正的主语从句是 that you missed the concert)
2. 宾语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
示例:
I believe that he is honest.(作及物动词 believe 的宾语)
We are talking about whether we should go there.(作介词 about 的宾语)
I'm sure that he will succeed.(作形容词 sure 的宾语)
3. 表语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,位于系动词之后。
示例:
The problem is that we don't have enough time.(is 是系动词,that we don't have enough time 是表语从句)
4. 同位语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中,用于对前面的名词(通常是抽象名词,如 fact、idea、news、promise 等)作进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般紧跟在它所说明的名词之后。
示例:
The fact that he won the first prize made his parents very happy.(that he won the first prize 是同位语从句,对 fact 进行解释说明)
(二)引导词
引导词类型
引导词
功能
示例(从句类型)
从属连词
that
不充当成分,起连接作用,宾语从句常可省略
He told me (that) he would come back soon.(宾语从句)
That he is a good student is known to us all.(主语从句)
whether
表示 “是否”,不充当成分,用于主、宾、同位语从句,特定情况用 whether 不用 if
Whether we will have a party depends on the weather.(主语从句)
I don't know whether he will come or not.(宾语从句)
We are discussing whether we should go on a trip.(宾语从句)
if
在宾语从句表示 “是否”,主、表、同位语从句一般不用
I wonder if he has received my letter.(宾语从句)
连接代词
what
可作主语、宾语、表语、定语,表 “…… 的事物 / 人等”
What he said is very important.(主语从句)
I don't know what he wants.(宾语从句)
This is what I need.(表语从句)
who
作主语、宾语、表语,指人
Who will win the game is still unknown.(主语从句)
I don't know who he is talking to.(宾语从句)
whom
作宾语,指人,口语或非正式文体常用 who 代
I don't know whom he will invite.(宾语从句)
whose
作定语,指人或物 “谁的”
I don't know whose book this is.(宾语从句)
which
作主语、宾语、定语,表 “哪一个 / 些”
Which team will win the match is hard to say.(主语从句)
I don't know which book he likes best.(宾语从句)
连接副词
when
作时间状语 “何时”
I don't know when he will come back.(宾语从句)
where
作地点状语 “在哪里”
The question is where we should go.(表语从句)
why
作原因状语 “为什么”
I don't know why he was late.(宾语从句)
how
作方式状语 “怎样” 及构成相关词组
I don't know how he solved the problem.(宾语从句)
The question is how we can get there.(表语从句)
I don't know how much it costs.(宾语从句)
1. 从属连词
that:
功能:在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,无实际意义。在宾语从句中常可省略(但在其他几种名词性从句中一般不省略)。
示例:
He told me (that) he would come back soon.(宾语从句中省略 that)
That he is a good student is known to us all.(主语从句,that 不能省略)
whether:
功能:表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当成分,常用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。在宾语从句中,whether 和 if 都可以表示 “是否”,但在以下情况一般用 whether:① 作介词宾语;② 与 or not 直接连用;③ 在 discuss 等动词后。
示例:
Whether we will have a party depends on the weather.(主语从句)
I don't know whether he will come or not.(宾语从句)
We are discussing whether we should go on a trip.(宾语从句)
if:
功能:在宾语从句中表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当成分,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,一般不用 if,而用 whether。
示例:I wonder if he has received my letter.(宾语从句)
2. 连接代词
what:
功能:在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常用来表示 “…… 的事物 / 东西 / 人” 等,强调内容。
示例:
What he said is very important.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know what he wants.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
This is what I need.(作表语从句中的表语)
who:
功能:在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,常用来指人。
示例:
Who will win the game is still unknown.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know who he is talking to.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
whom:
功能:在从句中作宾语,常用来指人,在口语或非正式文体中,常用 who 代替。
示例:I don't know whom he will invite.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
whose:
功能:在从句中作定语,可指人或物,表示 “谁的”。
示例:I don't know whose book this is.(作宾语从句中的定语)
which:
功能:在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,常用来表示在一定范围内的 “哪一个 / 些”。
示例:
Which team will win the match is hard to say.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know which book he likes best.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
3. 连接副词
when:
功能:在从句中作时间状语,表示 “何时”。
示例:I don't know when he will come back.(作宾语从句中的时间状语)
where:
功能:在从句中作地点状语,表示 “在哪里”。
示例:The question is where we should go.(作表语从句中的地点状语)
why:
功能:在从句中作原因状语,表示 “为什么”。
示例:I don't know why he was late.(作宾语从句中的原因状语)
how:
功能:在从句中作方式状语,表示 “怎样”,还可以和一些形容词或副词构成词组,如 how many(多少,修饰可数名词)、how much(多少,修饰不可数名词或询问价格)、how long(多长时间或长度)、how often(多久一次,询问频率)、how soon(多久以后)等。
示例:
I don't know how he solved the problem.(作宾语从句中的方式状语)
The question is how we can get there.(作表语从句中的方式状语)
I don't know how much it costs.(作宾语从句,how much 询问价格)
(三)语序和时态
1. 语序
陈述语序原则:名词性从句一般使用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。尤其在宾语从句中,要注意不要受疑问句语序的影响。
示例:
错误:I don't know where is he.
