Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林版2020）

Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解练习 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano. Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质), primarily potassium, sodium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function, nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively. Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu. Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵制) the loss of energy and refill it, researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method. “When there are electrolyte abnormalities, the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.” For ordinary people, the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes. The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The working principle of the device. B．The composition of sweat. C．The function of a particular sensor. D．The balance of the minerals. 2．Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch? A．accurate and popular. B．large and wearable. C．convenient and comfortable. D．reliable and stable. 3．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．The wristwatch has no equal now. B．The product hasn’t hit the market yet. C．The researchers are content with the product. D．The device will be definitely put into extensive use. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks. B．To introduce a new product on monitoring health. C．To inform the readers of the importance of eletrolytes. D．To analyze the relationship between sweat and health. （24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 1．Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A．To market Porsche cars. B．To improve an AI technology. C．To learn to be a responsible driver. D．To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 2．The problem with self-driving cars is that . A．they learn as slowly as human beings B．they operate for a very short period of time C．they have to be monitored by human drivers D．they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Employing simulators on a test track. B．Speeding the development of process. C．Figuring out the physical road dangers. D．Separating the real world from the virtual world. 4．What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A．The reliability of car software. B．The future of the sports car market. C．The driving skills of human beings. D．The quality of self-driving cars in the future. （24-25高二上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Plant- based leathers have the potential to revolutionize the fashion industry. Now, MycoWorks, a California based biotech company, has created a new eco-friendly, vegetal leather derived from mushrooms. The leather turns mycelium (菌丝体) — threads from the root structure of mushrooms — into a material that imitates the look and feel of an animal- based leather. “It’s the first time that a company has been able to produce a vegetal product which is matching or even exceeding the quality and durability of a natural one. It’s a super achievement,” Patrick Thomas, former Hermés CEO and a member of MycoWorks board of directors, said in a statement. MycoWorks creates this special material by using engineered mycelium cells. As the cells grow into 3D structures, they become densely intertwined (交织的), eventually forming a tough material, called Fine Mycelium, which has the strength, durability and performance of the traditional leather. The result differs from other vegetal leathers made with mushrooms. Most mushroom leathers are made from compressed solid foam that mycelium forms naturally, but without engineering, they lack the same look and feel as an animal-based leather. Fine Mycelium can grow in trays (托盘). These trays can be designed to fit a designer’s exact specifications, avoiding any waste. After Fine Mycelium is harvested, it is tanned (鞣色) and finished to look and feel like an animal leather. Last year, luxury fashion brand Hermés debuted (推出（新产品）；首演) their Victoria bag, which featured MycoWork’s Fine Mycelium material. Other companies, including Adidas with their Mylo-made Stan Smith shoes and Lululemon with their mushroom-based yoga products, have also jumped on the eco-friendly trend. The use of plant-based leathers comes during a time when scientists and innovators are trying to come up with solutions for the climate crisis and animal agriculture. Environmentally, manufacturing animal-based leathers creates havoc because of deforestation and methane (甲烷) emissions connected to the animals raised for leathers. However, some experts criticize the new mushroom-based leather because it is currently only available as a rare item. For the material to be a truly sustainable option and make a major impact, it would need to be more accessible. They question whether the company can provide designers with enough material to create their products. 1．What is special about MycoWorks’ new leather? A．It is the first to be made from mycelium. B．It is an eco-friendly and vegetal produce. C．It is comparable with the animal-based leather. D．It is the first-ever mushroom-based leather. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．MycoWorks has been partly financed by Hermés. B．MycoWorks’ new leather has made a high fashion debut. C．Trays are needed when designers deal with Fine Mycelium. D．3D technology is used when MycoWorks creates its new leather. 3．What does the underlined part “havoc” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Fortune. B．Harmony. C．Evolution. D．Damage. 4．Which of the following do some experts concern most? A．The price of the new leather. B．The supply of the new leather. C．The quality of the new leather. D．