阅读理解之航空航天篇 广西3年真题及全国2024真题汇编

阅读理解之航天航空解析版 一、广西真题（2022-2024） （一） （2022·广西河池·中考真题） （2022·广西河池·中考真题）On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them. Use it or lose it The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work. Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss. Space water is different Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！ During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. 1．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9. A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography 2．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________. A．their bodies will stop growing B．they have to work for long hours C．they might lose some of their muscles D．their muscles have to support more weight 3．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture. A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle 4．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space? A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs. B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward. C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball. D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags. 5．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space. A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【知识点】科普知识、记叙文、航天与航空 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了12月9日，中国的三位航天员在“天宫”空间站给地球上的学生们上的一节大开眼界的科学课。 1．细节理解题。根据“On Dec.9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth!”可知在12月9日，中国的三位航天员在地球上方400公里的地方上了一堂科学课。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.”可知据报道，航天员可以在几个星期内就失去他们身上20%的肌肉。这对航天员来说是非常危险的，因为他们会变得虚弱而无法工作。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”.”可知在讲座中，翟志刚向大家介绍了叶光富身上正穿着的一种特殊的服装，叫做“企鹅服”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup.”可知如果你尝试把水倒进一个杯子里，水是不会往下流动的。选项B“如果航天员把水倒进一个杯子里，水是会往下流的。”表述错误。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“This can never happen on Earth”可知在空间站所做的科学实验，在地球上是从来不可能发生的，说明这些实验让人“大开眼界”，可用eye-opening来形容。故选D。 一、全国真题（2024） （二） （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） BEIJING, May 28, 2024 (Xinhua News)—The Shenzhou-18 crew (全体工作人员) completed the first spacewalk of their mission (任务) at 6:58 p.m. (Beijing Time) on Tuesday, according to the CMSA (中国载人航天局). The two members of the Shenzhou-18, Ye Guangfu and Li Guangsu, started their spacewalk. They worked outside the Tiangong space station for nearly 8.5 hours. With the help of space equipment (设备) and a team on Earth, they successfully completed many tasks during their spacewalk, including some difficult fixing tasks. Now they have returned to the Wentian lab module (实验舱). The third crew member, Li Cong, stayed inside Tiangong to provide support. The Shenzhou-18 crew has set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronauts. This marked Ye’s second time to have a spacewalk, and his first spacewalk was in the Shenzhou-13 mission, but this is the first time for Li Guangsu to start a spacewalk. The mission will include many tasks. First of all, the three members will do a series of space science experiments (实验) and many necessary tests. And then, they will carry out more activities and do some fixing work outside the space station. The three astronauts will work on board Tiangong until late October, according to the CMSA． So far, Chinese astronauts have successfully carried out 15 spacewalks in all. On September 27, 2008, astronaut Zhai Zhigang in Shenzhou-7 mission made history as China’s first person to take a spacewalk, which lasted about 19 minutes. The Shenzhou-15 crew has achieved a milestone (里程碑) by having 4 spacewalks, marking the highest number of spacewalks by a single Chinese astronaut crew. The Shenzhou-17 members completed, for the first time, the repair work to keep the equipment in good condition during their second spacewalk, which lasted about 8 hours. 6．What is the news mainly about? A．Li Cong provided support inside the space station. B．The Shenzhou-17 crew started to carry out new tasks. C．The Shenzhou-18 crew completed the first spacewalk. D．Ye Guangfu worked outside the space station for 8.5 hours. 7．What is the new record set by the Shenzhou-18 crew? A．The longest single spacewalk. B．The most difficult fixing tasks. C．The most successful experiments. D．The highest number of spacewalks. 8．What will the three members do in their mission according to the passage? A．Planting some fruits. B．Giving lessons to students. C．Receiving education. D．Doing many necessary tests. 9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last 3 paragraphs? A．The Shenzhou-17 crew has completed 4 spacewalks in all. B．China has made great achievements in Space Technology so far. C．Zhai Zhigang made history by taking a spacewalk for 190 minutes. D．The Shenzhou-15 crew completed the repair work for the first time. 【答案】6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 【知识点】新闻报道、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要讲述了神舟十八号全体工作人员完成了他们任务中的第一次太空行走。 6．主旨大意题。根据“The Shenzhou-18 crew (全体工作人员) completed the first spacewalk of their mission (任务) at 6:58 p.m. (Beijing Time) on Tuesday”可知，这则新闻主要是讲述了神舟十八号全体工作人员完成了他们任务中的第一次太空行走。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“The Shenzhou-18 crew has set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronauts.”可知，神舟十八号乘组创下中国航天员单次太空行走时间最长的新纪录。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“The mission will include many tasks. First of all, the three members will do a series of space science experiments (实验) and many necessary tests”可知，做许多必要的测试是他们的任务之一。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据“So far, Chinese astronauts have successfully carried out 15 spacewalks in all.”、“The Shenzhou-15 crew has achieved a milestone (里程碑) by having 4 spacewalks, marking the highest number of spacewalks by a single Chinese astronaut crew.”及“The Shenzhou-17 members completed, for the first time, the repair work to keep the equipment in good condition during their second spacewalk”可知，最后三段讲述了中国在太空科技上取得的巨大成就。故选B。 （三） （2024·四川内江·中考真题） Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth today (April 30, 2024) after six months in space. The Shenzhou-17 spaceship landed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region today at 5:46 pm Beijing time, about nine hours after leaving China’s Tiangong space station. All three Shenzhou-17 members—Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin—are healthy and safe, according to Xinhua News Agency. It was sent into space on October 25 and arrived at Tiangong about 6.5 hours later. It was China’s sixth manned (载人的) visit to Tiangong. The Shenzhou-17 crew (乘组) was the youngest crew ever to visit Tiangong: Tang Hongbo was 48, Tang Shengjie was 34 and Jiang Xinlin was 35. However, that record was just broken by the astronauts of the Shenzhou-18: Ye Guangfu, Li Guangsu and Li Cong were just 43, 36 and 34 years old. The Shenzhou-17 crew did a lot of scientific experiments (实验) during the six months. They performed two space walks—one in December, 2023 and the other in March, 2024. On February 9, 2024, the astronauts specially recorded a video to send New Year’s greetings to everyone on the space station. On April 25, they welcomed the crew of Shenzhou-18 to Tiangong space station. Five days later, Shenzhou-17 manned spaceship returned and landed successfully. The crew members were in good physical condition. This manned flight was a complete success! 10．Who is a Shenzhou-17 member? A．Li Cong. B．Ye Guangfu. C．Li Guangsu. D．Tang Shengjie. 11．When did the Shenzhou-17 crew perform the second space walk? A．In October, 2023. B．In December, 2023. C．In March, 2024. D．In April, 2024. 12．What is most probably this text? A．A letter. B．A news report. C．A travel guide. D．An advertisement. 13．What can be the best title for this text? A．Shenzhou-18 Was Sent into Space B．The Development of Tiangong Space Station C．Shenzhou-17 Returned to Earth Successfully D．Tiangong Space Station Welcomed New Comers 【答案】10．D 11．C 12．B 13．C 【知识点】新闻报道、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要讲述了2024年4月30日，三名中国宇航员在太空停留六个月后返回地球。 10．细节理解题。根据“All three Shenzhou-17 members—Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin—are healthy and safe”可知，唐胜杰是神舟十七号的成员。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据“They performed two space walks—one in December, 2023 and the other in March, 2024.”可知，神舟十七号乘员第二次太空行走是2024年3月。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据“Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth today (April 30, 2024) after six months in space.”可知，三名中国宇航员在太空飞行六个月后，于今日（四月三十日）返回地球，因此可推知这是一篇新闻报道。故选B。 13．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了2024年4月30日，三名中国宇航员在太空停留六个月后返回地球，因此最佳标题为“神舟十七号成功返回地球”。故选C。 （四） （2024·山东烟台·中考真题） A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang’e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang’e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side. The moon’s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It’s facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang’e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer. “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 14．When did Chang’e 6 begin to work on the moon? A．On May 3, 2024. B．After flying for about 37 minutes. C．In the winter of 2020. D．After landing on the moon’s far side. 15．How many times has China got samples from the moon’s near side? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Five times. D．Ten times. 16．According to the passage, the moon’s far side ________. A．receives less sunlight than the near side B．has thicker soil compared with the near side C．can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D．has more recent volcanic activities than the near side 17．What can we learn from Martin Sweeting’s words? A．Chang’e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B．Chang’e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C．Chang’e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D．Chang’e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 【答案】14．D 15．A 16．B 17．B 【知识点】说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要介绍了长征5号的情况，由此引出对于月球情况的介绍，突出了从月球上带回样本对于航空事业有重大帮助。 14．细节理解题。根据“Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days.”可知，探测器被设定在月球背面着陆后，开始了它的任务，故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据“This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey…but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side.”可知，这是世界上第一次尝试从月球背面采集样本。对中国来说，这是第二次取样返回月球之旅，之前所有这些样本都是从月球近侧收集的，也就是说中国已经有过一次从月球近侧采集样本，故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据“Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side”可知，月球背面的土壤比近侧厚得多，故选B。 17．推理判断题。根据“Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community”可知，嫦娥6号收集的远端样本和近端样本对国际社会来说将具有重大的科学价值，也就是说嫦娥六号正在为世界执行一项有价值的任务，故选B。 （五） （2024·湖北·中考真题） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 18．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 19．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 20．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 21．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 22．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C 21．A 22．D 【知识点】中华文化、说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 18．细节理解题。根据“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据“Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。 21．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。 22．主旨大意题。根据“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。 （六） （2024·江苏扬州·中考真题） China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon. MENGZHOU AND LANYUETake Chinese People’s Dream To The Moon Closer Mengzhou — The manned spacecraft Meaning of the name: Dream boat The name carries the Chinese people’s space exploration dreams to the moon. Main tasks: •Carry out China’s manned lunar exploration •Operate near-Earth space station Payload: For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. Lanyue — The lunar lander Meaning of the name: Clasping the moon The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the moon. Main tasks: •Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface •Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon •Support lunar exploration and activities Payload: It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. Exploration Steps 1. Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue. 2. The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander. 3. The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface. 4. The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned. 5. After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit. 6. The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft. 7. The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to Earth with the moon samples. 23．Which of the following is Lanyue’s task? A．Operate near-Earth space station. B．Support Earth exploration and activities. C．Transport between the ground and space station. D．Work as the center for energy supply on the moon. 24．What can we learn from the exploration steps? A．The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space. B．Astronauts reach and leave the moon in the Lanyue lander. C．Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station. D．The Lanyue lander returns to Earth with the samples on the moon. 25．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To encourage the youth to make inventions for China’s moon program. B．To tell the reader about the history of China’s lunar exploration journey. C．To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task. D．To give information on the new spacecraft for China’s manned lunar exploration task. 【答案】23．D 24．B 25．D 【知识点】说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。 23．细节理解题。根据“Main tasks: ... Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon”可知，作为月球上的能源供应中心是“揽月”的任务。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据“The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.”及“After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.”可知，宇航员乘坐“揽月”着陆器到达和离开月球。故选B。 25．主旨大意题。根据“China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue ... Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。因此其目的是为了提供一些关于中国载人探月任务的新宇宙飞船的信息。故选D。 试卷第8页，共13页 试卷第7页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解航天航空原文 一、广西真题（2022-2024） （一） （2022·广西河池·中考真题） On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them. Use it or lose it The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work. Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss. Space water is different Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！ During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. 1．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9. A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography 2．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________. A．their bodies will stop growing B．they have to work for long hours C．they might lose some of their muscles D．their muscles have to support more weight 3．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture. A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle 4．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space? A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs. B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward. C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball. D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags. 5．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space. A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening 一、全国真题（2024） （二） （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） BEIJING, May 28, 2024 (Xinhua News)—The Shenzhou-18 crew (全体工作人员) completed the first spacewalk of their mission (任务) at 6:58 p.m. (Beijing Time) on Tuesday, according to the CMSA (中国载人航天局). The two members of the Shenzhou-18, Ye Guangfu and Li Guangsu, started their spacewalk. They worked outside the Tiangong space station for nearly 8.5 hours. With the help of space equipment (设备) and a team on Earth, they successfully completed many tasks during their spacewalk, including some difficult fixing tasks. Now they have returned to the Wentian lab module (实验舱). The third crew member, Li Cong, stayed inside Tiangong to provide support. The Shenzhou-18 crew has set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronauts. This marked Ye’s second time to have a spacewalk, and his first spacewalk was in the Shenzhou-13 mission, but this is the first time for Li Guangsu to start a spacewalk. The mission will include many tasks. First of all, the three members will do a series of space science experiments (实验) and many necessary tests. And then, they will carry out more activities and do some fixing work outside the space station. The three astronauts will work on board Tiangong until late October, according to the CMSA． So far, Chinese astronauts have successfully carried out 15 spacewalks in all. On September 27, 2008, astronaut Zhai Zhigang in Shenzhou-7 mission made history as China’s first person to take a spacewalk, which lasted about 19 minutes. The Shenzhou-15 crew has achieved a milestone (里程碑) by having 4 spacewalks, marking the highest number of spacewalks by a single Chinese astronaut crew. The Shenzhou-17 members completed, for the first time, the repair work to keep the equipment in good condition during their second spacewalk, which lasted about 8 hours. 6．What is the news mainly about? A．Li Cong provided support inside the space station. B．The Shenzhou-17 crew started to carry out new tasks. C．The Shenzhou-18 crew completed the first spacewalk. D．Ye Guangfu worked outside the space station for 8.5 hours. 7．What is the new record set by the Shenzhou-18 crew? A．The longest single spacewalk. B．The most difficult fixing tasks. C．The most successful experiments. D．The highest number of spacewalks. 8．What will the three members do in their mission according to the passage? A．Planting some fruits. B．Giving lessons to students. C．Receiving education. D．Doing many necessary tests. 9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last 3 paragraphs? A．The Shenzhou-17 crew has completed 4 spacewalks in all. B．