【春考特训课】第02讲：单项选择之代词部分重点难点 - 【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习（重庆专用）

第02讲： 单项选择及句式转换之代词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 代词近几年主要针对人称代词的主格，宾格以及物主代词，尤其是名词性物主代词的考察居多，需要引起重视。代词在具体语境当中的使用，需要根据具体的理解和用法进行把握和分析。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　代词的定义 代词是代替人或事物名称的词，也就是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、从句和句子的词。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用，代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词等。其句法功能和名词一样，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语以及定语。 知识点二　代词的分类 考点 内容解读 近四年对口高职考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。重点考查人称代词和不定代词的正确使用。 2020年 —— 2021年 7.People in Wuhan thanked the doctors for Saving their lives.(单项选择) 知识点三　 代词的具体功能和作用 知识点一　人称代词 表示“你”“我”“他”“她”“它”“你们”“我们”“他们”等的词被称为人称代词。人称代词有单数和复数、主格和宾格之分，并且第三人称单数有性别之分。具体见下表。 形式 单数 复数 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he(他) him(他) they them she(她) her(她) it(它) it(它) 1. 人称代词作主语 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。 如： I often go shopping on Sundays. 我常在星期天购物。 Are they from China? 他们来自中国吗？ Where has she gone? 她上哪儿去了？ 2. 人称代词作宾语 (1)人称代词的宾格放在及物动词之后作宾语。 如： Who teaches you English this year? 今年谁教你们英语？ Help me! 救救我！ Do you know her? 你认识她吗？ He gave them a gift last week. 上周他给了他们一份礼物。 (2)人称代词的宾格放在介词之后作宾语。 如： We often write letters to him 我们常给他写信。 When I am out, you must take good care of them. 当我外出的时候，你必须照顾好他们。 3. 人称代词作表语 人称代词作表语或者放在引导比较状语从句连词的than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格形式。 如： I am shorter than him. 我比他矮。 She runs as fast as me. 她跑得和我一样快。 注意：在包含双宾语的句子中，若直接宾语是人称代词it或them时，间接宾语放在直接宾语的后面。 如： Please pass it to me. 请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.) 模拟练习： (　　)1. Neither ________ nor________ likes playing football. A. he; I B. me; him C. I; he D. my; his (　　)2. Could you help ________ with my English? A. him B. her C. me D. them (　　)3. Miss Qin teaches ________ English. A. our B. we C. us D. ours (　　)4. —Can I eat ________？ —Yes, ________ are so yummy. A. them; they B. they; their C. they; they D. them; them (　　)5. Mum, let ________ help ________ with the housework. A. I; your B. me; your C. I; you D. me; you 4. 代词it的用法 指代前面提到的单个事物或不可数名词 I like eating steak because it is delicious. 我喜欢吃牛排因为它很美味。 This is not my book. It's Jim's. 这不是我的书，是吉姆的。 代替指示代词this和that —What is this? 这是什么？　　　　 —It's an apple. 这是一个苹果。 —What is that? 那是什么？　　　　 —It's an elephant. 那是一头大象。 指婴儿或不明身份的人 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is. 有人在敲门，请去看看是谁。 Look at Tom's baby. It's very lovely. 看汤姆的宝贝， 好可爱。 表示时间、天气、距离、季节、金钱等 It's five o'clock now. 现在五点了。(指时间) It rained yesterday. 昨天下雨了。(指天气) It is ten kilometers from my home to the school. 从我家到学校10千米。(指距离) 4. 代词it的用法 作形式主语 ①It takes (sb.) some time/some money to do sth.(不定式是主语，it是形式主语) It took me two hours to see the film last night. 昨天晚上看这部电影花了我两个小时。 ②It's＋adj.＋of/for sb.＋to do sth. It's difficult for me to finish the work in two days． 对我来说，两天内完成这项工作很难。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你真好，给我提供帮助。 ③It is time (for sb.) to do sth./It is time＋that从句 It's time that we have to protect the earth. 我们该保护地球了。 It's time to go home. 该回家了。 ④It seems/seemed＋that从句 It seems that she does better now than yesterday. 她现在做得似乎比昨天更好。 ⑤It is (has been)＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时 It's ten years since I came here. 我来这里十年了。 ⑥It's one's turn to do sth. It's your turn to clean the classroom. 轮到你打扫教室了。 ⑦It's＋adj.＋that从句 It's clear that you are right. 很明显你是对的。 ⑧It is the first (second、 third...) time＋that从句(从句用现在完成时) It's the first time that I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里。 作形式宾语 常用于think、 find、 feel、 make 之后。 I think it no use talking with you. 我认为跟你交谈是没有用的。 I find it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。 强调句型 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分 It was yesterday that I met my old friend. 我是昨天碰见老朋友的。 It was he who helped me a lot. 是他帮了我许多。 知识点二　物主代词 物主代词是表示所属关系的代词，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。具体见下表 形式 单数 复数 人称 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its 1. 形容词性物主代词 (1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，放在名词前作定语。名词前使用了形容词性物主代词，就不再用冠词、指示代词、不定代词等。形容词性物主代词与own连用可以加强语气。“one's own＋名词”或“名词＋of＋one's own”意为“某人自己的”。 如： Is that your umbrella？那是你的伞吗？ I won't believe it unless I see it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼所见，否则我是不会相信的 She wants to have a computer of her own. 她想拥有一台自己的电脑。 This is her pencil box. 这是她的铅笔盒。 (2)形容词性物主代词构成的固定短语。 try one's best to do sth. 努力做某事　　　　 do one's homework 做家庭作业 lose one's way 迷路 on one's way to 去……的路上 2. 名词性物主代词 (1)名词性物主代词常用来避免重复前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面不可再跟名词。 如： This is your cup, but where is mine? 这是你的杯子，可我的在哪儿？(mine＝my cup) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. 你们的教室很大，可我们的相当小。(ours＝our classroom) The beautiful skirt is hers. 那件漂亮的裙子是她的。(her＝her skirt) Our school is here, and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这里，他们的在那里。(theirs＝their school) —Is this book yours? 这本书是你的吗？(yours＝your book) —No. Mine is in my bag. 不，我的在书包里。(mine＝my book) I have already finished my homework. Have you finished yours？(yours＝your homework) 我已经完成了我的作业，你的完成了吗？ (2)“of＋名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格，作定语时放在名词的后面，相当于“of＋名词所有格”，表示什么中的一部分或一个。 a cat of hers 她的一只猫 a friend of yours 你的一个朋友 three books of mine 我的三本书 如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. 我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。 (指若干朋友中有一个来看我) 模拟练习2 (　　)1. —Your brother is very cute. —Yes, ________ is. ________ eyes are so big. A. he; Him B. he; He C. his; His D. he; His (　　)2. Tom, a student of ________ will go abroad for further study. A. I B. me C. mine D. my (　　)3. ________ name is Mike and ________ name is Helen. A. His; her B. He; my C. You; she D. Your; I (　　)4. Doctors, nurses and scientists did ________ best to help the people that got sick. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs (　　)5. There is something wrong with ________ car. Can I use ________？ A. my; your B. my; yours C. mine; yours D. me; you 知识点三　反身代词 表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”“他们自己”等的词叫作反身代词。具体见下表。 形式 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself(他自己) themselves herself(她自己) itself(它自己) 1. 反身代词作宾语 反身代词位于动词或介词之后作宾语表示一个动作回到该动作执行者本身，也就是当宾语和主语是同一个人或事物时，宾语用反身代词。 如： Don't play with the knife. You might hurt yourself． 不要玩刀，会割伤你自己的。 We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last weekend. 上周末的晚会上，我们确实玩得很开心。 