The durability of the new leather. （23-24高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）New glove can translate sign language instantly through an app, researchers say California researchers developed a glove embedded with electronic sensors that can translate American Sign Language (ASL) into English in real time through an app on your smartphone. Unlike its past counterparts, the new glove is lightweight, inexpensive and long-lasting. The device could help remove communication barriers between signers and non-signers. Hopefully, this may open up an easy way for people who use sign language to communicate directly with non-signers without needing someone else to translate for them. The team worked with four people who are deaf and use ASL and had them repeat gestures up to 15 times while wearing the glove-like device, simultaneously teaching a machine how to recognize them. The glove has thin, stretchable sensors made from “electrically conducting yarns” that run up each finger and convert the movements into signals. These signals are sent to a “dollar-coin-sized” circuit board placed on the person’s wrist, which then wirelessly transfers them over to a smartphone. The system was able to recognize 660 hand motions and finger placements that stand for each letter in the English alphabet, different phrases and each number. The algorithm (计算程序) recognized the correct signs about 99% of the time, and in less than one second — or about a tone word per second. The researchers also placed sensors in between the participants eyebrows and on the sides of their mouths to “capture facial expressions that are a part of ASL”. The same exact hand-shape and movement can totally change meaning because of the facial expression that is used to accompany it. Take the word MUCH. The degree of how much can totally be determined by the facial expression alone while the sign stays the same. Researchers said the glove would need to learn more vocabulary and be able to translate signs faster in order to get a commercial version of it in stores. 1．Who is the new glove intended for? A．Translators. B．Deaf people. C．English learners. D．Sign language users. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly say about the new glove? A．Its reliability. B．Its components. C．Its working principle. D．Its broad applications. 3．How do researchers improve the glove’s correctness of recognition? A．By connecting it to smartphones. B．By catching information from more angles. C．By lengthening the time of catching gestures. D．By inputting more letters and words in English. 4．What will researchers do with the glove in the future? A．Bring it to market. B．Update its outlook. C．Extend its service life. D．Improve its performance. （23-24高二下·江苏南通·期末）Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind. To interact with the chatbot, users are first asked to answer a series of questions about themselves, their friends and family, the past experiences that shaped them, and the ideal life they envision for the future. They then upload a portrait image, which the program digitally ages to produce a likeness of the user aged 60. Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory. The final part of the system is the chatbot itself, powered by OpenAI’s GPT3.5, which introduces itself as a potential older version of the user that is able to talk about its life experiences. Users are told the “future self” is not a prediction but rather a potential future self. They are encouraged to explore different futures by changing their answers to the questionnaire. Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could. “The session gave me a perspective that is still impactful to me to this day,” he said. “From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.” 1．What can the “future self” chatbot help its users do? A．Improve their welfare. B．Inspire wise life choices. C．Polish their future selves. D．Get access to a time machine. 2．What is crucial to the production of an older version of the users? A．Their portrait image. B．Their memory ability. C．The information provided. D．The language model employed. 3．What does the underlined word “session” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Pataranutaporn’s work at MIT’s Media Lab. B．The good old days of Pataranutaporn’s parents. C．The precious time Pataranutaporm spent with his parents. D．Pataranutaporn’s most profound talk with his "future self". 4．How does Pataranutaporn comment on the effectiveness of the chatbot? A．It depends. B．It doesn’t last long. C．It will be carefully checked. D．It will be disastrous. （23-24高二下·江苏宿迁·期末）Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes, an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, they use sensors woven into its fabric to serve an entirely different purpose: teaching piano. In a study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology, which incorporates physical sensations such as vibration (震动) or force to help with learning activities. Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song. They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations, helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision. “Hand-based movements like piano playing are normally really subjective and difficult to record and transfer,” Luo says. “But with these gloves we are actually able to track a piano teacher’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their tactile learning process.” Using a computerized embroidery (刺绣) machine, the team wove small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions. When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune, a machine-learning algorithm processed their movement on the keys and translated it into instructional vibrations. Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune, with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements. By the trials’ end, students who had practiced with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not. Playing piano or video games is often just for fun, but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm, coded to identify and capture finer hand movements, the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries. “Instructional haptics remove a step in the learning process that auditory and visual learning can’t.” she says. “When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action, we can act and learn quicker and with that, there’s so much potential.” 