2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接课程之词性 课件

词性 1 学习目标1' By the end of this class, you will be able to: 1. master various parts of speech. 2. improve your ability to analyze parts of speech. 2 词性的分类 什么是词性？ 你了解的词性有哪些？ 问题导学一1' 3 点拨运用一14' 词性的分类 词类又叫词性，分成十个大类。 1 名词 n. physiology 生理学 2 代词 pron. you 你 3 形容词 adj. crucial 至关重要的 4 副词 adv. apparently 显而易见 5 动词 v. commit 承诺 6 数词 num. three 三 7 冠词 art. a/an 一个 8 介词 prep. among 在...之间 9 连词 conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 1. 名词：是实词的一种，是指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物名称的词。 Eg. The bag is in the desk. I washed my clothes yesterday. We selected him our monitor yesterday. 名词：noun (n.) 词性 C=可数名词，countable noun的缩写 U=不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写 pl=复数，plural的缩写 可数名词: 不可数名词: 单数: 复数: watch; surprise; conclusion; consequence;experience(经历） water/air; liquid; experience(经验); electricity电 banana; professor apples; tomatoes; children; feet 补充： 2. 动词：表示动作或者状态的词汇。 Eg. She can dance and sing.  She wants to learn English well. 动词的分类： 1）按动词的功能 实义动词(come, go, run…) 系动词(be, feel, look, smell…) 助动词(do, does, did, will…) 情态动词(can, should, may…) 动词：verb (v.) 笔记 实义动词: 有实际含义(run jump sleep think );系动词:系是“联系”的意思，把主语跟其特征或状态联系在一起;情态动词:表示主语情感态度的词;助动词:帮助实义动词表达更多含义 2) 按动词后是否带宾语 及物动词（vt.) 不及物动词（vi.) 3) 动词的五种形态 原形（do) 第三人称单数形式(does) 过去式(did) 过去分词(done) 现在分词(doing) 动词：verb (v.) 笔记 及物动词(vt):能接(近)物 能接宾语(动作的承受者) 不及物动词(vi):不能接(近)物不能接宾语 Birds eat insects. Birds can fly. 3. 形容词：用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。 Eg. The movie was boring.  You have an honest face.  She is wearing a blue coat.  Edison is one of the greatest scientists in the world.  She looks younger than before. 形容词：adjective (adj.) XX的: quick lucky crucial vital academic 修饰名词: 什么样的东西或什么样的人 4. 副词：是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词。 Eg. She works hard. We are having an English class now. This room is too small for us. 副词：adverb (adv.) 1)修饰动词:怎么样地做了一件事 2)修饰形容词、副词:程度副词 extremely important very quickly 注意: Go away. Sit down. Come in. 5. 代词：是代替名词的一种词类。 Eg. John is an outgoing boy. He is Rick's friend. This is Michael's car. I like his car. Mary is talking to herself. ---Do you have a car? ---Yes, I have one. There are 51 students in the classroom. Everyone is here. 代词：pronoun (pron.) 笔记 类别 人称　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself 复数 she her her hers herself 主格 they them their theirs themselves 人称代词主格用作主语或表语，宾格用作宾语。 He love them. We love you. She loves me. 主动发出动作者 被动承受动作者 主格:主体 动作 宾格:客体 补充： 补充： 1)Lucy's hair is longer than Lily's. 2)I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 3)—Is this your bike？ —No, it's her bike. Mine is under the tree. 名词性物主代词 ＝形容词性物主代词＋名词 ＝My bike 6. 冠词：是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。 冠词 不定冠词(a/an) 定冠词（the) Eg. I am reading an interesting story .  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  There is a tree in front of my house.  Do you know the tall man in black ? I bought a book yesterday. The book costs 15 yuan. 冠词：article (art.) a/an(+形容词)+名词 a girl; an orange; a handsome boy; an interesting bag 特指:那个... 泛指:一个..... the student; the beautiful girl; the heavy bag; the odd-looking man the(+形容词)+名词 7. 数词：数词是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词。 Eg. There are about five thousand students in our school. Every year, millions of people visit this museum. The second is better than the first. 数词：numeral (num.) 基数词:表示数目多少的数词 序数词:表示顺序的数词--第n个 8. 介词：pre + position 放在前面的词一放在名词或代词前面的词 （放在一个名词性质的东西前面） Eg. Some books are on the desk. Some students goes to school by bus. My brother joined the army in 1999. 常见介词：in, on, at, before, after, by, with, about, of, over, above, under, below, around, between, among, into, out of, up, down, through… 介词：preposition (prep.) 9. 连词：用于连接单词、短语、句子或从句。分为并列连词和从属连词。 Eg. :She can sing and dance.(连接词与词) Do you want the good news or the bad news first? Someone borrowed my pen, but I don't  remember who. (连接句子与句子) The child had a bad cough, so his mother took  him to the doctor. Don't talk while you're eating. 连词：conjunction (conj.) 并列连词: 不分主次先后 问题导学二2’ 从句的概念? 连词：conjunction (conj.) 从属连词:引导从句的连词 从属:分主次先后 从句 主句 从句 主句 跟从句相对的概念是:主句。 从属连词 主句 从句 (从属连词本质是上连接两个句子的连词） We are talking about whether we admit some students into our club.我们在讨论是否要接纳一些学生进我们俱乐部。 The lady who is talking with my mother brought us a chocolate cake. 和我妈妈聊天的女士给我们带了巧克力蛋糕。 What he said puzzles me. 点拨运用二14’ 10. 感叹词：感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。 Eg.:"Oh, who was that?" Mr. Black asked. Ah, yes, Jeanne married a man with a lot of money. Come, we must hurry. 感叹词：interjection (interj.) Well，Beijing is an ancient city. 课堂小结1' noun (n.) pronoun (pron.) numeral (num.) adjective (adj.) adverb (adv.) verb (v.) article (art.) preposition (prep.) conjunction (conj.) auxiliary (aux.) 副 词 说出下面划线部分所属的词类 1. I want to see a very interesting film. 2. Ann takes notes in the class so she can review after class. 3. The old man doesn’t know the address of his new house. 当堂检测12’ 4.We acknowledged him as a genius. 5.The development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment. 6.The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. 代词eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(人称代词\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(人称代词主格的用法,人称代词宾格的用法,人称代词it的特殊用法)),物主代词\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词)),反身代词,指示代词,不定代词\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(普通不定代词,复合不定代词)),疑问代词)) $$