She teaches herself English when she is free. 她空闲时就自学英语。 I cut myself yesterday. 昨天我割伤了自己。 注: 常见的带反身代词作宾语的固定短语 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 hurt oneself 伤了自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学 look after oneself 照顾自己 help oneself to sth. 随便吃 teach oneself 自学 dress oneself 给自己穿衣 make yourself at home 别拘束 say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独自，独立地 of oneself 自动地 for oneself 为了自己 think to oneself 心想 introduce oneself 做自我介绍 如： Mr. Li, please speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. 李老师，请讲大声点，这样你就可以让自己被听见了。 Boys and girls, help yourselves to some apples. 孩子们，随便吃点苹果。 Although she has three children, she lives by herself. 虽然她有三个孩子，但她独自生活。 make yourself＋过去分词 使自己被别人…… 2. 反身代词作同位语 反身代词在句子中可作主语或宾语的同位语，表示强调，即用来强调名词或代词。 如： The story itself is good. Only he didn't tell it well. 故事本身是好的，只是他没有讲好。 You heard the news yourself. 你是亲耳听到这消息的。 I myself worked out the difficult problem. 我自己解决了这个难题。 3. 反身代词作表语 反身代词常与be, look, feel, seem连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 如： I don't know what is wrong with me. I am not myself today. 我不知道自己怎么了，今天我感到不舒服。 模拟练习3 (　　)1. —Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? —Sure. I see it as a chance to prove ________. A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you (　)2. Nobody taught the old lady how to use WeChat. She learned it by ________. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers ( )3. Liu Hulan died for a good cause. She thought more of others than ________. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself (　)4. —Help ________ to the chicken, Tom and Jim. —Thank you. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves (　　)5. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn't enjoy ________. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 知识点四　指示代词 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物的词叫作指示代词，其在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常用指示代词见下表。 指示代词 含义 this(这个)、these(这些) 指较近的人或物 that(那个)、those(那些) 指较远的人或物 such(这样的人或物) 指上文提过的人或物 same(同样的人或物) 指和上文提过的相同的人或物 it(这人或物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么 1. 指示代词既可以单独使用作句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。 如： What's this? 这是什么？(主语) That model plane is made of plastic. 那只模型飞机是塑料做的。(定语) Remember never to do such things. 记住永远不要做这样的事情。(定语) Do the same as the teacher tells you. 按老师说的做。(宾语) 2. that 和those可指前面提到过的事物， this 和these可指下面将要讲到的事物。 如： I had a cold. That is why I didn't come. 我感冒了，那就是我没来的原因。 3. 在比较状语从句中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 和those代替前面比较的内容。that可以代替不可数名词或可数名词的单数，等同于the one; those只能代替可数名词复数，等同于the ones、 those ones。 如：The mountains here aren't as tall as those in Chongqing. (those指代mountains) The weather in Sanya is better than that in Xi'an. (that 指代weather) The cars made in Germany are much better than those made in Japan. (those指代cars) 4. it特指上文提到的人或同类中的另一个人或物相当于“the＋名词”，one 泛指同类人或事物中的一个(同类不同物)相当于“a/an＋名词”。 如： I bought a new cell phone. It's very powerful. 我买了一部新手机。它的功能非常强大。 —Who has an EnglishChinese dictionary? 谁有英汉词典？ —I have one. 我有一本。 5. 电话用语里常用this代表自己，用that代表对方。 如： —This is Lily. Who is that? 我是莉莉，你是谁？ —This is Mary. 我是玛丽。 知识点五　不定代词 代替或修饰不确定的人或事物的代词叫作不定代词。根据词的构成，不定代词可分为个体不定代词和复合不定代词。 1. 个体不定代词 个体不定代词主要有some、 any、 much、 many、 a little、 little、 a few、 few、 all、 both、 neither、 each、 other、 another、 one等。 2. 复合不定代词 复合不定代词主要有something、 someone、 somebody、 anything、 anyone、 anybody、 nothing、 nobody、 no one、 everything、 everyone、 everybody等。 3. 常用不定代词的用法与区别 (1)every和each。 every (adj.) 用于三者或三者以上，表示整体概念， 只能作定语修饰单数名词； every、 everyone后不可跟of， 但every one 后可跟of each (pron.) 用于两者或两者以上，表示单个概念， 可作主语、宾语、定语等； each后可跟of 如： Every student in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。(定语) They each have something to do. 他们人人都有事干。(同位语) Our English teacher gave each of us an EnglishChinese dictionary last week. (√) 上星期英语老师给了我们每人一本英汉词典。 My mother gave every of us a beautiful watch on Children's Day. (×) 六一儿童节妈妈给了我们每人一块漂亮的手表。 Every one of us must finish a task in three days. (√) 我们每个人三天之内必须完成一个任务。 注 “every other＋可数名词单数”表示“每隔一……”，“every＋数词＋可数名词复数”表示“每几……”。 every other week 每隔一周 every two years 每两年(每隔一年) every other line 每隔一行 every four miles 每四英里(每隔三英里) (2)both、 either和neither。 ①both、 either和neither的表示范围均为两者，但各自意思不同。both表示“两者都”， either表示“两者之一”， neither表示“两者都不”。三个词在句中均可作主语、宾语或定语， both还可作同位语。both作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。either、 neither作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。作定语时，both修饰复数名词，either和neither 修饰单数名词。 如： Neither of them likes English. 他俩都不喜欢英语。(主语) Both of the questions are difficult. 这两个问题都挺难。(主语) Either of the rooms is comfortable. 两个房间中有一个是舒服的。(主语) I don't care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. 我不介意喝什么，两个之中随便哪个都行。 There are many trees on both sides of the street. ＝There are many trees on each side of the street. ＝There are many trees on either side of the street. 街道两旁有许多树。 ②由both、 either和neither构成的固定搭配有both...and...、 either...or...、 neither... nor...；both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；either...or...、 neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。 如： Both he and she are my good friends. 他和她都是我的好朋友。 Neither he nor I am from America. 我和他都不是美国人。 Either you or he has taken this book. 不是你就是他拿了这本书。 (3)all 和none。 ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词，也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。all可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。 如： I have read all of the four books on the table. 桌子上的四本书我全看过。(宾语) All students are hardworking. 所有学生都很勤奋。(宾语) ②all 用在含有否定词的句中表示部分否定，全部否定应用none。 如： All of us don't know the person. 并非我们所有人都认识这个人。 None of us knows/know the person. 我们都不认识这个人。 (4)few、 a few、 little和a little。 few、 little意为“几乎没有”，表示否定； a few意为“有几个”a little意为“有点儿”，表示肯定。few、 a few与可数名词复数连用或代替可数的人或事物， little、 a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语。 如： He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷，几乎没有什么钱。(定语) There is much water in the bottle, but I only drank a little. 瓶里有很多水，但我只喝了一点。(宾语) Few of them know me. 他们中几乎没有人认识我。(主语) (5)some和 any。 ①some一般用于肯定句中，意为“几个”“一些”“某个”，修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词。 如： I have some work to do today. 今天我有些工作要做。 They will go there some day. 他们有朝一日会去那儿。 ②some 用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 如： Would you like some coffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡吗？(建议) Could you give me some advice on this? 你能给我一些关于这个的建议吗？(请求) Do you have some coins? 你有硬币吗？