专题4 定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句辨析-2025年高考英语二轮复习【重难点·易错点】查漏补缺（天津专用）

专题4 定语从句、名词性从句以及状语从句辨析 重难点知识梳理 1. 定语从句与名词性从句区别 定语从句与同位语从句区别 (1) 词类上区别 同位语从句前的名词，分两类： (1)idea, news, information, fact, hope, belief, truth, belief, word消息，thought, possibility, promise, doubt, problem等; (2) proposal, suggestion, recommendation, advice, order, command, request, requirement, demand等。 第(2)类名词出现在同位语从句前时，从句谓语动词使用虚拟语气，其形式为should +动词原形，should可以省略。 判断从句类别： Word came that the rescuers had reached the earthquake-stricken area. (同位语从句) 消息传来，营救人员已经到达地震灾区。 His order came that all soldiers should withdraw from the frontline right now. (同位语从句) 他的命令传来，所有士兵应该马上从前线撤离。 (2)性质上区别 定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴. The news that the company will expand its operation to Europe has excited many employees. （同位语从句） 公司计划将其业务扩展到欧洲的消息让许多员工感到兴奋。 The news which I heard on the radio this morning is not confirmed yet. (定语从句) 我今早在收音机里听到的消息还没有得到确认。 The problem whether we have enough resources to complete the project confuses the person in charge. (同位语从句) 是否有足够的资源来完成这个项目困扰着负责人。 The question which has been on everyone’s mind is how to reduce costs. 每个人都在思考的问题是如何减少成本。(定语从句) (3) 连接词上区别 that的使用： that引导定语从句时，在从句中充当一个成分，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中不能省略。 其它连接词的使用： who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why可引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。how, whether, what不能引导定语从句，可引导同位语从句。 判断从句类别： The team made a suggestion that they should put off the project until next Wednesday. （同位语从句） 这个团队提出建议，他们应该推迟项目到下周三。 I remember the suggestion (that可省略) you made about improving customer service. (定语从句) 我记得你提出的关于提升顾客服务的建议。 He couldn’t understand the reason why the project was delayed. (定语从句) 他不理解这个项目被耽搁的原因。 Nobody could solve the puzzle why the plane disappeared. (同位语从句) 没有人能解决为什么这架飞机消失的谜团。 定语从句与主语从句、宾语从句以及表语从句区别 判断下列从句的类别 (1) Can you show me how I can use this new software? 宾语从句 Can you show me the way I can use this new software? 定语从句 (2) Why the company decided to close the branch remains unknown. 主语从句 The reason why the company decided to close the branch remains unknown. 定语从句 (3) One of the main concerns was where to find the necessary funding for the project. 表语从句 She addressed the concern that many people had about the new policy. 定语从句 2. 定语从句与状语从句区别 判断下列从句的类别 (1) He gave such a moving speech that everyone was in tears. 结果状语从句 We need such a solution as the employee Smith proposed in the meeting. 定语从句 (2) We would assemble at the place where we separated. 定语从句 We would assemble where we separated. 地点状语从句 (3) The moment when he finally realized his dream was truly unforgettable. 定语从句 When he finally realized his dream, he felt the moment unforgettable. 时间状语从句 3. 名词性从句与状语从句区别 (1) whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。 当引导让步状语从句时，可以替换为no matter what/which/who/whom; whenever, wherever, however只能引导让步状语从句，可以替换为no matter when/where/how Whoever wins the election will have a challenging task ahead. 名词性从句 Whoever wins the election, he or she will have a challenging task ahead. 让步状语从句 (2) When we should start the meeting is still under discussion. 名词性从句 When it rains, I always stay indoors. 时间状语从句 (3) Where there is a lack of communication, misunderstanding will arise. 地点状语从句 The question is where I can find the best restaurant in the town. 名词性从句 易错题盘点 (1) what 与how引导的感叹句在名词性从句中的使用 填入合适的连接词what和how He explained how fast the train could travel. 他解释了火车能跑多快。 The committee was impressed by what a comprehensive analysis the researcher presented. 委员会对研究员提出的全面分析印象深刻。 She was amazed by how quickly the children learned. 她对孩子们学得多快感到惊讶。 (2) whatever与however引导的让步状语从句中的使用 填入合适的连接词whatever和however Whatever obstacles we encounter, we must not lose heart. 无论我们遇到什么障碍，我们绝不能丧失信心。 However much you enjoy the movie, it’s important to consider its deeper meaning. 尽管你多么喜欢这部电影，考虑其深层含义也很重要。 (3) 以下表语从句中，填入合适的连接词that, why以及because The reason why the unemployment rate has risen was that many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. 失业率上升的原因是许多公司因经济衰退而被迫裁员。 Many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. That is why the unemployment rate has risen. 许多公司因经济衰退而被迫裁员。那就是为什么失业率高的原因。 The unemployment rate has risen these days. That is because many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. 近期失业率上升。那是很多公司因为经济衰退被迫裁员的原因造成的。 真 题 演 练 1.(2023.天津.高考真题)Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A. why B. which C. that D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 2. (2023.天津.高考真题)Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A. where B. whether C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 3.（2023.天津.高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B。 4.（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 【答案】D 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然你已经长大了，可以自己做判断了，你应该开始追求你的事业了。A. Even if即使；B. As though好像；C. Ever since自从；D. Now that既然。根据“you should start to pursue your career.”可知，主从句之间为因果关系，所以此处使用“既然”符合逻辑，表示“既然你已经长大，有能力自己做判断”，故选D项。 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）________our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world. A．However B．Whatever C．Wherever D．Whichever 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都可以把我们和世界另一端有相同爱好的人联系起来。A. However 然而；B. Whatever 无论什么；C. Wherever 无论哪里；D. Whichever 无论哪一个。