正确:I don't know where he is.
2. 时态
主从句时态呼应:
如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。
如果主句是一般过去时,从句一般要用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)。例如:
He said that he was watching TV at that time.(主句是一般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(虽然主句是一般过去时,但从句是客观真理,仍用一般现在时)
例题精练,举一反三
1._____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
2. I have no idea _____ he will come back.
A. when B. what C. that D. where
3. The question is _____ we can get there on time.
A. that B. whether C. if D. which
4._____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
5. It remains to be seen _____ the newly - formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
6. We should consider the students' request _____ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
7. Evidence has been found through years of study _____ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how C. whether D. that
8._____ is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
9. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
- Is that _____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
10._____ she couldn't understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
11. I wonder _____ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
A. where B. how C. why D. if
12. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
13. It's still unknown _____ the small village became a famous tourist attraction.
A. what B. when C. where D. how
14. - What a mess! You are always so lazy!
- I'm not to blame, mum. I am _____ you have made me.
A. how B. what C. that D. who
15. His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
一、单项选择
1.(9-10高二下·吉林长春·期末) Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.
A.why B.what C.who D.that
2.(2023高二下·河北·学业考试)I wonder if you can tell me Tom is I can't find him anywhere.
A.where B.who C.when D.what
3.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中)He told us the days he was young were gone.
A.that; that B.when; when C.when; that D.that; when
4.(24-25高二上·天津·阶段练习)In his paper, he proposed a statement ______ natural selection may not be the only means through ______ creatures evolve.
A.whether; which B.that; which C.if; when D.what; that
5.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)______ impressed me most was that those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games.
A.That B.It C.What D.Which
6.(2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试)I wonder if you can tell me Tom is I can't find him anywhere.
A.where B.who C.when D.what
7.(2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试)The news ______ a bridge over the road right in front of our school will be built next year excites us greatly.
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
8.(2022春·天津·高二统考学业考试)—There is so much to get done today.
—I will help you with ______ you need. Just name it!
A.whatever B.however C.whenever D.whoever
9.(2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试)The National Railway Administration recently released a draft guideline________ train tickets may be priced based on age instead of height.
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
10.(2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试)I think ______ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
A.whether B.that C.which D.what
二、语法填空
11.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the winter. (用适当的词填空)
12.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he carried his living before is not clear to us. (用适当的词填空)
13.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. (用适当的词填空)
14.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)This is something positive that I can do for them, which is I like most about it. (用适当的词填空)