(希望得到肯定的回答) ③any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，意为“一些”，修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词。 如： They didn't have any friends here. 他们在这里没有朋友。 Have you got any work experience? 你有工作经验吗？ ④any 用于肯定句时，意为“任何的”。 如： Come here with any friend. 随便带什么朋友来吧。 (6)many和much。 ①many意为“很多”，代替或修饰可数名词复数；much意为“很多”，代替或修饰不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。much还可作副词，修饰形容词、副词的比较级。 如： I don't have many friends there. 在这里我没有很多的朋友。(定语) We can learn much with the help of you. 在你的帮助之下我们能学到很多。(宾语) He does homework much more carefully than you, you have to admit. 他做作业比你认真得多。(状语) ②much too 与 too much的区别： much too意为“太”，在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于程度副词，后跟形容词或副词，语气上比too强烈； too much意为“太多”，相当于形容词或者代词，后跟不可数名词，在句中可作宾语或定语。 如：Eating too much meet is bad for you. 吃太多肉对你没有好处。 She is much too beautiful. 她太漂亮了。 He runs much too fast. 他跑得太快了。 ③many、 much＝a lot of, lots of, plenty of。 如： There are many/a lot of/lots of people on the playground. 操场上有很多人。 They haven't got much/a lot of/lots of work to do. 他们没有多少事情可做。 (7)a lot of、 lots of、 a number of、 large numbers of、 a great deal of和plenty of这六个“名词＋介词”短语都表示“大量的，许多的”， a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，还可以相应地换为much或many; a number of、 large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词的复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)，可以换为many、 a lot of、 plenty of; a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)，可以换为much 如： Plenty of people think that time is money. 许多人认为时间就是金钱。 I don't have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time． 我不必着急做它，因为我有充足的时间。 I have a number of letters to write today. 今天我有好多信要写。 I spent a great deal of money on shopping. 在购物方面我花费了大量的金钱。 (8)no和none。 ①no是形容词，只能作定语，意为“没有”，修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 如： There is no time left. Please hurry up. 没有时间了，请快点。 They had no reading books to lend. 他们没有阅读用书可以借出。 I have no money with me today. 今天我没带钱。 ②none只能独立使用，在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语，意为“没有一个人(或事物)”，表示单数或复数。 如： None of them is/are in the classroom. 他们当中没有一个在教室里。 I have many books, but none is/are interesting. 我有很多书，但没有一本是有趣的。 ③no one、 none、 nothing 的用法差异： no one 意为“没有人”，是对who的否定回答，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式； none意为“没有人或事物”，是对how much或how many 的否定回答； nothing意为“没有东西”，是对what的否定回答。 如： —Who knows the Chinese meaning of the two words “super power”？ 有谁知道“super power”这两个单词的汉语意思？ —No one knows it. 没人知道。 —How much water is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少水？ —None. 一点也没有。 —How many teachers are there in the office？办公室里有多少老师？ —None. 一个也没有。 —What is in the hole? 洞里面有什么？ —There is nothing. 什么都没有。 (9)one和ones。 one和ones可用来代替上文提到的人或事物中的一个或一些，前面可加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 如： Which skirt would you like, this one or that one? 你想要哪件裙子，这件还是那件？ I don't like the blue ones. 我不喜欢蓝色的那些。 (10)other、 the other、 others、 the others和another。 ①other意为“另一”“另一些”，不单独出现，其后一定会出现名词，如other girls、 other countries、 other buses等； the other既可单独使用，其后也可跟名词，特指集体中剩余的，在句子中可作主语、宾语或定语。 如：Some students like maths and other students like English. 有些学生喜欢数学，另一些学生喜欢英语。 This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? 这是你的一只袜子，还有另一只呢？ I have two friends. One is Mary, and the other is Potential. 我有两个好朋友。一个是玛丽，另一个是潜力。 ②others与the others的主要区别： others泛指“剩余的人或物”； the others＝the rest，特指“其余的人或物”。 如： Lei Feng always thought of others, and seldom thought of himself. 雷锋总是为别人着想，很少考虑自己。 Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. 十个男孩中有两个站着，其他人都围着他们坐着。 ③another意为“另外的”“又一个、再一个”，表示数量上的增加，在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，常用“another＋可数名词单数”或“another＋数词＋名词复数”表示。 如： I want another four books for reading. 我还要四本书要读。 (11)no one、 nobody和none。 no one和nobody都表示“没有人”，仅指人，后面不跟of 短语，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人或物”，可指人也可指物，后面可跟of短语，作主语时谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 如： No one/Nobody knows how he managed to get the ticket online 没有人知道他是怎样线上得到那张票的。 None of my relatives likes /like the film. 我的亲戚中没有人喜欢这部电影。 None of these answers is/are right. 没有一个答案是对的。 (12)so可以代替一件事情，作句子的宾语或表语。 如： I don't think so. 我认为不是这样的。 He lost a book. So did I. 他丢失了一本书，我也是。 I hope so. 我希望如此。 (13)复合不定代词someone、 somebody、 something、 anything、 nothing、 everything、 everybody等是由some、 any、 no、 every加上body、 thing、 one 构成的，在句子中当单数使用。somebody、 something、 someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything、 anybody、 anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语，应放在它们的后面。 如： Hey, Lily. It seems that there is someone outside the door. 嗨，莉莉，门外似乎有人。 Did you meet anyone when you came to school last week? 上周你来学校时见到什么人了吗？ He should have nothing much to do today. 他今天应该没有多少事情做。 模拟练习4 (　　)1. I have ________ time for fun. I have to work hard in order to support my family. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little (　　)2. —Which subject do you like, art or dancing? —________. They are really interesting. A. Neither B. All C. Either D. Both (　　)3. There are a lot of young trees on ________ sides of the street. A. each B. either C. both D. all ( )4. —Nick, I lost my new pen and I couldn't find ________. —There are many pens in that box. Just take ________. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one ( )5. I don't want to be ________ else. I just want to be myself, that’s my dream. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 知识点六　相互代词 表示相互关系的词叫作相互代词。each other, one another是相互代词，意为“互相”，可以通用。each other表示“两者之间”，而one another表示“许多人之间”。它们的所有格形式为each other's, one another's。 如： We must help each other when we are in trouble at this time.这个时候我们身处困境时要互相帮助 They just sat there without talking to one another/each other. 他们只是坐在那儿，互相都不说话。 知识点七　疑问代词 用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 1. who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首，并在句子中作某一句子成分。who、 whom、 whose常用来指人； what常用来指物； which既可指人，也可指物。口语中指人时常用who代替whom作宾语，但在介词后只能用whom。 如： Who is going to come here for the class tomorrow? 明天谁要来这里听课？(主语) Which sentence is the longest in the passage? 这篇课文里哪个句子最长？(定语) Who/Whom did you invite to your birthday party last Sunday? 上周日你都邀请了谁来参加你的生日聚会？(宾语) What does he want to be when he grows up? 他长大以后想干什么？(表语) Whose computer did you take away by mistake at that time? 那个时候你错拿了谁的电脑？(定语) 2. who 和whom只能独立使用，其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或宾语，whom只能作宾语；而what、 which、 whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语或宾语，也可以与名词构成疑问短语。 如： Who is that man in that corner? 角落里那男的是谁？(主语) What color are their pats? 他们的裤子是什么颜色的？(定语) Which car was made in USA? 哪辆车是美国制造的？