1．What is presented in paragraph 2? A．Learning activities. B．Statistical methods. C．Theoretical models. D．Working principles. 2．What do we know about the experimental pair of gloves? A．Gloves are used to help perform surgeries. B．Wires are employed to guide hand movements. C．Gloves accelerate the students’ precision slightly. D．Smart technology is applied to process the movements. 3．What is the last paragraph intended to do? A．Introduce a global trend. B．Raise a reasonable doubt. C．Make some further predictions. D．Add some background information. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．“Smart Gloves”  Make Teaching Easier. B．Crucial Practices are Taught by “Smart Gloves”. C．“Smart Gloves” Teach Piano Playing through Touch. D．Learners can Act and Learn Quicker via “Smart Gloves”. （23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期末）Looking like something from a sci-fi movie, the SeaOrbiter was designed to tower above the waves as it made its way through some of the most unexplored parts of the world's oceans. It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs. It can host a crew of up to 22 for long-term scientific missions lasting over six months. Its scale when seen on the horizon (地平线) would have been great. While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meres, the height of Nelson's Column in London — with over half below the ocean. Designed not just to move in the seas, but also to explore their depths, six of the SeaOrbiter's twelve decks were to sit below sea level, bringing the undersea kingdom to life and providing uninterrupted underwater observation for the scientists and explorers aboard. Its goal was to pullback the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats. Despite covering 70 per cent of our planet, with only 5 per cent explored and less than 20 per cent mapped, our oceans are still largely a mystery. What's more, humans have explored less than 1 per cent of the deep ocean. In fact, we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the Moon. Construction of the 1, 000-ton ship had been due to start in 2014, but by May 2015 only the first part of the construction was successfully completed. Construction was made possible by a crowd-funding campaign. 1．What is the unique feature of the SeaOrbiter according to paragraph 1? A．Being specially designed based on a sci-fi film. B．Being shaped exactly like an unexplored tower. C．Possessing underwater platform and advanced science labs. D．Enabling 22 people to carry out long-term scientific tasks. 2．Why does the author mention Nelson's Column? A．To introduce the distant origin of the ship. B．To stress the underwater part of the ship. C．To illustrate the amazing height of the ship. D．To highlight the floating ability of the ship. 3．What do the data in paragraph 4 imply? A．Over 20 per cent of the oceans has been charted. B．There is much for us to explore about the ocean floor. C．Humans have explored only 5 per cent of the deep sea. D．The ocean floor is easier to reach than the surface of the Moon. 4．Why was the SeaOrbiter designed? A．To move in space in a usual way. B．To compete with space exploration. C．To uncover the mysteries of deep seas. D．To complete a crowd-funding campaign. （23-24高二下·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Singapore uses about 430 million gallons of water every day — a number it expects could double in the next four decades. That kind of consumption is piling pressure on the Asian city state to addressgrowing concerns about global water shortage. So it’s building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. “Singapore truly has become a global water center,” said Shane Snyder, executive director of the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University. But as it stands, it imports ap-proximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change, that water has become far less dependable. Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains, reservoirs and other water features including the world’s tallest indoor waterfall, a 130-foot Rain Vortex that pumps 10,000 gallons of wa-ter per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own, instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors. Snyder’s research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore’s water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. One development is a small, black sponge called carbon fiber aerogel that the university says can clean waste water on a mass scale. The sponge absorbs 190 times its weight in waste, contaminants and micro plastics. Another company, Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore the rest of the region. Founded in 2014, Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration device that they say has already provided clean drinking water for more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of theproduct is its simplicity. “We want people who are green hands to be able to pick up this product and know how to use it.” Pong said. The device is no bigger than a bicycle pump, yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years, according to the company. 1．On what aspect will Singaporeans focus to handle the water shortage? A．Recycling and reusing. B．Building more reservoirs. C．Reducing the consumption. D．Importing more from its neighbors. 2．What is the root cause of water shortage in Singapore? A．Most of its water is polluted. B．It has no natural water sources. C．It is an overpopulated city state. D．Water features occupied too many resources. 3．Which is a distinct feature of the sponge? A．Its portable size. B．Its cheap materials. C．Its power to purify water. D．Its function of water absorption. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Why Singapore has a water shortage recently B．Where the water shortage in Singapore is going C．Who are to blame for the water shortage in Singapore D．How Singapore is using technology to solve its water shortage 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解练习 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano. Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质), primarily potassium, sodium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function, nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively. Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu. Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵制) the loss of energy and refill it, researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method. “When there are electrolyte abnormalities, the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.” For ordinary people, the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes. The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The working principle of the device. B．The composition of sweat. C．The function of a particular sensor. D．The balance of the minerals. 2．Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch? A．accurate and popular. B．large and wearable. C．convenient and comfortable. D．reliable and stable. 3．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．The wristwatch has no equal now. B．The product hasn’t hit the market yet. C．The researchers are content with the product. D．The device will be definitely put into extensive use. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks. B．To introduce a new product on monitoring health. C．To inform the readers of the importance of eletrolytes. D．To analyze the relationship between sweat and health. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质从而监测人体健康情况的手表。 1．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyzes it in real time using a sensor chip with sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device, it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium, potassium and calcium levels respectively.(手表收集皮肤上的汗液，并使用带有敏感膜的传感器芯片实时分析。当汗液进入设备时，它会与含有三个管子的膜接触，这些管子能够分别测量钠、钾和钙的水平。)”可知，本段主要介绍该装置的工作原理。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors, the Chinese researchers emphasized the wrist watch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. (尽管他们不是第一个发明汗液传感器的人，但中国研究人员强调了手表的坚固界面，以实现长期可靠性。)”和“It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months,(它通过持续监测人体汗液超过六个月，超越了许多其他传感器的稳定性，)”可知，该手表的优点是可靠稳定。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market, the device they designed is larger and heavier, making it less comfortable to wear. However, they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. (研究人员指出，与市场上流行的健身手表相比，他们设计的设备更大、更重，佩戴起来不太舒适。然而，他们预计在未来五年内开发出适合市场应用的可穿戴汗液传感器。)”可推测，该产品还存在一些缺陷，所以应该尚未上市。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano.(中国科学院合肥物理科学研究所的科学家设计了一款手表，可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质。他们的发现发表在ACS Nano杂志上。)”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质从而监测人体健康情况的手表。故选B项。 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 1．Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A．To market Porsche cars. B．To improve an AI technology. C．To learn to be a responsible driver. D．To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 2．The problem with self-driving cars is that . A．they learn as slowly as human beings B．they operate for a very short period of time C．they have to be monitored by human drivers D．they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Employing simulators on a test track. B．Speeding the development of process. C．Figuring out the physical road dangers. D．Separating the real world from the virtual world. 4．What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A．The reliability of car software. B．The future of the sports car market. C．The driving skills of human beings. D．The quality of self-driving cars in the future. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. (开车时，Clara-Marina Martinez会记下她在路上看到的任何异常行为。然后，她将这些输入到机器学习算法中，这是一种人工智能，她正在帮助保时捷工程集团开发这种算法。)”及第二段“Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. (这些算法旨在产生一个足够可靠的系统，让汽车自动驾驶)”可知，Clara-Marina Martinez将开车时的异常输入到人工智能算法中，弥补人工智能算法的不足，使其更可靠。由此推知，Clara-Marina Martinez打算改进人工智能技术。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. (据说自动驾驶汽车不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，正如人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也是如此。机器不是快速学习者。兰德公司计算出，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车必须一年365天，每天24小时运行)”可知，自动驾驶汽车需要长时间学习如何安全驾驶，即自动驾驶汽车需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。由此推知，自动驾驶汽车的问题是：需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线处上句“Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality.(因此，保时捷等汽车制造商使用模拟器加快了开发过程。这些教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险)”以及“Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”(马丁内斯博士和她的同事们使用了“游戏引擎”)”可知，“this”指代Martinez博士和她的同事用“游戏引擎”教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险。C项：Figuring out the physical road dangers.(能够识别道路危险)合乎题意。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away? (不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有另一个问题。鉴于拥有跑车的大部分原因是为了让车主炫耀他们的驾驶技能，对于软件剥夺了那些炫耀的权利这一版本，市场会有多大？)”可知，买跑车的原因是为了炫技，但软件剥夺了车主炫技的权利。由此推知，保时捷公司担心跑车市场的未来。故选B。 