15.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习) is known to us all is that Yuan Longping is the father of hybrid rice. (用适当的词填空)
16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he spied on me puzzled me for a long time. (用适当的词填空)
17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown. (用适当的词填空)
18.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It worried her a bit her mother didn’t approve of her leaving home tonight. (用适当的词填空)
19.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It is still doubtful she will play the role. (用适当的词填空)
20.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he is still alive is a wonder. (用适当的词填空)
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专题09 名词性从句
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 2
考点一:名词性从句的类型 2
考点二:引导词 5
考点三:语序和时态 7
实战能力训练 10
1. 掌握名词性从句的四种类型(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)。
2. 熟悉各类引导词(从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)的用法。
3. 遵循名词性从句的陈述语序规则。
4. 注意主从句时态呼应原则。
(一)整体理解
名词性从句的核心地位:名词性从句在英语复合句中占据重要地位,它使句子的表达更加丰富多样,能够传达复杂的思想。通过将一个完整的句子嵌入到另一个句子中充当名词性成分,实现了句子结构的拓展和语义的深化。
与其他从句的区别关键:与定语从句、状语从句不同,名词性从句在句子中充当的是名词的角色,即作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,这是理解和识别名词性从句的关键所在。在学习过程中要注重与其他从句进行对比分析,明确各自的功能和特点。
(二)重点关注方向
引导词的准确运用:不同类型的名词性从句需要根据其在句子中的语义和语法功能选择合适的引导词。引导词不仅决定了从句的性质(如 whether 引导的从句常表示不确定性),还可能在从句中充当一定的句子成分(如 what 在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语)。因此,准确掌握引导词的用法是学好名词性从句的首要任务。
从句在句子中的功能实现:要清晰地理解主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在各自句子中的作用。主语从句作为句子的核心话题,决定了整个句子所描述的内容;宾语从句受动词、介词等支配,是动作的对象或内容;表语从句对主语的特征、状态等进行说明;同位语从句对前面的名词进行内容上的补充解释。
语序和时态的正确把握:在名词性从句中,一般使用陈述语序(除了在某些特殊的疑问句形式的宾语从句中)。同时,要根据主句和从句的时间关系来正确选择时态,尤其要注意主从句时态的呼应原则,避免出现时态使用上的错误。
(一)名词性从句的类型
从句类型
示例
引导词常见情况
主语从句
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.(直接作主语)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(it 作形式主语)
从属连词 that(无实际意义,只起连接作用)、whether(是否);连接代词 what、who 等(在从句中可作成分);连接副词 when、where 等(在从句中作状语)
宾语从句
I believe that he is honest.(作及物动词宾语)
We are talking about whether we should go there.(作介词宾语)
I'm sure that he will succeed.(作形容词宾语)
从属连词 that(常可省略)、whether、if(是否,if 多用于宾语从句);连接代词 what、who 等;连接副词 when、where 等
表语从句
The problem is that we don't have enough time.(系动词 is 后)
从属连词 that;连接代词 what、who 等;连接副词 when、where 等(根据从句需表达的语义选择合适引导词,在从句中作相应成分或起连接作用)
同位语从句
The fact that he won the first prize made his parents very happy.(对 fact 解释说明)
从属连词 that(只起连接作用,无实际意义);whether(是否,较少用);连接代词、连接副词较少用,具体视从句语义及对所说明名词的补充内容而定
1. 主语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。它通常位于句首,但有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,会用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句后置。
示例:
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.(直接位于句首作主语)
It is a pity that you missed the concert.(it 作形式主语,真正的主语从句是 that you missed the concert)
2. 宾语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
示例:
I believe that he is honest.(作及物动词 believe 的宾语)
We are talking about whether we should go there.(作介词 about 的宾语)
I'm sure that he will succeed.(作形容词 sure 的宾语)
3. 表语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,位于系动词之后。
示例:
The problem is that we don't have enough time.(is 是系动词,that we don't have enough time 是表语从句)
4. 同位语从句
定义与位置:在复合句中,用于对前面的名词(通常是抽象名词,如 fact、idea、news、promise 等)作进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般紧跟在它所说明的名词之后。
示例:
The fact that he won the first prize made his parents very happy.(that he won the first prize 是同位语从句,对 fact 进行解释说明)
(二)引导词
引导词类型
引导词
功能
示例(从句类型)
从属连词
that
不充当成分,起连接作用,宾语从句常可省略
He told me (that) he would come back soon.(宾语从句)
That he is a good student is known to us all.(主语从句)
whether
表示 “是否”,不充当成分,用于主、宾、同位语从句,特定情况用 whether 不用 if
Whether we will have a party depends on the weather.(主语从句)
I don't know whether he will come or not.(宾语从句)
We are discussing whether we should go on a trip.(宾语从句)
if
在宾语从句表示 “是否”,主、表、同位语从句一般不用