China has made great achievements in Space Technology so far. C．Zhai Zhigang made history by taking a spacewalk for 190 minutes. D．The Shenzhou-15 crew completed the repair work for the first time. （三） （2024·四川内江·中考真题） Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth today (April 30, 2024) after six months in space. The Shenzhou-17 spaceship landed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region today at 5:46 pm Beijing time, about nine hours after leaving China’s Tiangong space station. All three Shenzhou-17 members—Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin—are healthy and safe, according to Xinhua News Agency. It was sent into space on October 25 and arrived at Tiangong about 6.5 hours later. It was China’s sixth manned (载人的) visit to Tiangong. The Shenzhou-17 crew (乘组) was the youngest crew ever to visit Tiangong: Tang Hongbo was 48, Tang Shengjie was 34 and Jiang Xinlin was 35. However, that record was just broken by the astronauts of the Shenzhou-18: Ye Guangfu, Li Guangsu and Li Cong were just 43, 36 and 34 years old. The Shenzhou-17 crew did a lot of scientific experiments (实验) during the six months. They performed two space walks—one in December, 2023 and the other in March, 2024. On February 9, 2024, the astronauts specially recorded a video to send New Year’s greetings to everyone on the space station. On April 25, they welcomed the crew of Shenzhou-18 to Tiangong space station. Five days later, Shenzhou-17 manned spaceship returned and landed successfully. The crew members were in good physical condition. This manned flight was a complete success! 10．Who is a Shenzhou-17 member? A．Li Cong. B．Ye Guangfu. C．Li Guangsu. D．Tang Shengjie. 11．When did the Shenzhou-17 crew perform the second space walk? A．In October, 2023. B．In December, 2023. C．In March, 2024. D．In April, 2024. 12．What is most probably this text? A．A letter. B．A news report. C．A travel guide. D．An advertisement. 13．What can be the best title for this text? A．Shenzhou-18 Was Sent into Space B．The Development of Tiangong Space Station C．Shenzhou-17 Returned to Earth Successfully D．Tiangong Space Station Welcomed New Comers （四） （2024·山东烟台·中考真题） A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang’e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang’e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side. The moon’s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It’s facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang’e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer. “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 14．When did Chang’e 6 begin to work on the moon? A．On May 3, 2024. B．After flying for about 37 minutes. C．In the winter of 2020. D．After landing on the moon’s far side. 15．How many times has China got samples from the moon’s near side? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Five times. D．Ten times. 16．According to the passage, the moon’s far side ________. A．receives less sunlight than the near side B．has thicker soil compared with the near side C．can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D．has more recent volcanic activities than the near side 17．What can we learn from Martin Sweeting’s words? A．Chang’e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B．Chang’e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C．Chang’e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D．Chang’e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. （五） （2024·湖北·中考真题） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 18．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 19．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 20．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 21．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 22．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. （六） （2024·江苏扬州·中考真题） China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon. MENGZHOU AND LANYUETake Chinese People’s Dream To The Moon Closer Mengzhou — The manned spacecraft Meaning of the name: Dream boat The name carries the Chinese people’s space exploration dreams to the moon. Main tasks: •Carry out China’s manned lunar exploration •Operate near-Earth space station Payload: For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. Lanyue — The lunar lander Meaning of the name: Clasping the moon The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the moon. Main tasks: •Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface •Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon •Support lunar exploration and activities Payload: It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. Exploration Steps 1. Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue. 2. The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander. 3. The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface. 4. The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned. 5. After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit. 6. The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft. 7. The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to Earth with the moon samples. 23．Which of the following is Lanyue’s task? A．Operate near-Earth space station. B．Support Earth exploration and activities. C．Transport between the ground and space station. D．Work as the center for energy supply on the moon. 24．What can we learn from the exploration steps? A．The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space. B．Astronauts reach and leave the moon in the Lanyue lander. C．Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station. D．The Lanyue lander returns to Earth with the samples on the moon. 25．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To encourage the youth to make inventions for China’s moon program. B．To tell the reader about the history of China’s lunar exploration journey. C．To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task. D．To give information on the new spacecraft for China’s manned lunar exploration task. 试卷第8页，共9页 试卷第1页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$