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Plant- based leathers have the potential to revolutionize the fashion industry. Now, MycoWorks, a California based biotech company, has created a new eco-friendly, vegetal leather derived from mushrooms. The leather turns mycelium (菌丝体) — threads from the root structure of mushrooms — into a material that imitates the look and feel of an animal- based leather. “It’s the first time that a company has been able to produce a vegetal product which is matching or even exceeding the quality and durability of a natural one. It’s a super achievement,” Patrick Thomas, former Hermés CEO and a member of MycoWorks board of directors, said in a statement. MycoWorks creates this special material by using engineered mycelium cells. As the cells grow into 3D structures, they become densely intertwined (交织的), eventually forming a tough material, called Fine Mycelium, which has the strength, durability and performance of the traditional leather. The result differs from other vegetal leathers made with mushrooms. Most mushroom leathers are made from compressed solid foam that mycelium forms naturally, but without engineering, they lack the same look and feel as an animal-based leather. Fine Mycelium can grow in trays (托盘). These trays can be designed to fit a designer’s exact specifications, avoiding any waste. After Fine Mycelium is harvested, it is tanned (鞣色) and finished to look and feel like an animal leather. Last year, luxury fashion brand Hermés debuted (推出（新产品）；首演) their Victoria bag, which featured MycoWork’s Fine Mycelium material. Other companies, including Adidas with their Mylo-made Stan Smith shoes and Lululemon with their mushroom-based yoga products, have also jumped on the eco-friendly trend. The use of plant-based leathers comes during a time when scientists and innovators are trying to come up with solutions for the climate crisis and animal agriculture. Environmentally, manufacturing animal-based leathers creates havoc because of deforestation and methane (甲烷) emissions connected to the animals raised for leathers. However, some experts criticize the new mushroom-based leather because it is currently only available as a rare item. For the material to be a truly sustainable option and make a major impact, it would need to be more accessible. They question whether the company can provide designers with enough material to create their products. 1．What is special about MycoWorks’ new leather? A．It is the first to be made from mycelium. B．It is an eco-friendly and vegetal produce. C．It is comparable with the animal-based leather. D．It is the first-ever mushroom-based leather. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．MycoWorks has been partly financed by Hermés. B．MycoWorks’ new leather has made a high fashion debut. C．Trays are needed when designers deal with Fine Mycelium. D．3D technology is used when MycoWorks creates its new leather. 3．What does the underlined part “havoc” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Fortune. B．Harmony. C．Evolution. D．Damage. 4．Which of the following do some experts concern most? A．The price of the new leather. B．The supply of the new leather. C．The quality of the new leather. D．The durability of the new leather. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了一家生物技术公司MycoWorks研制出了一种新的环保植物皮革，这种皮革将菌丝体转化为一种模仿动物皮革外观和触感的材料。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s the first time that a company has been able to produce a vegetal product which is matching or even exceeding the quality and durability of a natural one.( 这是第一次有公司能够生产出质量和耐久性与天然产品相当甚至超过天然产品的植物产品)”可知，MycoWorks公司的新皮革的独特之处在于，这是第一次有公司能够生产出与动物皮革相匹配甚至超过其质量和耐用性的植物产品。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Last year, luxury fashion brand Hermés debuted(推出(新产品)；首演) their Victoria bag, which featured MycoWork’s Fine Mycelium material. (去年，奢侈时尚品牌爱马仕推出了他们的维多利亚包，这款包采用了MycoWork的Fine菌丝体材料)”可知，MycoWorks的新皮革首次在高级时装上亮相。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“because of deforestation and methane(甲烷) emissions connected to the animals raised for leathers(因为森林砍伐和甲烷排放与为皮革而饲养的动物有关)”可知，动物皮革在环境方面造成了严重的破坏，所以划线词与damage“破坏”意思相近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, some experts criticize the new mushroom- based leather because it is currently only available as a rare item. For the material to be a truly sustainable option and make a major impact, it would need to be more accessible. They question whether the company can provide designers with enough material to create their products.( 然而，一些专家批评这种以蘑菇为基础的新皮革，因为它目前只作为稀有物品。为了使材料成为真正可持续的选择并产生重大影响，它需要更容易获得。他们质疑该公司能否为设计师提供足够的材料来创造他们的产品)”可知，一些专家担心这种皮革的供应。故选B。 （23-24高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）New glove can translate sign language instantly through an app, researchers say California researchers developed a glove embedded with electronic sensors that can translate American Sign Language (ASL) into English in real time through an app on your smartphone. Unlike its past counterparts, the new glove is lightweight, inexpensive and long-lasting. The device could help remove communication barriers between signers and non-signers. Hopefully, this may open up an easy way for people who use sign language to communicate directly with non-signers without needing someone else to translate for them. The team worked with four people who are deaf and use ASL and had them repeat gestures up to 15 times while wearing the glove-like device, simultaneously teaching a machine how to recognize them. The glove has thin, stretchable sensors made from “electrically conducting yarns” that run up each finger and convert the movements into signals. These signals are sent to a “dollar-coin-sized” circuit board placed on the person’s wrist, which then wirelessly transfers them over to a smartphone. The system was able to recognize 660 hand motions and finger placements that stand for each letter in the English alphabet, different phrases and each number. The algorithm (计算程序) recognized the correct signs about 99% of the time, and in less than one second — or about a tone word per second. The researchers also placed sensors in between the participants eyebrows and on the sides of their mouths to “capture facial expressions that are a part of ASL”. The same exact hand-shape and movement can totally change meaning because of the facial expression that is used to accompany it. Take the word MUCH. The degree of how much can totally be determined by the facial expression alone while the sign stays the same. Researchers said the glove would need to learn more vocabulary and be able to translate signs faster in order to get a commercial version of it in stores. 