I wonder if he has received my letter.(宾语从句)
连接代词
what
可作主语、宾语、表语、定语,表 “…… 的事物 / 人等”
What he said is very important.(主语从句)
I don't know what he wants.(宾语从句)
This is what I need.(表语从句)
who
作主语、宾语、表语,指人
Who will win the game is still unknown.(主语从句)
I don't know who he is talking to.(宾语从句)
whom
作宾语,指人,口语或非正式文体常用 who 代
I don't know whom he will invite.(宾语从句)
whose
作定语,指人或物 “谁的”
I don't know whose book this is.(宾语从句)
which
作主语、宾语、定语,表 “哪一个 / 些”
Which team will win the match is hard to say.(主语从句)
I don't know which book he likes best.(宾语从句)
连接副词
when
作时间状语 “何时”
I don't know when he will come back.(宾语从句)
where
作地点状语 “在哪里”
The question is where we should go.(表语从句)
why
作原因状语 “为什么”
I don't know why he was late.(宾语从句)
how
作方式状语 “怎样” 及构成相关词组
I don't know how he solved the problem.(宾语从句)
The question is how we can get there.(表语从句)
I don't know how much it costs.(宾语从句)
1. 从属连词
that:
功能:在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,无实际意义。在宾语从句中常可省略(但在其他几种名词性从句中一般不省略)。
示例:
He told me (that) he would come back soon.(宾语从句中省略 that)
That he is a good student is known to us all.(主语从句,that 不能省略)
whether:
功能:表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当成分,常用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。在宾语从句中,whether 和 if 都可以表示 “是否”,但在以下情况一般用 whether:① 作介词宾语;② 与 or not 直接连用;③ 在 discuss 等动词后。
示例:
Whether we will have a party depends on the weather.(主语从句)
I don't know whether he will come or not.(宾语从句)
We are discussing whether we should go on a trip.(宾语从句)
if:
功能:在宾语从句中表示 “是否”,在从句中不充当成分,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,一般不用 if,而用 whether。
示例:I wonder if he has received my letter.(宾语从句)
2. 连接代词
what:
功能:在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常用来表示 “…… 的事物 / 东西 / 人” 等,强调内容。
示例:
What he said is very important.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know what he wants.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
This is what I need.(作表语从句中的表语)
who:
功能:在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,常用来指人。
示例:
Who will win the game is still unknown.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know who he is talking to.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
whom:
功能:在从句中作宾语,常用来指人,在口语或非正式文体中,常用 who 代替。
示例:I don't know whom he will invite.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
whose:
功能:在从句中作定语,可指人或物,表示 “谁的”。
示例:I don't know whose book this is.(作宾语从句中的定语)
which:
功能:在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,常用来表示在一定范围内的 “哪一个 / 些”。
示例:
Which team will win the match is hard to say.(作主语从句中的主语)
I don't know which book he likes best.(作宾语从句中的宾语)
3. 连接副词
when:
功能:在从句中作时间状语,表示 “何时”。
示例:I don't know when he will come back.(作宾语从句中的时间状语)
where:
功能:在从句中作地点状语,表示 “在哪里”。
示例:The question is where we should go.(作表语从句中的地点状语)
why:
功能:在从句中作原因状语,表示 “为什么”。
示例:I don't know why he was late.(作宾语从句中的原因状语)
how:
功能:在从句中作方式状语,表示 “怎样”,还可以和一些形容词或副词构成词组,如 how many(多少,修饰可数名词)、how much(多少,修饰不可数名词或询问价格)、how long(多长时间或长度)、how often(多久一次,询问频率)、how soon(多久以后)等。
示例:
I don't know how he solved the problem.(作宾语从句中的方式状语)
The question is how we can get there.(作表语从句中的方式状语)
I don't know how much it costs.(作宾语从句,how much 询问价格)
(三)语序和时态
1. 语序
陈述语序原则:名词性从句一般使用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。尤其在宾语从句中,要注意不要受疑问句语序的影响。
示例:
错误:I don't know where is he.
正确:I don't know where he is.
2. 时态
主从句时态呼应:
如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。
如果主句是一般过去时,从句一般要用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)。例如:
He said that he was watching TV at that time.(主句是一般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(虽然主句是一般过去时,但从句是客观真理,仍用一般现在时)
例题精练,举一反三
1._____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
【答案】C
【详解】翻译:你不喜欢他这件事和我无关。本题考查主语从句。从句“you don't like him”是一个完整的句子,不缺少成分,所以用that引导,that在主语从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分,故选C。