(定语) Whose car is this? 这是谁的车？(定语) Whose is the book? 这本书是谁的？(表语) 3. 疑问代词不分单复数，由它所替代的人或事物决定单复数，但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词，则以名词的单复数为准。 如： Who is in that playhouse? 谁在游戏房里？ What makes him unpleased? 什么使他不高兴？ Whose book is there? 谁的书在那里？ Which people are helping him? 哪些人在帮他？ 真题练习 课堂精练 演练 1. The apples are red. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ are the apple? 2. The woman with brown hair is Lisa's mother. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ is Lisa's mother? 3. Today is Thursday. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ is it today? 4. That book is not mine. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ that book? 5. The population of Chongqing is about 32 million. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the population of Chongqing? 知识点八　关系代词 用来引导定语从句的代词叫作关系代词，详见第十一章第六节定语从句。 1. 关系代词who、 which、 that、 whom等将定语和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分，另一方面又起连接作用。 如： The student who is dancing is in Grade One. 正在跳舞的那个学生是一年级的。 2. 关系代词who、 whom指人，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Do you know the man (whom) they are talking with? 你认识那个他们正与之交谈的男人吗？ 3. 关系代词which 指物，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Have you bought the book (which) you like several days ago? 你买到几天前喜欢的那本书了吗？ 4. 关系代词that既可指人也可指物，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Did you see the man and the dog (that) they are pointing at? 你看见他们正在指的男人和狗了吗？ 知识点九　连接代词 用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称为连接代词。英语中的连接代词主要有what、 who、 whom、 which、 whose等，详见相应从句。 课后反馈 演练 (　)1. Mr. Black, a friend of ________， likes drawing horses in his spare time. A. me B. mine C. I D. my ( )2.It's easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ________ of them here. A. none B. few C. many D. each ( )3. (2019年重庆市对口高职)—Is this your pen? —No, this is not ________ pen. It's hers. A. me B. I C. myself D. my ( ) 4. (2021年重庆市对口高职)People in Wuhan thanked the doctors for saving ________ lives. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves ( )5. (2022年重庆市对口高职)We Chinese people are proud of ________ country. A. we B. us C. our D. ours (　　)6. To my surprise, his coat is exactly the same as ________. A. me B. I C. my D. mine (　　)7. Can you give me ________ bread and ________ cakes? I am hungry. A. a little; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a little D. a few; a few (　　)8. Help ________ to food and drinks, little children. A. yours B. you C. your D. yourselves (　　)9. I invited Tom and Mary to dinner, but ________ of them came. A. neither B. both C. either D. none (　　)10. No matter how difficult things they seem to be, you should say to ________ “Never mind”. A positive attitude is the key to success. A. herself B. themselves C. yourselves D. ourselves (　　)11. I have ________ to tell you before going to bed. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything (　　)12. —Your tea smells really great! —It's from China. Would you like ________？ A. it B. this C. some D. little (　　)13. —Are these books ________？ —No, they are not mine. They belong to ________. A. your; him B. yours; him C. you; his D. yours; he (　　)14. —Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy and Lily? —Yes. ________ of us are going home to visit the elderly. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Each (　　)15. —I tried several ways to work out the problem, but ________ of them worked. —Never give up. I believe you'll make it. A. all B. none C. each D. neither (　　)16. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor. A. another B. other C. others D. the other (　　)17. —Sonia, is this your dictionary? —Oh, no, it's not ________. Ask Li Hua, he is looking for ________. A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his (　　)18. My parents showed ________some old photos they took many years ago. A. I B. me C. my D. mine (　　)19. —What else do you need for the trip? —________ else. I think I have got everything already. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything (　　)20. The weather in Chongqing is much hotter than ________ in Dalian in summer. A. that B. those C. it D. one (　　)21. ________ Li Hua ________John are students. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or (　　)22. Lucy runs faster than ________ girl in her class this term. A. any other B. any C. others D. all (　　)23. —Don't be angry with your kids when they make a mistake again, will you? —No, I won't. I know that ________of us are perfect after all. A. none B. neither C. each D. all (　　)24. These are ________ school uniforms and ________ are over there, I think. A. my; your B. mine; yours C. my; yours D. mine; your (　　)25. She will try ________ best to look after a sister of ________. A. hers; hers B. her; hers C. her; her D. hers; her 二、句型转换 21. There is something wrong with my motorbike. (改为否定句) There ________ _______________ wrong with my motorbike. 22. My father was a doctor. (对画线部分提问) _______ _______ your father? 23. This book is his. (对画线部分提问) _______ ________ this book? 24. She likes reading, so do I. (改为同义句) ________ she ________ I like reading. 25. I see the man who helped you yesterday．(对画线部分提问) _______ _______ do you see? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 19 页 共 19 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲： 单项选择及句式转换之代词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 代词近几年主要针对人称代词的主格，宾格以及物主代词，尤其是名词性物主代词的考察居多，需要引起重视。代词在具体语境当中的使用，需要根据具体的理解和用法进行把握和分析。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　代词的定义 代词是代替人或事物名称的词，也就是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、从句和句子的词。按其意义、特征及在句中的作用，代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词等。其句法功能和名词一样，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语以及定语。 知识点二　代词的分类 考点 内容解读 近四年对口高职考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。重点考查人称代词和不定代词的正确使用。 2020年 —— 2021年 7.People in Wuhan thanked the doctors for Saving their lives.(单项选择) 知识点三　 代词的具体功能和作用 知识点一　人称代词 表示“你”“我”“他”“她”“它”“你们”“我们”“他们”等的词被称为人称代词。人称代词有单数和复数、主格和宾格之分，并且第三人称单数有性别之分。具体见下表。 形式 单数 复数 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he(他) him(他) they them she(她) her(她) it(它) it(它) 1. 人称代词作主语 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。 如： I often go shopping on Sundays. 我常在星期天购物。 Are they from China? 他们来自中国吗？ Where has she gone? 她上哪儿去了？ 2. 人称代词作宾语 (1)人称代词的宾格放在及物动词之后作宾语。 如： Who teaches you English this year? 今年谁教你们英语？ Help me! 救救我！ Do you know her? 你认识她吗？ He gave them a gift last week. 上周他给了他们一份礼物。 (2)人称代词的宾格放在介词之后作宾语。 如： We often write letters to him 我们常给他写信。 