1．Who is the new glove intended for? A．Translators. B．Deaf people. C．English learners. D．Sign language users. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly say about the new glove? A．Its reliability. B．Its components. C．Its working principle. D．Its broad applications. 3．How do researchers improve the glove’s correctness of recognition? A．By connecting it to smartphones. B．By catching information from more angles. C．By lengthening the time of catching gestures. D．By inputting more letters and words in English. 4．What will researchers do with the glove in the future? A．Bring it to market. B．Update its outlook. C．Extend its service life. D．Improve its performance. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型手套，该手套由加州研究人员开发，内置传感器，能通过智能手机应用把美国手语实时翻译为英语，促进手语与非手语使用者间的沟通。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The device could help remove communication barriers between signers and non-signers. Hopefully, this may open up an easy way for people who use sign language to communicate directly with non-signers without needing someone else to translate for them. (该设备可以帮助消除手语使用者和非手语使用之间的沟通障碍。希望这能为使用手语的人与不使用手语的人直接交流开辟一条简单的途径，而不需要别人为他们翻译)”可知，这款新手套是为手语使用者设计的。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The glove has thin, stretchable sensors made from “electrically conducting yarns” that run up each finger and convert the movements into signals. These signals are sent to a “dollar-coin-sized” circuit board placed on the person’s wrist, which then wirelessly transfers them over to a smartphone. (这款手套有细长的可伸缩传感器，由“导电纱线”制成，每个手指上都有传感器，可以将动作转化为信号。这些信号被发送到放置在人手腕上的一个“一美元硬币大小”的电路板上，然后被无线传输到智能手机上)”可知，本段主要介绍了这款新手套的工作原理。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“The researchers also placed sensors in between the participants eyebrows and on the sides of their mouths to “capture facial expressions that are a part of ASL”. (研究人员还在参与者的眉毛之间和嘴侧放置了传感器，以“捕捉作为美国手语一部分的面部表情”)”可推知，研究人员通过从更多角度捕捉手语的信息来提高手套的识别准确性。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the glove would need to learn more vocabulary and be able to translate signs faster in order to get a commercial version of it in stores. (研究人员表示，这款手套需要学习更多的词汇，并能够更快地翻译手语，才能在商店中销售)”可推知，在未来，研究人员将进一步提高这款手套的性能。故选D项。 （23-24高二下·江苏南通·期末）Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind. To interact with the chatbot, users are first asked to answer a series of questions about themselves, their friends and family, the past experiences that shaped them, and the ideal life they envision for the future. They then upload a portrait image, which the program digitally ages to produce a likeness of the user aged 60. Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory. The final part of the system is the chatbot itself, powered by OpenAI’s GPT3.5, which introduces itself as a potential older version of the user that is able to talk about its life experiences. Users are told the “future self” is not a prediction but rather a potential future self. They are encouraged to explore different futures by changing their answers to the questionnaire. Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could. “The session gave me a perspective that is still impactful to me to this day,” he said. “From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.” 1．What can the “future self” chatbot help its users do? A．Improve their welfare. B．Inspire wise life choices. C．Polish their future selves. D．Get access to a time machine. 2．What is crucial to the production of an older version of the users? A．Their portrait image. B．Their memory ability. C．The information provided. D．The language model employed. 3．What does the underlined word “session” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Pataranutaporn’s work at MIT’s Media Lab. B．The good old days of Pataranutaporn’s parents. C．The precious time Pataranutaporm spent with his parents. D．Pataranutaporn’s most profound talk with his "future self". 4．How does Pataranutaporn comment on the effectiveness of the chatbot? A．It depends. B．It doesn’t last long. C．It will be carefully checked. D．It will be disastrous. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。详细介绍了麻省理工学院（MIT）研究人员开发的一款基于人工智能（AI）的聊天机器人，这款聊天机器人能够模拟用户的未来自我，并给出观察和智慧。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind.(麻省理工学院(MIT)的研究人员在没有现成的时光机的情况下，制造了一个人工智能聊天机器人，它可以模拟用户的老年自我，并提供观察和智慧。它有可能显著影响人们在考虑未来福祉的情况下做出决定的方式)”可知，“future self”聊天机器人可以帮助用户做出明智的生活选择，考虑未来的福祉。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory.(接下来，该程序将用户回答中的信息输入一个大型语言模型，该模型为模拟的老年自我生成丰富的合成记忆。这确保了当聊天机器人回答问题时，它会利用相关的背景故事)”可知，用户提供的信息对于生成用户老年版是至关重要的。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据前文“Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could.(Pataranutaporn在麻省理工学院媒体实验室从事“未来你”项目，他已经和“未来的自己”进行了几次对话，但他说，最深刻的一次是聊天机器人提醒他，他的父母不会永远在身边，所以他应该尽可能多地和他们在一起)”可知，本段提到了“最深刻的”一次与“未来的自己”的对话，这次对话给了他一个至今仍然对他有影响力的视角。因此，“session”指的是Pataranutaporn与他的“未来的自己”最深刻的对话。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.”(他补充说：“从实际的角度来看，效果可能取决于它能在多大程度上模拟有意义和相关的对话。”“如果用户认为聊天机器人真诚而有洞察力，它可能会对他们的行为产生重大影响。然而，如果互动感觉很肤浅，那么影响可能是有限的。”)”可知，Pataranutaporn认为聊天机器人的有效性取决于它模拟有意义和相关对话的能力，即“取决于情况”。故选A项。 （23-24高二下·江苏宿迁·期末）Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes, an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, they use sensors woven into its fabric to serve an entirely different purpose: teaching piano. In a study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology, which incorporates physical sensations such as vibration (震动) or force to help with learning activities. Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song. They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations, helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision. “Hand-based movements like piano playing are normally really subjective and difficult to record and transfer,” Luo says. “But with these gloves we are actually able to track a piano teacher’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their tactile learning process.” Using a computerized embroidery (刺绣) machine, the team wove small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions. When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune, a machine-learning algorithm processed their movement on the keys and translated it into instructional vibrations. Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune, with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements. By the trials’ end, students who had practiced with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not. Playing piano or video games is often just for fun, but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm, coded to identify and capture finer hand movements, the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries. “Instructional haptics remove a step in the learning process that auditory and visual learning can’t.” she says. “When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action, we can act and learn quicker and with that, there’s so much potential.” 1．What is presented in paragraph 2? A．Learning activities. B．Statistical methods. C．Theoretical models. D．Working principles. 2．What do we know about the experimental pair of gloves? A．Gloves are used to help perform surgeries. B．Wires are employed to guide hand movements. C．Gloves accelerate the students’ precision slightly. D．Smart technology is applied to process the movements. 3．What is the last paragraph intended to do? A．Introduce a global trend. B．Raise a reasonable doubt. C．Make some further predictions. D．Add some background information. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．“Smart Gloves”  Make Teaching Easier. B．Crucial Practices are Taught by “Smart Gloves”. C．“Smart Gloves” Teach Piano Playing through Touch. D．Learners can Act and Learn Quicker via “Smart Gloves”. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究团队开发了一款智能手套，利用织入布料的传感器，通过振动教授钢琴演奏，成功帮助学习者构建肌肉记忆，提高演奏精度。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology, which incorporates physical sensations such as vibration (震动) or force to help with learning activities. Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song. They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations, helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision.(在一项研究中，麻省理工学院的研究生Yiyue Luo和她的同事们利用先进技术创造了这些“智能手套”，这种手套融合了如震动或力量等物理感知，以辅助学习活动。研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后，他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生，帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆，并更精确地演奏乐曲)”可知，在第二段中呈现了“智能手套”的工作原理。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology, which incorporates physical sensations such as vibration or force to help with learning activities.(在一项研究中，麻省理工学院的研究生Yiyue Luo和她的同事们利用先进技术创造了这些“智能手套”，这种手套融合了如震动或力量等物理感知，以辅助学习活动)”、第四段中“Using a computerized embroidery (刺绣) machine, the team wove small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions.(使用电脑刺绣机器，该团队编织了一些小电线，连接到手套中的压力感应材料，以检测手部运动)”和最后一段中“with an improved algorithm, coded to identify and capture finer hand movements(通过改进算法，这种新手套技术可以识别和捕捉更精细的手部动作)”可知，实验手套运用了智能技术来处理手部动作。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Playing piano or video games is often just for fun, but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm, coded to identify and capture finer hand movements, the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries.(弹钢琴或玩视频游戏通常只是为了娱乐，但莱斯大学机械工程师O’Malley补充说，借助改进的算法，编码以识别和捕捉更精细的手部动作，新的手套技术将来有可能帮助教授如手术这类至关重要的技能)”可知，最后一段旨在对未来的用途做出预测。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes, an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, they use sensors woven into its fabric to serve an entirely different purpose: teaching piano.(由薄棉布制成，仅需20分钟即可缝制完成，这款实验性质的手套既不时尚，对于保暖也没有什么用处。相反，它们利用嵌入织物中的传感器来实现一个截然不同的目的：教授钢琴演奏技巧)”可知，本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究团队开发了一款智能手套，利用织入布料的传感器，通过振动教授钢琴演奏，成功帮助学习者构建肌肉记忆，提高演奏精度，故C项“‘智能手套’通过触摸教授钢琴演奏”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 （23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期末）Looking like something from a sci-fi movie, the SeaOrbiter was designed to tower above the waves as it made its way through some of the most unexplored parts of the world's oceans. It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs. It can host a crew of up to 22 for long-term scientific missions lasting over six months. Its scale when seen on the horizon (地平线) would have been great. While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meres, the height of Nelson's Column in London — with over half below the ocean. Designed not just to move in the seas, but also to explore their depths, six of the SeaOrbiter's twelve decks were to sit below sea level, bringing the undersea kingdom to life and providing uninterrupted underwater observation for the scientists and explorers aboard. Its goal was to pullback the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats. Despite covering 70 per cent of our planet, with only 5 per cent explored and less than 20 per cent mapped, our oceans are still largely a mystery. What's more, humans have explored less than 1 per cent of the deep ocean. In fact, we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the Moon. Construction of the 1, 000-ton ship had been due to start in 2014, but by May 2015 only the first part of the construction was successfully completed. Construction was made possible by a crowd-funding campaign. 1．What is the unique feature of the SeaOrbiter according to paragraph 1? A．Being specially designed based on a sci-fi film. B．Being shaped exactly like an unexplored tower. C．Possessing underwater platform and advanced science labs. D．Enabling 22 people to carry out long-term scientific tasks. 2．Why does the author mention Nelson's Column? A．To introduce the distant origin of the ship. B．To stress the underwater part of the ship. C．