________our hobbies 为省略句，其完整句子为________ our hobbies are，从句缺少表语，指物，所以whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”。故选 B。 6.(2022.天津.高考真题)When people think about operating systems__________ were developed for the personal computer, Microsoft may come to mind. A. what B. where C. who D. which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当人们考虑为个人电脑研发的操作系统时，人们想到了微软。分析句子可知，operating systems为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故选D。 7. (2022.天津.高考真题)Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 8.(2022.天津.高考真题)When I was a little boy, __________I looked forward to most was the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival. A. how B. why C. which D. what 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：当我是小男孩的时候，我最盼望的是除夕夜的晚餐。分析句子结构可知，此处为引导名词性从句中主语从句的连接词，且主语从句中缺少look forward to的宾语，所以应该填入what表达“...的东西或事物”，故选D项。 9.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally. A．Although B．Once C．Since D．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然园艺有可能是艰难的体力工作，但是对于那些热爱园艺的人来讲，它却是脑力上的放松。A. Although尽管；B. Once一……就……；C. Since自从；D. Unless除非。由语意可知，“园艺是项艰难的体力工作”与“对于热爱园艺的人而言，园艺工作是脑力上的放松”之间是让步关系，所以此处应用连词although表让步。故选A项。 10.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be too proud. A．Ever since B．Even if C．In case D．As though 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：即使在工作中取得巨大成功，我们也不应该骄傲。A. Ever since自从；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. In case以免；D. As though好像。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，两个句子之间为让步关系，even if意为“即使，尽管”符合语境。故选B项。 11.(2022.天津.高考真题)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 12.（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。 13.（2021·天津·高考真题）Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly. A．because B．until C．before D．although 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A. because因为；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。 14.（2021·天津·高考真题）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school. A．unless B．once C．whether D．because 【答案】．C 【详解】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。 15.（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。 16．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。 17.（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。 18．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 19．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 20．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 21．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。 22.（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。 23.（2020·天津·高考真题）—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much. —______ it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad. A．Only if B．Even though C．Now that D．In case 【答案】B 【详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意:--人们为什么喜欢流行音乐?我非常讨厌它。--即使这不是你的风格，也不意味着它不好。A. Only if只有在……的时候；B. Even though即使，尽管；C. Now that既然；D. In case以防，万一。前半句说:它不是你的风格；后半句说:这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显，前后两句之间是转折关系，空处引导让步状语从句。故选B。 24．（2020·天津·高考真题）__________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him. A．If B．Since C．Although D．Until 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然他能给她同情，但是他几乎无法提供任何实际的帮助。前后文是转折关系，故用although引导的让步状语从句，if引导条件状语从句；since引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句；until引导时间状语从句。故选C。 25.（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。 26．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。 27.（2019·天津·高考真题）The opinion learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A．which B．that C．what D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子成分可知，此处为opinion的同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全、句意完整，应使用that，无词意、不做成分、仅起连接作用。故B选项正确。 28.（2019·天津·高考真题）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support. A．since B．once C．unless D．after 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。A. since既然；B. once一旦；C. unless除非；D. after在……之后。故选C符合语境。 29.（2019·天津·高考真题）Watch out for injuries while exercising. Always stop you begin to feel any pain. A．in order that B．even if C．ever since D．as soon as 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：运动时要小心受伤。一旦你开始感到疼痛，就立即停止。A. in order that为了；B. even if尽管；C. ever since自从；D. as soon as一旦。故D选项正确。 30．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。 31．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：游览紫禁城时，我对中国古代建筑师如何完成如此令人印象深刻的设计和建造感到惊讶。分析句子可知，介词by后接一个宾语从句，空白处在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，故应用how引导该宾语从句。故选D项。 2．（2024·天津河北·二模）Scientists have discovered that it is hundreds of years ______ plastic breaks down, whereas for paper, the period is much shorter. A．when B．before C．since D．after 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：科学家们发现塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的分解周期要短得多。A. when当……时候；B. before在……之前；C. since自从；D. after在……之后。空处引导时间状语从句，为连词词性；根据句意，塑料分解之前有数百年的时间，故应用before。故选B。 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A．that B．when C．where D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：体育世界是一个充满令人兴奋的机会的地方，在那里你可以真正更多地了解自己。根据句子结构可知，“______ you can truly learn more about yourself”是名词“a place”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故选C项。 4．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工在其中享受工作。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词enjoy可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere“氛围”，先行词表地点或环境，空处表工作的环境或氛围，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选A。 