When I am out, you must take good care of them. 当我外出的时候，你必须照顾好他们。 3. 人称代词作表语 人称代词作表语或者放在引导比较状语从句连词的than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格形式。 如： I am shorter than him. 我比他矮。 She runs as fast as me. 她跑得和我一样快。 注意：在包含双宾语的句子中，若直接宾语是人称代词it或them时，间接宾语放在直接宾语的后面。 如： Please pass it to me. 请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.) 模拟练习： (　　C)1. Neither ________ nor________ likes playing football. A. he; I B. me; him C. I; he D. my; his 解析：neither...nor...遵循“就近原则”，根据likes可知，主语应用第三人称单数。 (　C　)2. Could you help ________ with my English? A. him B. her C. me D. them 解析：本题考查人称代词作宾语的用法。根据my可知空格处用宾格me。 (　C　)3. Miss Qin teaches ________ English. A. our B. we C. us D. ours 解析：teach sb. sth.意为“教某人某事”，此处sb.用人称代词宾格作宾语。 (　A　)4. —Can I eat ________？ —Yes, ________ are so yummy. A. them; they B. they; their C. they; they D. them; them 解析：第一个空作宾语，用宾格；第二个空作主语，用主格。 (　D　)5. Mum, let ________ help ________ with the housework. A. I; your B. me; your C. I; you D. me; you 解析：本题考查动宾结构。let sb. do sth.和 help sb. with sth.中的人都用宾格。 4. 代词it的用法 指代前面提到的单个事物或不可数名词 I like eating steak because it is delicious. 我喜欢吃牛排因为它很美味。 This is not my book. It's Jim's. 这不是我的书，是吉姆的。 代替指示代词this和that —What is this? 这是什么？　　　　 —It's an apple. 这是一个苹果。 —What is that? 那是什么？　　　　 —It's an elephant. 那是一头大象。 指婴儿或不明身份的人 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is. 有人在敲门，请去看看是谁。 Look at Tom's baby. It's very lovely. 看汤姆的宝贝， 好可爱。 表示时间、天气、距离、季节、金钱等 It's five o'clock now. 现在五点了。(指时间) It rained yesterday. 昨天下雨了。(指天气) It is ten kilometers from my home to the school. 从我家到学校10千米。(指距离) 4. 代词it的用法 作形式主语 ①It takes (sb.) some time/some money to do sth.(不定式是主语，it是形式主语) It took me two hours to see the film last night. 昨天晚上看这部电影花了我两个小时。 ②It's＋adj.＋of/for sb.＋to do sth. It's difficult for me to finish the work in two days． 对我来说，两天内完成这项工作很难。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你真好，给我提供帮助。 ③It is time (for sb.) to do sth./It is time＋that从句 It's time that we have to protect the earth. 我们该保护地球了。 It's time to go home. 该回家了。 ④It seems/seemed＋that从句 It seems that she does better now than yesterday. 她现在做得似乎比昨天更好。 ⑤It is (has been)＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时 It's ten years since I came here. 我来这里十年了。 ⑥It's one's turn to do sth. It's your turn to clean the classroom. 轮到你打扫教室了。 ⑦It's＋adj.＋that从句 It's clear that you are right. 很明显你是对的。 ⑧It is the first (second、 third...) time＋that从句(从句用现在完成时) It's the first time that I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里。 作形式宾语 常用于think、 find、 feel、 make 之后。 I think it no use talking with you. 我认为跟你交谈是没有用的。 I find it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。 强调句型 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分 It was yesterday that I met my old friend. 我是昨天碰见老朋友的。 It was he who helped me a lot. 是他帮了我许多。 知识点二　物主代词 物主代词是表示所属关系的代词，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。具体见下表 形式 单数 复数 人称 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its 1. 形容词性物主代词 (1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，放在名词前作定语。名词前使用了形容词性物主代词，就不再用冠词、指示代词、不定代词等。形容词性物主代词与own连用可以加强语气。“one's own＋名词”或“名词＋of＋one's own”意为“某人自己的”。 如： Is that your umbrella？那是你的伞吗？ I won't believe it unless I see it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼所见，否则我是不会相信的 She wants to have a computer of her own. 她想拥有一台自己的电脑。 This is her pencil box. 这是她的铅笔盒。 (2)形容词性物主代词构成的固定短语。 try one's best to do sth. 努力做某事　　　　 do one's homework 做家庭作业 lose one's way 迷路 on one's way to 去……的路上 2. 名词性物主代词 (1)名词性物主代词常用来避免重复前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面不可再跟名词。 如： This is your cup, but where is mine? 这是你的杯子，可我的在哪儿？(mine＝my cup) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. 你们的教室很大，可我们的相当小。(ours＝our classroom) The beautiful skirt is hers. 那件漂亮的裙子是她的。(her＝her skirt) Our school is here, and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这里，他们的在那里。(theirs＝their school) —Is this book yours? 这本书是你的吗？(yours＝your book) —No. Mine is in my bag. 不，我的在书包里。(mine＝my book) I have already finished my homework. Have you finished yours？(yours＝your homework) 我已经完成了我的作业，你的完成了吗？ (2)“of＋名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格，作定语时放在名词的后面，相当于“of＋名词所有格”，表示什么中的一部分或一个。 a cat of hers 她的一只猫 a friend of yours 你的一个朋友 three books of mine 我的三本书 如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. 我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。 (指若干朋友中有一个来看我) 模拟练习2 (　D　)1. —Your brother is very cute. —Yes, ________ is. ________ eyes are so big. A. he; Him B. he; He C. his; His D. he; His 解析：第一空用人称代词作主语，第二空用形容词性物主代词修饰名词eyes。 (　C　)2. Tom, a student of ________ will go abroad for further study. A. I B. me C. mine D. my 解析：“我的一个学生”可用双重所有格a student of mine表达。 (　A　)3. ________ name is Mike and ________ name is Helen. A. His; her B. He; my C. You; she D. Your; I 解析：两个空都考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词的用法。 (　C　)4. Doctors, nurses and scientists did ________ best to help the people that got sick. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs 解析：形容词性物主代词的固定搭配do one's best。 (　B　)5. There is something wrong with ________ car. Can I use ________？ A. my; your B. my; yours C. mine; yours D. me; you 解析：本题考查形容词性物主代词作定语和名词性物主代词作宾语的用法。 知识点三　反身代词 表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”“他们自己”等的词叫作反身代词。具体见下表。 形式 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself(他自己) themselves herself(她自己) itself(它自己) 1. 反身代词作宾语 反身代词位于动词或介词之后作宾语表示一个动作回到该动作执行者本身，也就是当宾语和主语是同一个人或事物时，宾语用反身代词。 如： Don't play with the knife. You might hurt yourself． 不要玩刀，会割伤你自己的。 We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last weekend. 上周末的晚会上，我们确实玩得很开心。 She teaches herself English when she is free. 她空闲时就自学英语。 I cut myself yesterday. 昨天我割伤了自己。 注: 常见的带反身代词作宾语的固定短语 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 hurt oneself 伤了自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学 look after oneself 照顾自己 help oneself to sth. 随便吃 teach oneself 自学 dress oneself 给自己穿衣 make yourself at home 别拘束 say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独自，独立地 of oneself 自动地 for oneself 为了自己 think to oneself 心想 introduce oneself 做自我介绍 如： Mr. Li, please speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. 李老师，请讲大声点，这样你就可以让自己被听见了。 Boys and girls, help yourselves to some apples. 孩子们，随便吃点苹果。 Although she has three children, she lives by herself. 虽然她有三个孩子，但她独自生活。 make yourself＋过去分词 使自己被别人…… 2. 反身代词作同位语 反身代词在句子中可作主语或宾语的同位语，表示强调，即用来强调名词或代词。 如： The story itself is good. Only he didn't tell it well. 故事本身是好的，只是他没有讲好。 You heard the news yourself. 你是亲耳听到这消息的。 I myself worked out the difficult problem. 