2. I have no idea _____ he will come back.
A. when B. what C. that D. where
【答案】A
【详解】翻译:我不知道他什么时候回来。本题考查同位语从句,“idea”后面的从句是对“idea”内容的具体说明,从句中缺少时间状语,用when引导,故选A。
3. The question is _____ we can get there on time.
A. that B. whether C. if D. which
【答案】B
【详解】翻译:问题是我们是否能按时到达那里。本题考查表语从句,根据句意表示“是否”,在表语从句中引导词用whether,不用if,故选B。
4._____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
【答案】A
【详解】翻译:使这家商店与众不同的是它提供更多的个性化服务。本题考查主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的事物”,用what引导,故选A。
5. It remains to be seen _____ the newly - formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】D
【详解】翻译:新成立的委员会的政策是否能付诸实施还有待观察。本题考查主语从句,it是形式主语,真正的主语从句表示“是否”,用whether引导,故选D。
6. We should consider the students' request _____ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【答案】A
【详解】翻译:我们应该考虑学生们的请求,即学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。本题考查同位语从句,“request”后面的从句是对“request”内容的解释,从句不缺成分,用that引导,故选A。
7. Evidence has been found through years of study _____ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how C. whether D. that
【答案】D
【详解】翻译:多年的研究已经发现证据,表明儿童早期的睡眠问题在他们长大后可能仍然存在。本题考查同位语从句,“Evidence”后面的从句是对“Evidence”内容的解释,从句不缺成分,用that引导,故选D。
8._____ is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
【答案】B
【详解】翻译:我们都知道的是2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。本题考查主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的事物”,用what引导,故选B。
9. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
- Is that _____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
【答案】A
【详解】翻译:- 我上周开车去珠海看航展了。 - 那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?本题考查表语从句,根据语境表示原因,用why引导,故选A。
10._____ she couldn't understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
【答案】A
【详解】翻译:她不明白的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。第一空考查主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“……的事物”,用what引导;第二空考查表语从句,根据句意表示原因,用why引导,故选A。
11. I wonder _____ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
A. where B. how C. why D. if
【答案】B
【详解】翻译:我想知道这么多年来玛丽是如何保持身材的。本题考查宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,用how引导,故选B。
12. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【详解】翻译:下午两点左右传来通知说会议将被推迟。本题考查同位语从句,“notice”后面的从句是对“notice”内容的解释,从句不缺成分,用that引导,故选B。
13. It's still unknown _____ the small village became a famous tourist attraction.
A. what B. when C. where D. how
【答案】D
【详解】翻译:这个小村庄是如何成为著名的旅游景点的仍然不清楚。本题考查主语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,用how引导,故选D。
14. - What a mess! You are always so lazy!
- I'm not to blame, mum. I am _____ you have made me.
A. how B. what C. that D. who
【答案】B
【详解】翻译:- 真是一团糟!你总是这么懒! - 妈妈,不怪我。我是你造就的样子。本题考查表语从句,从句中缺少表语,表示“……的样子”,用what引导,故选B。
15. His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
【答案】D
【详解】翻译:他的文章如此令人费解,以至于很难弄清楚他到底想表达什么。本题考查宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“……的事物”,用what引导,同时注意本句是强调句的特殊疑问句形式,故选D。
一、单项选择
1.(9-10高二下·吉林长春·期末) Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.
A.why B.what C.who D.that
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:Mary写了一篇关于为什么这支队伍没有赢得比赛的文章。A. why conj. 为什么;B. what pron. 什么;多么;C. who conj. 所;pron. 谁;D. that用于某些动词、名词和形容词引出处各种从句。分析句子结构可知,空处所在的句子为介词on后的宾语从句,从句主谓宾齐全,缺少原因状语,表示原因需用why。故选A项。
2.(2023高二下·河北·学业考试)I wonder if you can tell me Tom is I can't find him anywhere.
A.where B.who C.when D.what
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:我想知道你是否能告诉我汤姆在哪里——我到处都找不到他。分析句子,此处引导的是宾语从句,根据后文的 I can't find him anywhere,可知,引导词表示“哪儿里”用where。故选A。
3.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中)He told us the days he was young were gone.
A.that; that B.when; when C.when; that D.that; when
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意:他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了。第一空引导宾语从句,作told的宾语,从句主干为the days were gone,结构、意义完整,故第一空使用that引导;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是days,关系词在从句中作时间状语,使用关系副词when引导。故选D。
4.(24-25高二上·天津·阶段练习)In his paper, he proposed a statement ______ natural selection may not be the only means through ______ creatures evolve.