5．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。 6．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次展出的这幅杰作向我们生动地展示了我们的祖先去狩猎和抵抗野兽的情景。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scene，为抽象地点名词，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，应用关系副词where引导，作地点状语。故选D。 7．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词。句意：既然我已经决定要创办自己的公司，他是否支持我的计划并不重要。分析句子结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的名词性从句，空格处应该用连词引导主语从句，表示“是否”的意思，故选C。 8．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开车十小时后，我们来到了一所温室，透过它的玻璃墙我们看到了许多绿色的植物。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是house，关与空格后的glass wall是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故选C。 9．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的失败是运气不好造成的，一些球员为此自责。分析句子可知，这里考查blame sb for sth表“为某事责怪某人”，为固定搭配，且这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Our defeat，作介词for后面宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故选B项。 10．（2024·天津和平·二模）We didn’t notice _______ we had got away off the path until we were deep in the forest. A．how far B．so far C．how long D．so long 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：直到进入森林深处，我们才注意到我们已经离开小路有多远了。A. how far有多远；B. so far到目前为止；C. how long多长时间；D. so long再见。此处为宾语从句，根据后文we had got away off the path可知，此处指注意到我们已经离开小路有多远了。故选A。 11．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ decision you make, it will ultimately shape the course of your life and determine your future happiness and success. A．Whichever B．Whatever C．Whenever D．Wherever 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你做了什么决定，它最终都会塑造你的人生轨迹，决定你未来的幸福和成功。A. Whichever无论哪一个；B. Whatever无论什么；C. Whenever无论何时；D. Wherever无论哪里。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故选B。 12．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你难道没有想到这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里it是形式主语，空格处引导的从句是真正的主语成分，从句缺少介词about的宾语，上下文需要“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。 13．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是如此自私，以至于他达到了一个我们团队里没有人想和他说话的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A项。 14．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“最有效的事情”。故选A项。 15．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词accidents“事故”在从句中作地点状语成分。故选D项。 16．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这位科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系。A. that(无意义)；B. what什么，……的事；C. how如何，怎样；D. whether是否。根据后文there is a relationship between sleep and memory可知，此处表示“有关睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系的研究”，用whether引导。故选D。 17．（2024·天津·二模）You should bring your jacket with you __________ the weather takes a turn and becomes cold later. A．so that B．as if C．in case D．even if 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你应该带上一件夹克，以防过会儿变天，天气会冷。A. so that以至于；B. as if好像；C. in case以防万一；D. even if即使。根据句意，带上夹克的目的就是为了防止天气变冷，in case符合题意，故选C项。 18．（2024·天津·二模）______ there is a specific date for World Mental Health Day, it is often celebrated over the course of a week. A．When B．As C．Since D．While 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然世界精神卫生日有具体的日期，但庆祝活动通常持续一周。A. When当……时；B. As因为；C. Since自从；D. While尽管。前文“there is a specific date for World Mental Health Day”和后文“it is often celebrated over the course of a week”构成转折关系，所以应用连词while表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as表示“尽管”时句子应用部分倒装结构，不符合题意。故选D。 19．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is ________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛雅文明的复杂结构最不同寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造的。设空处接在be动词后，连接表语从句，句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故选B。 20．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。 21．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业回到家乡后，珍妮发现它不再是以前的那个村庄了。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，village是先行词，从句中缺少表语，因此使用关系代词that引导定语从句，故选A项。 22．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end? A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when 【答案】C 【详解】考查插入语及固定句式的用法。句意：你认为俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的冲突要多久才能结束？do you think是插入语，它用疑问句的形式，后面应该用陈述语气，故排除BD；这里固定句式it will be +some time before +…表示“还要过多久才能……”。故选C。 23．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他被邀请参加在成都举行的2023年世界智能制造大会。分析句子结构可知，“______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu”是同位语从句，解释说明message的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，只起引导作用，且不可省略。故选A项。 24．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：电影中有数百个这样的场景，其中瓢泼大雨映射出了角色们的悲伤情绪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词为scenes，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 25．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A．how B．what C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：音乐这一通用语言有助于实现国与国之间交流的目标。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what。故选B。 26．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的平等和卓越的教育是我们应该努力追求并进一步深入了解的时代课题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词issues。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D。 27．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：现在重要的不是责怪任何人，而是团结一致解决问题。分析句子结构可知，该空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代事物，用连接代词What。故选B项。 28．（2024·天津·二模）As usual, I went to work on foot that day _______ it was raining heavily. A．