我自己解决了这个难题。 3. 反身代词作表语 反身代词常与be, look, feel, seem连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 如： I don't know what is wrong with me. I am not myself today. 我不知道自己怎么了，今天我感到不舒服。 模拟练习3 (　A　)1. —Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? —Sure. I see it as a chance to prove ________. A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you 解析：本对话中答语的人称为第一人称单数，其反身代词为myself。 (　C　)2. Nobody taught the old lady how to use WeChat. She learned it by ________. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 解析：by oneself意为“靠某人自己”。动作返回主语she本身，故用反身代词herself。 ( D)3. Liu Hulan died for a good cause. She thought more of others than ________. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 解析：主语为第三人称单数，she对应的反身代词是herself. (　D　)4. —Help ________ to the chicken, Tom and Jim. —Thank you. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves 解析：help oneself to sth.意为“随便吃……”。根据题干中的“Tom and Jim”可知空格处填yourselves。 (　D　)5. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn't enjoy ________. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 解析：主语为Mr. More，其反身代词是himself。 知识点四　指示代词 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物的词叫作指示代词，其在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常用指示代词见下表。 指示代词 含义 this(这个)、these(这些) 指较近的人或物 that(那个)、those(那些) 指较远的人或物 such(这样的人或物) 指上文提过的人或物 same(同样的人或物) 指和上文提过的相同的人或物 it(这人或物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么 1. 指示代词既可以单独使用作句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。 如： What's this? 这是什么？(主语) That model plane is made of plastic. 那只模型飞机是塑料做的。(定语) Remember never to do such things. 记住永远不要做这样的事情。(定语) Do the same as the teacher tells you. 按老师说的做。(宾语) 2. that 和those可指前面提到过的事物， this 和these可指下面将要讲到的事物。 如： I had a cold. That is why I didn't come. 我感冒了，那就是我没来的原因。 3. 在比较状语从句中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 和those代替前面比较的内容。that可以代替不可数名词或可数名词的单数，等同于the one; those只能代替可数名词复数，等同于the ones、 those ones。 如：The mountains here aren't as tall as those in Chongqing. (those指代mountains) The weather in Sanya is better than that in Xi'an. (that 指代weather) The cars made in Germany are much better than those made in Japan. (those指代cars) 4. it特指上文提到的人或同类中的另一个人或物相当于“the＋名词”，one 泛指同类人或事物中的一个(同类不同物)相当于“a/an＋名词”。 如： I bought a new cell phone. It's very powerful. 我买了一部新手机。它的功能非常强大。 —Who has an EnglishChinese dictionary? 谁有英汉词典？ —I have one. 我有一本。 5. 电话用语里常用this代表自己，用that代表对方。 如： —This is Lily. Who is that? 我是莉莉，你是谁？ —This is Mary. 我是玛丽。 知识点五　不定代词 代替或修饰不确定的人或事物的代词叫作不定代词。根据词的构成，不定代词可分为个体不定代词和复合不定代词。 1. 个体不定代词 个体不定代词主要有some、 any、 much、 many、 a little、 little、 a few、 few、 all、 both、 neither、 each、 other、 another、 one等。 2. 复合不定代词 复合不定代词主要有something、 someone、 somebody、 anything、 anyone、 anybody、 nothing、 nobody、 no one、 everything、 everyone、 everybody等。 3. 常用不定代词的用法与区别 (1)every和each。 every (adj.) 用于三者或三者以上，表示整体概念， 只能作定语修饰单数名词； every、 everyone后不可跟of， 但every one 后可跟of each (pron.) 用于两者或两者以上，表示单个概念， 可作主语、宾语、定语等； each后可跟of 如： Every student in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。(定语) They each have something to do. 他们人人都有事干。(同位语) Our English teacher gave each of us an EnglishChinese dictionary last week. (√) 上星期英语老师给了我们每人一本英汉词典。 My mother gave every of us a beautiful watch on Children's Day. (×) 六一儿童节妈妈给了我们每人一块漂亮的手表。 Every one of us must finish a task in three days. (√) 我们每个人三天之内必须完成一个任务。 注 “every other＋可数名词单数”表示“每隔一……”，“every＋数词＋可数名词复数”表示“每几……”。 every other week 每隔一周 every two years 每两年(每隔一年) every other line 每隔一行 every four miles 每四英里(每隔三英里) (2)both、 either和neither。 ①both、 either和neither的表示范围均为两者，但各自意思不同。both表示“两者都”， either表示“两者之一”， neither表示“两者都不”。三个词在句中均可作主语、宾语或定语， both还可作同位语。both作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。either、 neither作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。作定语时，both修饰复数名词，either和neither 修饰单数名词。 如： Neither of them likes English. 他俩都不喜欢英语。(主语) Both of the questions are difficult. 这两个问题都挺难。(主语) Either of the rooms is comfortable. 两个房间中有一个是舒服的。(主语) I don't care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. 我不介意喝什么，两个之中随便哪个都行。 There are many trees on both sides of the street. ＝There are many trees on each side of the street. ＝There are many trees on either side of the street. 街道两旁有许多树。 ②由both、 either和neither构成的固定搭配有both...and...、 either...or...、 neither... nor...；both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；either...or...、 neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。 如： Both he and she are my good friends. 他和她都是我的好朋友。 Neither he nor I am from America. 我和他都不是美国人。 Either you or he has taken this book. 不是你就是他拿了这本书。 (3)all 和none。 ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词，也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。all可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。 如： I have read all of the four books on the table. 桌子上的四本书我全看过。(宾语) All students are hardworking. 所有学生都很勤奋。(宾语) ②all 用在含有否定词的句中表示部分否定，全部否定应用none。 如： All of us don't know the person. 并非我们所有人都认识这个人。 None of us knows/know the person. 我们都不认识这个人。 (4)few、 a few、 little和a little。 few、 little意为“几乎没有”，表示否定； a few意为“有几个”a little意为“有点儿”，表示肯定。few、 a few与可数名词复数连用或代替可数的人或事物， little、 a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语。 如： He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷，几乎没有什么钱。(定语) There is much water in the bottle, but I only drank a little. 瓶里有很多水，但我只喝了一点。(宾语) Few of them know me. 他们中几乎没有人认识我。(主语) (5)some和 any。 ①some一般用于肯定句中，意为“几个”“一些”“某个”，修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词。 如： I have some work to do today. 今天我有些工作要做。 They will go there some day. 他们有朝一日会去那儿。 ②some 用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 如： Would you like some coffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡吗？(建议) Could you give me some advice on this? 你能给我一些关于这个的建议吗？(请求) Do you have some coins? 你有硬币吗？(希望得到肯定的回答) ③any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，意为“一些”，修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词。 如： They didn't have any friends here. 他们在这里没有朋友。 Have you got any work experience? 你有工作经验吗？ ④any 用于肯定句时，意为“任何的”。 如： Come here with any friend. 随便带什么朋友来吧。 (6)many和much。 ①many意为“很多”，代替或修饰可数名词复数；much意为“很多”，代替或修饰不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。much还可作副词，修饰形容词、副词的比较级。 如： I don't have many friends there. 在这里我没有很多的朋友。(定语) We can learn much with the help of you. 在你的帮助之下我们能学到很多。(宾语) He does homework much more carefully than you, you have to admit. 他做作业比你认真得多。(状语) ②much too 与 too much的区别： much too意为“太”，在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于程度副词，后跟形容词或副词，语气上比too强烈； too much意为“太多”，相当于形容词或者代词，后跟不可数名词，在句中可作宾语或定语。 