A.whether; which B.that; which C.if; when D.what; that
【答案】B
【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意:在他的论文中,他提出了一个观点,即自然选择可能不是生物进化的唯一途径。第一空引导同位语从句,解释说明statement的内容,从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导。第二空引导定语从句,修饰先行词means,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作through的宾语,应用“介词through+关系代词which”引导。故选B。
5.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)______ impressed me most was that those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games.
A.That B.It C.What D.Which
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:给我印象最深的是那些残疾运动员尽力参加比赛。根据句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代事物,用连接代词what引导,意为“……的事”。故选C。
6.(2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试)I wonder if you can tell me Tom is I can't find him anywhere.
A.where B.who C.when D.what
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:我想知道你是否能告诉我汤姆在哪里——我到处都找不到他。分析句子,此处引导的是宾语从句,根据后文的 I can't find him anywhere,可知,引导词表示“哪儿里”用where。故选A。
7.(2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试)The news ______ a bridge over the road right in front of our school will be built next year excites us greatly.
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:我们学校正前方的路上将在明年建一座桥的消息使我们非常兴奋。分析句子结构可知,本句为同位语从句,解释说明名词news的具体内容,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用连接代词that引导。故选B。
8.(2022春·天津·高二统考学业考试)—There is so much to get done today.
—I will help you with ______ you need. Just name it!
A.whatever B.however C.whenever D.whoever
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:——今天要做的事情太多了。——你需要什么我都可以帮你,只要你说出来!A.whatever无论什么;B.however无论怎样;C.whenever无论什么时候;D.whoever无论谁。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少need后面的宾语,表示“无论什么”,应用whatever来引导宾语从句,故选A。
9.(2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试)The National Railway Administration recently released a draft guideline________ train tickets may be priced based on age instead of height.
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
【答案】B
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:近日,国家铁路局发布了火车票定价指导意见征求意见稿,车票定价可由身高改为年龄。空格处引导的是同位语从句,从句中不缺成分,且句子意思完整,因此空格处用that引导同位语从句,故选B。
10.(2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试)I think ______ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
A.whether B.that C.which D.what
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知,think后接宾语从句,宾语从句省略了连接代词that,从句中空格处引导主语从句作宾语从句的主语,主语从句缺少主语,表示“……的(事情等)”,用连接代词what引导主语从句,宾语从句谓语动词是is。故选D。
二、语法填空
11.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the winter. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:使这本书如此非凡的是作者的创造性想象力。空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示“什么”,应用what,置于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
12.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he carried his living before is not clear to us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】How
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们不清楚他以前是怎样生活的。is前面为主语从句,从句结构完整,根据句意,缺少“如何”,用how,放在句首,首字母大写。故填How。
13.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:显然学生们应该为他们的未来做好准备。it is obvious that… 是固定句型,表示“显然……”,其中it作形式主语,that引导从句作真正的主语。故填 that。
14.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)This is something positive that I can do for them, which is I like most about it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句的引导词。句意:这是我能为他们做的积极的事情,也是我最喜欢它的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指物,因此用what引导。故填what。
15.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习) is known to us all is that Yuan Longping is the father of hybrid rice. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:众所周知,袁隆平是杂交水稻之父。引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物应用what,首字母大写。故填What。
16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he spied on me puzzled me for a long time. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Why
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:他为什么监视我让我困惑了很久。 空处引导主语从句,在句中作原因状语,意为“为什么”,用why引导主语从句,且空处位于句首,需首字母大写。故填Why。
17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Which
【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意:哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有益还不得而知。设空处引导主语从句且在句中作定语,表示“哪一种”应用which。故填which。
18.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It worried her a bit her mother didn’t approve of her leaving home tonight. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:她母亲不同意她今晚离开家,这使她有点担心。It为形式主语,空处引导主语从句作真正主语,从句句子结构意义完整,用that引导从句。故填that。
19.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It is still doubtful she will play the role. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:她是否会出演这个角色还是个疑问。It为形式主语,空处引导主语从句作真正主语,结合still doubtful可知,从句不缺少成分,句子结构完整,空处表示“是否”用whether/if。故填whether/if。
20.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) he is still alive is a wonder. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:他还活着真是个奇迹。is前面为主语从句,he is still alive句子结构完整,意思完整,空处用that引导从句,放在句首,首字母大写。故填That。
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