so that B．as though C．in case D．even though 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词短语辨析。句意：尽管那天下着大雨，我还是像往常一样步行去上班。A. so that以便；B. as though似乎；C. in case以防；D. even though尽管。根据“As usual, I went to work on foot that day”和“it was raining heavily”可知，前后构成让步关系，应用even though引导让步状语从句。故选D。 29．（2024·天津·二模）He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查关系副词。句意：他在找一份新工作，一份能挣更多的钱来养家的工作。先行词为one ，代指a new job，在定语从句从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故选D项。 30．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：看来吉姆已经成为了他父母希望他成为的人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，应用what引导。故选C。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题4 定语从句、名词性从句以及状语从句辨析 重难点知识梳理 1. 定语从句与名词性从句区别 定语从句与同位语从句区别 (1) 词类上区别 同位语从句前的名词，分两类： (1)idea, news, information, fact, hope, belief, truth, belief, word消息，thought, possibility, promise, doubt, problem等; (2) proposal, suggestion, recommendation, advice, order, command, request, requirement, demand等。 第(2)类名词出现在同位语从句前时，从句谓语动词使用__________语气，其形式为________________。 判断从句类别： Word came that the rescuers had reached the earthquake-stricken area. _____________ His order came that all soldiers should withdraw from the frontline right now. _____________ (2)性质上区别 定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴. 判断从句类别： The news that the company will expand its operation to Europe has excited many employees. ________________ The news which I heard on the radio this morning is not confirmed yet. ______________ The problem whether we have enough resources to complete the project confuses the person in charge. ______________ The question which has been on everyone’s mind is how to reduce costs. ______________ (3) 连接词上区别 that的使用： that引导定语从句时，在从句中充当一个成分，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中不能省略。 其它连接词的使用： who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why可引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。how, whether, what不能引导定语从句，可引导同位语从句。 判断从句类别： The team made a suggestion that they should put off the project until next Wednesday. _____________ I remember the suggestion (that可省略) you made about improving customer service. _____________ He couldn’t understand the reason why the project was delayed. _____________ Nobody could solve the puzzle why the plane disappeared. ______________ 定语从句与主语从句、宾语从句以及表语从句区别 判断下列从句的类别 (1) Can you show me how I can use this new software? ________________ Can you show me the way I can use this new software? _______________ (2) Why the company decided to close the branch remains unknown. _______________ The reason why the company decided to close the branch remains unknown. _________________ (3) One of the main concerns was where to find the necessary funding for the project. _______________ She addressed the concern that many people had about the new policy. ________________ 2. 定语从句与状语从句区别 判断下列从句的类别 (1) He gave such a moving speech that everyone was in tears. _________________ We need such a solution as the employee Smith proposed in the meeting.________________ (2) We would assemble at the place where we separated. ________________ We would assemble where we separated. ________________ (3) The moment when he finally realized his dream was truly unforgettable. ________________ When he finally realized his dream, he felt the moment unforgettable. _______________ 3. 名词性从句与状语从句区别 (1) whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。 当引导让步状语从句时，可以替换为____________________________________; whenever, wherever, however只能引导让步状语从句，可以替换为______________________________________. Whoever wins the election will have a challenging task ahead. ________________ Whoever wins the election, he or she will have a challenging task ahead. _________________ (2) When we should start the meeting is still under discussion. ________________ When it rains, I always stay indoors. ________________ (3) Where there is a lack of communication, misunderstanding will arise. ________________ The question is where I can find the best restaurant in the town.________________ 易错题盘点 (1) what 与how引导的感叹句在名词性从句中的使用 填入合适的连接词what和how He explained __________ fast the train could travel. The committee was impressed by ____________ a comprehensive analysis the researcher presented. She was amazed by__________ quickly the children learned. (2) whatever与however引导的让步状语从句中的使用 填入合适的连接词whatever和however ____________ obstacles we encounter, we must not lose heart. _____________ much you enjoy the movie, it’s important to consider its deeper meaning. (3) 以下表语从句中，填入合适的连接词that, why以及because The reason why the unemployment rate has risen was___________many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. 失业率上升的原因是许多公司因经济衰退而被迫裁员。 Many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. That is___________ the unemployment rate has risen. 许多公司因经济衰退而被迫裁员。那就是为什么失业率高的原因。 The unemployment rate has risen these days. That is ___________ many companies have been forced to lay off employees due to economic downturns. 近期失业率上升。那是很多公司因为经济衰退被迫裁员的原因造成的。 真 题 演 练 1.(2023.天津.高考真题)Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A. why B. which C. that D. where 2. (2023.天津.高考真题)Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A. where B. whether C. whose D. which 3.（2023.天津.高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 4.（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. A．Even if B．As though C．Ever since D．