如：Eating too much meet is bad for you. 吃太多肉对你没有好处。 She is much too beautiful. 她太漂亮了。 He runs much too fast. 他跑得太快了。 ③many、 much＝a lot of, lots of, plenty of。 如： There are many/a lot of/lots of people on the playground. 操场上有很多人。 They haven't got much/a lot of/lots of work to do. 他们没有多少事情可做。 (7)a lot of、 lots of、 a number of、 large numbers of、 a great deal of和plenty of这六个“名词＋介词”短语都表示“大量的，许多的”， a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，还可以相应地换为much或many; a number of、 large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词的复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)，可以换为many、 a lot of、 plenty of; a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)，可以换为much 如： Plenty of people think that time is money. 许多人认为时间就是金钱。 I don't have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time． 我不必着急做它，因为我有充足的时间。 I have a number of letters to write today. 今天我有好多信要写。 I spent a great deal of money on shopping. 在购物方面我花费了大量的金钱。 (8)no和none。 ①no是形容词，只能作定语，意为“没有”，修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 如： There is no time left. Please hurry up. 没有时间了，请快点。 They had no reading books to lend. 他们没有阅读用书可以借出。 I have no money with me today. 今天我没带钱。 ②none只能独立使用，在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语，意为“没有一个人(或事物)”，表示单数或复数。 如： None of them is/are in the classroom. 他们当中没有一个在教室里。 I have many books, but none is/are interesting. 我有很多书，但没有一本是有趣的。 ③no one、 none、 nothing 的用法差异： no one 意为“没有人”，是对who的否定回答，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式； none意为“没有人或事物”，是对how much或how many 的否定回答； nothing意为“没有东西”，是对what的否定回答。 如： —Who knows the Chinese meaning of the two words “super power”？ 有谁知道“super power”这两个单词的汉语意思？ —No one knows it. 没人知道。 —How much water is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少水？ —None. 一点也没有。 —How many teachers are there in the office？办公室里有多少老师？ —None. 一个也没有。 —What is in the hole? 洞里面有什么？ —There is nothing. 什么都没有。 (9)one和ones。 one和ones可用来代替上文提到的人或事物中的一个或一些，前面可加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 如： Which skirt would you like, this one or that one? 你想要哪件裙子，这件还是那件？ I don't like the blue ones. 我不喜欢蓝色的那些。 (10)other、 the other、 others、 the others和another。 ①other意为“另一”“另一些”，不单独出现，其后一定会出现名词，如other girls、 other countries、 other buses等； the other既可单独使用，其后也可跟名词，特指集体中剩余的，在句子中可作主语、宾语或定语。 如：Some students like maths and other students like English. 有些学生喜欢数学，另一些学生喜欢英语。 This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? 这是你的一只袜子，还有另一只呢？ I have two friends. One is Mary, and the other is Potential. 我有两个好朋友。一个是玛丽，另一个是潜力。 ②others与the others的主要区别： others泛指“剩余的人或物”； the others＝the rest，特指“其余的人或物”。 如： Lei Feng always thought of others, and seldom thought of himself. 雷锋总是为别人着想，很少考虑自己。 Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. 十个男孩中有两个站着，其他人都围着他们坐着。 ③another意为“另外的”“又一个、再一个”，表示数量上的增加，在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，常用“another＋可数名词单数”或“another＋数词＋名词复数”表示。 如： I want another four books for reading. 我还要四本书要读。 (11)no one、 nobody和none。 no one和nobody都表示“没有人”，仅指人，后面不跟of 短语，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人或物”，可指人也可指物，后面可跟of短语，作主语时谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 如： No one/Nobody knows how he managed to get the ticket online 没有人知道他是怎样线上得到那张票的。 None of my relatives likes /like the film. 我的亲戚中没有人喜欢这部电影。 None of these answers is/are right. 没有一个答案是对的。 (12)so可以代替一件事情，作句子的宾语或表语。 如： I don't think so. 我认为不是这样的。 He lost a book. So did I. 他丢失了一本书，我也是。 I hope so. 我希望如此。 (13)复合不定代词someone、 somebody、 something、 anything、 nothing、 everything、 everybody等是由some、 any、 no、 every加上body、 thing、 one 构成的，在句子中当单数使用。somebody、 something、 someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything、 anybody、 anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语，应放在它们的后面。 如： Hey, Lily. It seems that there is someone outside the door. 嗨，莉莉，门外似乎有人。 Did you meet anyone when you came to school last week? 上周你来学校时见到什么人了吗？ He should have nothing much to do today. 他今天应该没有多少事情做。 模拟练习4 (　C　)1. I have ________ time for fun. I have to work hard in order to support my family. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little 解析：a few和a little表示肯定，little和few表示否定。a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词。由句意可知“没有时间”。 (　D　)2. —Which subject do you like, art or dancing? —________. They are really interesting. A. Neither B. All C. Either D. Both 解析：由回答“他们真的很有趣”，可知两门课都喜欢，所以选D。 (　C　)3. There are a lot of young trees on ________ sides of the street. A. each B. either C. both D. all 解析：根据sides可知是复数形式，且街道有两边。 (B)4. —Nick, I lost my new pen and I couldn't find ________. —There are many pens in that box. Just take ________. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one 解析：第一个空同类同物，用it代替，排除C、D两项；第二个空同类不同物用one。 (A)5. I don't want to be ________ else. I just want to be myself, that’s my dream. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 解析：somebody用于肯定句， anybody用于否定句和疑问句。 知识点六　相互代词 表示相互关系的词叫作相互代词。each other, one another是相互代词，意为“互相”，可以通用。each other表示“两者之间”，而one another表示“许多人之间”。它们的所有格形式为each other's, one another's。 如： We must help each other when we are in trouble at this time.这个时候我们身处困境时要互相帮助 They just sat there without talking to one another/each other. 他们只是坐在那儿，互相都不说话。 知识点七　疑问代词 用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 1. who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首，并在句子中作某一句子成分。who、 whom、 whose常用来指人； what常用来指物； which既可指人，也可指物。口语中指人时常用who代替whom作宾语，但在介词后只能用whom。 如： Who is going to come here for the class tomorrow? 明天谁要来这里听课？(主语) Which sentence is the longest in the passage? 这篇课文里哪个句子最长？(定语) Who/Whom did you invite to your birthday party last Sunday? 上周日你都邀请了谁来参加你的生日聚会？(宾语) What does he want to be when he grows up? 他长大以后想干什么？(表语) Whose computer did you take away by mistake at that time? 那个时候你错拿了谁的电脑？(定语) 2. who 和whom只能独立使用，其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或宾语，whom只能作宾语；而what、 which、 whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语或宾语，也可以与名词构成疑问短语。 如： Who is that man in that corner? 角落里那男的是谁？(主语) What color are their pats? 他们的裤子是什么颜色的？(定语) Which car was made in USA? 哪辆车是美国制造的？(定语) Whose car is this? 这是谁的车？(定语) Whose is the book? 这本书是谁的？(表语) 3. 疑问代词不分单复数，由它所替代的人或事物决定单复数，但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词，则以名词的单复数为准。 如： Who is in that playhouse? 谁在游戏房里？ What makes him unpleased? 什么使他不高兴？ Whose book is there? 谁的书在那里？ Which people are helping him? 哪些人在帮他？ 真题练习 课堂精练 演练 1. The apples are red. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ are the apple? 解析：What color 2. The woman with brown hair is Lisa's mother. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ is Lisa's mother? 解析：Which woman 3. Today is Thursday. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ is it today? 解析：What day 4. That book is not mine. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ that book? 解析：Whose is 5. The population of Chongqing is about 32 million. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the population of Chongqing? 解析：What is 知识点八　关系代词 用来引导定语从句的代词叫作关系代词，详见第十一章第六节定语从句。 1. 关系代词who、 which、 that、 whom等将定语和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分，另一方面又起连接作用。 如： The student who is dancing is in Grade One. 正在跳舞的那个学生是一年级的。 2. 关系代词who、 whom指人，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Do you know the man (whom) they are talking with? 你认识那个他们正与之交谈的男人吗？ 3. 关系代词which 指物，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Have you bought the book (which) you like several days ago? 你买到几天前喜欢的那本书了吗？ 4. 关系代词that既可指人也可指物，作从句的宾语时，有时省略。 如： Did you see the man and the dog (that) they are pointing at? 你看见他们正在指的男人和狗了吗？ 知识点九　连接代词 用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称为连接代词。英语中的连接代词主要有what、 who、 whom、 which、 whose等，详见相应从句。 课后反馈 演练 (　B　)1. Mr. Black, a friend of ________， likes drawing horses in his spare time. A. me B. mine C. I D. my 【解析】　本题考查名词性物主代词。“我的一个朋友”应为a friend of mine。 ( C )2.It's easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ________ of them here. A. none B. few C. many D. each 【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。句意：“在我们城市找到一家好旅馆很容易，因为这里有很多。” ( D )3. (2019年重庆市对口高职)—Is this your pen? —No, this is not ________ pen. It's hers. A. me B. I C. myself D. my 【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词。空格后面有名词，应用形容词性物主代词。 ( B) 4. (2021年重庆市对口高职)People in Wuhan thanked the doctors for saving ________ lives. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves 【解析】本题考查形容词性物主动词。空格后有名词，应用形容词性物主代词。 ( C )5. (2022年重庆市对口高职)We Chinese people are proud of ________ country. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 【解析】本题考查物主代词。句意：“我们中国人为我们的国家骄傲。”形容词性物主代词后跟名词。 (　D　)6. To my surprise, his coat is exactly the same as ________. A. me B. I C. my D. mine 【解析】同类相比较，排除A、B两项，形容词性物主代词后跟名词，名词性物主代词后不能跟名词。 (　A　)7. Can you give me ________ bread and ________ cakes? I am hungry. A. a little; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a little D. a few; a few 【解析】a little修饰不可数名词，a few修饰可数名词的复数。 (　D　)8. Help ________ to food and drinks, little children. A. yours B. you C. your D. yourselves 【解析】help oneself to sth.是固定搭配。根据little children可知应为复数yourselves。 (　A　)9. I invited Tom and Mary to dinner, but ________ of them came. A. neither B. both C. either D. none 【解析】句意：“我邀请汤姆和玛丽吃晚饭，但是他们两个都没来。”neither表示“两者都不”。 (　C　)10. No matter how difficult things they seem to be, you should say to ________ “Never mind”. A positive attitude is the key to success. A. herself B. themselves C. yourselves D. ourselves 【解析】 由句中you可知此处应用其反身代词yourselves。 (　A　)11. I have ________ to tell you before going to bed. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词，放在后面。something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句。 (　C　)12. —Your tea smells really great! —It's from China. Would you like ________？ A. it B. this C. some D. little 【解析】根据句意， 是向对方提供吃的或者喝的，希望得到对方的肯定回答，故答案为C。 (　B　)13. —Are these books ________？ —No, they are not mine. They belong to ________. A. your; him B. yours; him C. you; his D. yours; he 【解析】第一个空格后无名词，因此用名词性物主代词yours。belong to意为 “属于”，其后的人称代词用宾格形式。 (　C　)14. —Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy and Lily? —Yes. ________ of us are going home to visit the elderly. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Each 【解析】由are going... 可知主语为复数，应选表示“两者都”的不定代词。 (　B　)15. —I tried several ways to work out the problem, but ________ of them worked. —Never give up. I believe you'll make it. A. all B. none C. each D. neither 【解析】根据句中 “several”可知范围，排除C、D两项；根据句意“都没起作用”可知答案。 (　D　)16. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 【解析】“两者中的另一个”用the other。 (　D　)17. —Sonia, is this your dictionary? —Oh, no, it's not ________. Ask Li Hua, he is looking for ________. A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his 【解析】第一空意思是“我的字典”，第二空意思是“他的字典”。两个空格后均无名词，因此用名词性物主代词指代。 (　B　)18. My parents showed ________some old photos they took many years ago. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 【解析】show sb. sth. 动词之后作直接宾语，用人称代词宾格形式。 (　C　)19. —What else do you need for the trip? —________ else. I think I have got everything already. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 【解析】句意：“——你还需要其他什么吗？——什么都不需要了。我认为一切准备就绪了。”something意为“某事/物”，anything意为“任何事/物”， nothing意为“没有什么”， everything意为“一切”。根据句意，要用否定词。 (　A　)20. The weather in Chongqing is much hotter than ________ in Dalian in summer. A. that B. those C. it D. one 【解析】在比较状语从句中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 和those代替前面比较的内容。weather是不可数名词，应用that指代。 (　C　)21. ________ Li Hua ________John are students. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 【解析】both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (　A　)22. Lucy runs faster than ________ girl in her class this term. A. any other B. any C. others D. all 【解析】句意：“这学期露西比她班上的任何其他女孩跑得都快。” 个体与群体比较结构为“主语＋谓语动词＋比较级＋than any other＋名词单数＋范围”。 (　A　)23. —Don't be angry with your kids when they make a mistake again, will you? —No, I won't. I know that ________of us are perfect after all. A. none B. neither C. each D. all 【解析】句意：“——当你们的孩子犯错时不要跟他生气，好吗？——不会生气的，我知道我们没有人是完美的。”none可以与of连用，neither表示“两者都不”，选项C和D都不符合句意。 (　C　)24. These are ________ school uniforms and ________ are over there, I think. A. my; your B. mine; yours C. my; yours D. mine; your 【解析】形容词性物主代词后跟名词， 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词。 (　B　)25. She will try ________ best to look after a sister of ________. A. hers; hers B. her; hers C. her; her D. hers; her 【解析】第一个空考查固定短语try one's best, one's用形容词性物主代词her；第二个空考查双重所有格of one's, one's用名词性物主代词hers。 二、句型转换 21. There is something wrong with my motorbike. (改为否定句) There ________ _______________ wrong with my motorbike. 【解析】There _____isn’t_/is__ _____anything_/ nothing_________ wrong with my bike 22. My father was a doctor. (对画线部分提问) __What______ _____was___ your father? 23. This book is his. (对画线部分提问) ___Whose_____ ___is_____ this book? 24. She likes reading, so do I. (改为同义句) ____Both____ she _____and___ I like reading. 25. I see the man who helped you yesterday．(对画线部分提问) ___Which_____ ____man____ do you see? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 21 页 共 21 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$