To illustrate the amazing height of the ship. D．To highlight the floating ability of the ship. 3．What do the data in paragraph 4 imply? A．Over 20 per cent of the oceans has been charted. B．There is much for us to explore about the ocean floor. C．Humans have explored only 5 per cent of the deep sea. D．The ocean floor is easier to reach than the surface of the Moon. 4．Why was the SeaOrbiter designed? A．To move in space in a usual way. B．To compete with space exploration. C．To uncover the mysteries of deep seas. D．To complete a crowd-funding campaign. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SeaOrbiter这一独特船只设计，旨在通过其高耸的漂浮塔形态、水下平台和先进科学实验室来探索海洋深处，特别是人类尚未充分探索的区域，从而增进对海洋的了解。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs.”（这是一艘令人惊叹的船，以水下平台和先进的科学实验室为主要特征。）可知，SeaOrbiter的独特特征是它拥有的功能——一个水下平台和先进的科学实验室。故选C。 2． 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meters, the height of Nelson's Column in London—with over half below the ocean.”（现代的船只通常平放在水面上，大部分重量都分布在水面上，而SeaOrbiter则像一座漂浮的塔，总高度达到51米，与伦敦纳尔逊纪念柱的高度相当——其中超过一半位于海面以下。）可知，作者提到纳尔逊纪念柱是为了与SeaOrbiter的高度进行比较，从而来说明这艘船的惊人高度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Despite covering 70 per cent of our planet, with only 5 per cent explored and less than 20 per cent mapped, our oceans are still largely a mystery. What's more, humans have explored less than 1 per cent of the deep ocean. In fact, we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the Moon.”（尽管海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%，但只有5%被探索过，不到20%被绘制成地图，我们的海洋仍然在很大程度上是一个谜。更重要的是，人类对深海的探索还不到1%。事实上，我们对海底的了解比对月球表面的了解还少。） 可知，这一段数据暗示了海洋，特别是其深海部分，仍然有许多未知等待我们去探索。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Its goal was to pullback the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats.”（它的目标是揭开大自然最未被探索的栖息地之一的面纱。）可知，SeaOrbiter的设计目的是探索海洋的深处，特别是那些尚未被人类充分探索的区域。故选C。 （23-24高二下·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Singapore uses about 430 million gallons of water every day — a number it expects could double in the next four decades. That kind of consumption is piling pressure on the Asian city state to addressgrowing concerns about global water shortage. So it’s building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. “Singapore truly has become a global water center,” said Shane Snyder, executive director of the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University. But as it stands, it imports ap-proximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change, that water has become far less dependable. Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains, reservoirs and other water features including the world’s tallest indoor waterfall, a 130-foot Rain Vortex that pumps 10,000 gallons of wa-ter per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own, instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors. Snyder’s research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore’s water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. One development is a small, black sponge called carbon fiber aerogel that the university says can clean waste water on a mass scale. The sponge absorbs 190 times its weight in waste, contaminants and micro plastics. Another company, Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore the rest of the region. Founded in 2014, Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration device that they say has already provided clean drinking water for more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of theproduct is its simplicity. “We want people who are green hands to be able to pick up this product and know how to use it.” Pong said. The device is no bigger than a bicycle pump, yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years, according to the company. 1．On what aspect will Singaporeans focus to handle the water shortage? A．Recycling and reusing. B．Building more reservoirs. C．Reducing the consumption. D．Importing more from its neighbors. 2．What is the root cause of water shortage in Singapore? A．Most of its water is polluted. B．It has no natural water sources. C．It is an overpopulated city state. D．Water features occupied too many resources. 3．Which is a distinct feature of the sponge? A．Its portable size. B．Its cheap materials. C．Its power to purify water. D．Its function of water absorption. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Why Singapore has a water shortage recently B．Where the water shortage in Singapore is going C．Who are to blame for the water shortage in Singapore D．How Singapore is using technology to solve its water shortage 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新加坡如何利用科技解决水资源短缺的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中“One development is a small, black sponge called carbon fiber aerogel that the university says can clean waste water on a mass scale.(其中一项进展是一种被称为碳纤维气凝胶的小型黑色海绵，该大学称这种海绵可以大规模清洁废水。)”以及“Founded in 2014, Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration device that they say has already provided clean drinking water for more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia.(成立于2014年的Watereroam公司表示，他们开发了一种轻便的便携式过滤设备，已经为东南亚超过7.5万人提供了清洁的饮用水。)”可知，新加坡人将从回收再利用着手解决水资源短缺问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it has no natural water sources of its own, instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors.(但它没有自己的天然水源，而是严重依赖循环水和从邻国进口。)”可知，新加坡缺水的根本原因是没有天然水源。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中“One development is a small, black sponge called carbon fiber aerogel that the university says can clean waste water on a mass scale.(其中一项进展是一种被称为碳纤维气凝胶的小型黑色海绵，该大学称这种海绵可以大规模清洁废水。)”可知，海绵的一个显著特征是它净化水的能力。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第一段中“Snyder’s research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore’s water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. (斯奈德的研究机构是为新加坡的水依赖问题开发解决方案的几个地方之一。他们希望创造出可以在整个城市使用的项目。)”可知，本文主要讲述了新加坡如何利用科技解决水资源短缺的问题。D项符合主题，故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$