Now that 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）________our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world. A．However B．Whatever C．Wherever D．Whichever 6.(2022.天津.高考真题)When people think about operating systems__________ were developed for the personal computer, Microsoft may come to mind. A. what B. where C. who D. which 7. (2022.天津.高考真题)Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 8.(2022.天津.高考真题)When I was a little boy, __________I looked forward to most was the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival. A. how B. why C. which D. what 9.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally. A．Although B．Once C．Since D．Unless 10.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be too proud. A．Ever since B．Even if C．In case D．As though 11.(2022.天津.高考真题)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 12.（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 13.（2021·天津·高考真题）Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly. A．because B．until C．before D．although 14.（2021·天津·高考真题）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school. A．unless B．once C．whether D．because 15.（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 16．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 17.（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 18．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 19．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 20．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 21．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 22.（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 23.（2020·天津·高考真题）—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much. —______ it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad. A．Only if B．Even though C．Now that D．In case 24．（2020·天津·高考真题）__________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him. A．If B．Since C．Although D．Until 25.（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 26．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 27.（2019·天津·高考真题）The opinion learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A．which B．that C．what D．how 28.（2019·天津·高考真题）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support. A．since B．once C．unless D．after 29.（2019·天津·高考真题）Watch out for injuries while exercising. Always stop you begin to feel any pain. A．in order that B．even if C．ever since D．as soon as 30．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 31．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects accomplished such impressive design and construction. A．that B．what C．which D．how 2．（2024·天津河北·二模）Scientists have discovered that it is hundreds of years ______ plastic breaks down, whereas for paper, the period is much shorter. A．when B．before C．since D．after 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A．that B．when C．where D．what 4．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 5．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it. A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever 6．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 7．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 8．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 9．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 10．（2024·天津和平·二模）We didn’t notice _______ we had got away off the path until we were deep in the forest. A．how far B．so far C．how long D．so long 11．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ decision you make, it will ultimately shape the course of your life and determine your future happiness and success. A．Whichever B．Whatever C．Whenever D．Wherever 12．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．that B．when C．how D．what 13．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 14．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile. A．what B．that C．which D．how 15．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 16．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 17．（2024·天津·二模）You should bring your jacket with you __________ the weather takes a turn and becomes cold later. A．so that B．as if C．in case D．even if 18．（2024·天津·二模）______ there is a specific date for World Mental Health Day, it is often celebrated over the course of a week. A．When B．As C．Since D．While 19．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is ________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 20．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 21．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 22．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to an end? A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when 23．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 24．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 25．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A．how B．what C．which D．why 26．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 27．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve the problem. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 28．（2024·天津·二模）As usual, I went to work on foot that day _______ it was raining heavily. A．so that B．as though C．in case D．even though 29．（2024·天津·二模）He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 30．（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be. A．whether B．where C．what D．when 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$