Unit1 People of Achievement Discover Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Discover useful structure Unit1 -区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 To learn to use non-restrictive relative clauses. To make sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. Warm up ...的 Lead in Combine the sentences, using relative clauses. The doctor is making a speech. The doctor is Zhong Nanshan. Restrictive relative clauses(定语从句) lead-in The doctor who is making a speech is Zhong Nanshan. The research is great. Tu Youyou is doing a research. The research which Tu Youyou is doing is great. 定语从句 限制性定语从句 （限定性定语从句） 非限制性定语从句 （非限定性定语从句） Translate 请把我桌子上的书递给我。 Please pass me the book which/that is on my desk. 请把我的语文书递给我，它在我的桌子上。 Please pass me my Chinese book, which is on my desk. 限制性定从修饰限定先行词，与先行词之间关系紧密， 全句可译为一句 “…的”。 非限制性定从补充说明先行词，与先行词之间关系松散， 主从句用 “,” 隔开，全句常译为两句。 一、定语从句的种类 先行词 结构（外观） 翻译 限定 加以区分（多个）先行词与关系词之间没有逗号 翻译在前 非限定 补充说明（唯一）先行词与关系词之间有逗号 并列句 二、限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别 My brother who is 18 is a soldier. My brother，who is 18, is a soldier. 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 This is the boy who broke his leg. 这是那位摔断腿的男孩。 This is my cousin,who broke his leg. 这是我的表哥，他摔断了腿。 I know a girl who is good at skiing. 我认识一位擅长滑雪的女孩。 I know Jenny,who is good at skiing. 我认识Jenny，她擅长滑雪。 区别一：外观区别，逗号 区别二：含义和作用不同，是否影响先行词的明确性 含义和作用区别 限制性定语从句，去掉从句部分句意受影响。紧密限定先行词，不可缺少，否则无法明确表明先行词。 非限制性定语从句去掉从句部分，主句含义不受影响。只对先行词提供补充说明，即使省略也不影响先行词的明确性，只起到使人更加充分了解先行词的作用. 01.People who take physical exercise live longer. （若把从句去掉句子就失去意义） 02.His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.（若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整） 先行词不唯一，缩小范围，限定。 先行词唯一，没必要限定，为附加说明。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 意义上 作用上 翻译上 关系词 无逗号 有逗号 去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确 去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚 修饰限定 只修饰一个名词或代词 补充说明 可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子 译为“……的” 常译成与主句并列的句子 作宾语时可省略 关系词一般不可省略 不能用that, why引导 非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用跟限制性定语从句中一样， 要看被修饰词在从句中所担任的成分确定。 请区别以下的句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句。 01He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。 02.This is my motorbike,which was sent to me by my uncle.这是我的摩托车，它是我叔叔送的。 03.This is the book (which/that) he refers to.这就是他提到的那本书。 04.This novel，which I have read three times，is very touching。这部小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。 05.Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history. 06.Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy. 07.Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retires last year. 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如： He didn’t finish the homework that his teacher asked.（先行词为 ） He didn’t finish the homework,which means his teacher will be angry.(先行词为 ) the homework 前面的一个整句，即没有完成作业这件事。 区别三：先行词不同 区别三：关系词不同 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 O / / O 先行词跟从句里的名词 有从属关系时 先行词在从句中 做状语时 / S/O S/O 非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用跟限制性定语从句中一样，要看被修饰词在从句中所担任的成分确定。 非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略。 that 和 why 不可引导非限制性定语从句。 介词+关系代词可以引导非限制性定语从句。 三、关系词的选择 定语从句的引导词(关系词) 关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词：when/where/why 主语 宾语 定语 状语 人 物 that who as that/ / who/whom as whose that which as that/ / which as whose when where why 非限定从无 非限定从用 非限定从无 非限定从无 非限定从无 非限定从用 非限定从用 非限定从用 for which ↑ 非限定从无 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 I will never forget the days____________we spent in Shanghai. His dog,_______he likes very much,died yesterday. That’s the man___________you are looking for. That’s Mr.Lin ,______you are looking for. Tom dindn’t finish the task____________his manager assigned. Tom didn’t finish the task,______means he will lose his job. that/which/略 which who/whom/略 whom that/which/略 which 先行词（物）在句中做宾语时，关系词能省略， 也可用that 先行词（物）在句中做宾语时，关系词不能 省略，不能用that 先行词（人）在句中做宾语时，whom可用 who替代（口头、非正式）本句that重复不用 先行词（人）在句中做宾语时，whom不能 用who代替。 用法同1，但在限制性定从中which只代表被 修饰的名词（词组） 在非限制性定从中which还可代表前面的 部分句子或一整句。 关系词的选择(①限/非限②先行词在从句中的成分) 非限制性定语从句中特有的As做关系词的用法 As we all know,the earth is round. He forgot to bring his pen,as was often the case. as引导非限制性定语从句，代替一整句，可放句首，句中，句末 （相当于which，但位置更灵活，which只在先行词后） as的固定搭配 as we all know 正如我们所知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as it is known、as is known to all 众所周知 as is usual、as is often the case 如往常一样 as is reported/said 正如报道所说 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 介词+关系代词引导定语从句 介词 + which whom whose+n. 先行词为物 先行词为人 先行词为人/物，在从句中做定语。 He showed me the house he lived. in which This is Tom, I went to the library yesterday. with whom This is Tom, father I learned a lot. from whose 从属关系“....的” 1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词 2.根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的搭配确定介词 3.根据先行词与介词的搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 练习：用合适的关系词填空 ①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children,____________is quite unexpected. ②The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018. ③Can you tell me the reason__________he was absent yesterday? ④Einstein,__________was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. ⑤Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of______recovered. which which/that/略 why who whom 意想不到的 一整年 缺席 明确 小结 Underline the relative clauses and Name two types of clauses and state their functions 1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients. 4.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered. Sentence Type Antecedent(先行词） Part of speech in a sentence(句子成分） Function 1.restrictive 2.non-restrictive 3.non-restrictive 4.non-restrictive 1.hundreds of Chinese medical treatments 2.the Nobel Prize 3.Hainan 4.malaria patients 1.subject 2.subject 3.adverbial 4.object 1.Describe and modify(修饰）the kind of medical treatments they tested. 2.Give extra information about the Nobel Prize. 3.Give extra information about Hainan. 4.Give extra information about the patients. 1. 只用that不用which的情况 ①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等) Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? All that Lily told me seems untrue. ②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰 This is the very bus that I am waiting for. The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money. ③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如： This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen? ④先行词既有人又有物 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑤避免重复 主句的主语是疑问词who或which Which is the bike that you have lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 2. 只用which不用that的情况 ① 非限制性定语从句 ② 关系代词前有介词（介词锁定） ③ 先行词本身是that（避免重复） 3. 只用who不用that的情况 ① 先行词是指人的不定代词， 如：one , ones, anyone, no one, those等 Those who have not got your textbooks please raise you hands. ② there be结构中先行词指人 There is a man who calls himself Mr. S joining our team. ③ 分隔式定语从句中 I was one of the persons in my office who were invited. 限制性定语从句中as, which, that的区别 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don't read such books as you can't understand. 非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面， 那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn't expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. HOMEWORK Finish the exercise on page62 Thank you Lavf57.71.100 Codec by Bilibili XCode Worker v4.8.34(fixed_gap:False) $$