UNIT2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 [教材示例] 观察黑体部分并感悟规律 1．Our facilities have been enlarged and redone，and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. 2．The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool... 3．...and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 4．In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options，including modern dance. 5．Weight training classes，for example，are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. [我的发现] 1．句2和句5运用的是现在进行时的被动语态，谓语动词的构成为：be_(am/is/are)＋being＋done。 2．句1、句3和句4都使用了现在完成时的被动语态，谓语动词的构成为：has/have_been＋done。 一、现在进行时的被动语态 (一)构成 现在进行时的被动语态表示某动作正在被进行。其基本构成为： 肯定句 be (am/is/are)＋being done 否定句 be (am/is/are)＋ not ＋ being done 一般疑问式 be (am/is/are)＋主语＋ being done？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋ be (am/is/are)＋主语＋ being done？ All living conditions are being improved. 所有的生活条件正在被改善。 The new hospital isn't being built at the moment. 那个新医院目前没有在建设之中。 Is this film being put on in the cinema this week? 本周这部电影正在这家电影院上映吗？ Where is the activity being held now? 现在这项活动在哪里举行？ (二)用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常与now，at the moment等时间状语以及祈使动词如look，listen等连用。 More than 2，500 people are being treated in the hospital，including 699 in intensive care. 超过2 500人在医院接受治疗，其中699人在重症监护室。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定正在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 这些动物以如此速度被捕杀，它们很快就会消失。 3.表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 Tom is always being praised by the teacher. 汤姆总是被老师表扬。 4．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 —Do you know what Smith is doing? 你知道史密斯正在做什么吗？ —He is ill.He may be being examined by the doctor. 他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。 [名师点津]　(1)stay，love，have，want，belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 Nowadays，football is becoming more and more popular.In other words，it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了，换句话说，它得到了越来越多人的喜爱。 (2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The telephone is in use.＝The telephone is being used. 电话正在使用中。 二、现在完成时的被动语态 (一)构成 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。其基本构成为： 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done？ He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 The construction of the bridge has not been finished. 这座桥的建设还没有完成。 Has the date for the next meeting been decided? 下次会议的日期已决定了吗？ How long has the battery not been changed? 电池多久没有更换了？ (二)用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The room has already been cleaned. 这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。(可能还会继续被讨论) How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已放映多长时间了？ 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。 [名师点津]　常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语： already，yet，recently，since then，ever since，ever，so far，for a long time，by now，in recent years，in/during/over the past/last years等。 (三)注意的事项 1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 His boss has already punished him. →He has already been punished (by his boss). 2．带有双宾语的动词give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等变为被动语态时，将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要用相应的介词。 The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company). →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company). 现在进行时的被动语态 构成 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，带有感情色彩。 4．与某些情态动词连用，表示推测。 现在完成时的被动语态 构成 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 用法 1.强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中。 announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知 (教材原句)We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴地宣布社区体育中心将会很快再次向公众开放！ (1)announce sth.to sb.　　 向某人宣告某事 announce that... 宣布…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣布；通告；声明 make an announcement 下通知；宣 [佳句背诵]　Yesterday the government announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. 政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作的计划。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The leader is making an important announcement_(announce) at the moment. ②It was_announced_(announce) that new speed restrictions would be introduced. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③我们高兴地宣布这部喜剧演出成功。 We are pleased to announce_that_the_comedy_has_been_successfully_performed． in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 (教材原句)In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options，including modern dance. 为了投合公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课已经被一些有趣的课程取而代之，包括现代舞。 (1)response n.　　　　 反应；回答；答复 make no response 未作回应 (2)respond v. 回答，作出反应 respond to...＝make a response to 对……作出反应/回 [佳句背诵]　(2021·全国乙卷)Since the effects were small，this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 由于影响很小，这可能表明，我们的创造性思维在对完全安静和对85分贝背景噪声的反应上没有太大的差异。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I asked her what the time was，but she made no response. ②She responded to my compliment with a smile. ③I am quick in responding(respond) to different situations on the stage due to my hosting experience. ◎能力提升——一句多译 让我生气的是，她没有回复我的信件。 ④To my anger，she didn't_respond_to my letter.(respond) ⑤To my anger，she didn't_make_a_response_to my letter.(response) ⑥To my anger，she made_no_response_to my letter.(response) replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换；更新 (1)replace...with/by... 用……替换…… replace...as... 取代……而成为…… (2)place n. 地方，位置 take the place of＝take one's place 代替；替代 in place of 代 [佳句背诵]　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 我们正在思考如何改造植物来取代我们日常使用的东西的功能。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Nylon is widely used in place of cotton nowadays. ②I will take the_place of your teacher to give lessons to you. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③杰克已经取代汤姆(Tom)，成为我们班的班长。 Jack has_replaced_Tom as monitor of our class. 疑问词＋动词不定式 (教材原句)To be honest though，I don't know how to make exercise a regular part of my life. 不过，老实说，我不知道如何让锻炼成为我生活当中有规律的一部分。 本句中how to make exercise a regular part of my life为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。 (1)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构中的特殊疑问词指when，where，what，which，who及how等连接词； (2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，用作宾语的情况比较多，尤其是用在advise，ask，consider，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder等动词后面； (3)特殊疑问词与构成动词不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义； (4)该结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式； (5)该结构常常可以转换成相应的名词性从句 [佳句背诵]　He can easily receive several hundred orders a day since he learned how to use the way of sales through live streaming. 自从他学会了如何直播带货，他每天都能轻松收到几百个订单。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The question is which one to_choose(choose). ②Where to go tomorrow has(have) not been decided so far. ③Could you tell me how to_make(make) her happy? ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我不知道是否要参加英语俱乐部。 I wonder whether_to_join_the_English_club_or_not． 否定转移 (教材原句)So you see，I don't think I'd be able to work out in the gym. 所以你看，我觉得我不能在健身房锻炼。 本句中I don't think为否定转移句。 否定转移的三个条件： (1)主语是第一人称I 或we； (2)主句的谓语动词为一般现在时； (3)能用于否定转移的动词：think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect等 [佳句背诵]　I don't believe he will come tonight. 我相信他今晚不会来。 [名师点津]　当主句主语不是第一人称时，附加疑问句和主句一致。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I don't believe the man can finish the work on time，can he? ②We don't suppose such things will happen. ③I don't believe you two have met，have you? ◎能力提升——微写作 ④她不认为你了解它，是吗？ She doesn't think you know it，does_she? 维度一　单词拼写 1．He was back in the office，updating (更新)the work schedule on the computer. 2．Adjustment to their changing role and position(地位) in society can be painful for some old people. 3．Spain has been one of Cuba's major trading partners(伙伴). 4．He is a talented athlete (运动员)who competes nationally and internationally. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Engineers are putting finishing touches to Chinese suspension bridge that will be one of the world's biggest. 2．I'm writing to have a brief introduction of Beijing Opera in response to your request. 3．I will no longer use one­off things and replace plastic bags with paper bags. 4．Are you still feeling under the weather? 5．I will make an announcement(announce) to remind them that they should check their belongings. 维度三　完成句子 1．我认为这个人是不会按时完成工作的，是吗？(否定前移) I_don't_think_the_man_will_finish_the_work_on_time，will he? 2．据宣布，那个城市的小学在数量上已增至114所。(announce) It_was_announced_that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114. 3．她不知道该选哪条裙子。(疑问词＋动词不定式) She doesn't know which_skirt_to_choose． 课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Many houses have_been_built(build) in the small town in the past few years. 2．—Can I use your car? —Sorry，I had a flat tyre 10 minutes ago and it is_being_repaired(repair) now. 3．More than 100 famous films have_been_shown(show) in the city since July. 4．How to solve that difficult technological problem is_being_discussed(discuss)now. 5．It is reported that 50 million jobs are_being__replaced(replace) by artificial intelligence and robots. 6．It is reported that a school talent show is_being_held(held) to raise money for charity at the present. 7．Over the past ten years，this town has_been_hit_(hit) twice by earthquakes. 8．They are living with their parents because their own house is_being_rebuilt(rebuild). 9．Most houses have_been_equipped(equip) with automatic fire alarm systems since then. 10．Results and findings are_being_announced(announce) through the media now. 维度二　将下列句子改为被动句 1．They have painted the windows white. →The_windows_have_been_painted_white_by_them. 2．They are taking care of the children there. →The_children_there_are_being_taken_care_of_by_them. 3．The teachers have printed the dates of each course in the newspaper. → The_dates_of_each_course_have_been_printed_by_the_teachers_in_the_newspaper. 4．The company has given its computers away to a local school. →Its_computers_have_been_given_away_to_a_local_school_by_the_company. 5．In that area，the workers are building a supermarket these days. →In_that_area，a_supermarket_is_being_built_by_the_workers_these_days. 6．They haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. →How_to_solve_that_difficult_technological_problem_has_not_been_decided_yet. 维度三　语法与语篇 Welcome to our school！I will show you around the campus.Look！Our new gym 1.is_being_built(正在被建造).It looks really splendid，and it looks as if most of it 2.has_been_completed(已经被完成了).An English speech competition 3.is_being_held(正在被举行) in the lecture hall now，so let's go to see it. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Pilates，yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy.There is，however，a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive，but has all the benefits—walking. Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains，“What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level.Plus，it is good for your heart，your head and your wallet.” A recent report details the health benefits of walking.The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week，recommended by the UK's chief medical officer，could save 37，000 lives each year.Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running.They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six­year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%，while running reduced it by 4.5%.And there is even more good news：30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily，according to research by Oregon State University.The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day. The sooner you get started，the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body.So，go out for your 30­minute walk in a nearby park or green space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过长时间的研究，科学家们发现步行是一种很好的健身方式——不仅省钱，而且任何年龄段和健康水平的人都可以进行，并且效果很好。 1．The underlined word “humble” in the first paragraph probably means “________”． A．plain B．relaxing C．popular D．active A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，当提到保持健康的流行方式时首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机。然而，有一种不太引人注目的更humble的运动却让人受益匪浅，那就是步行。根据句意，尤其是however可知，上下文是转折关系，由此推测画线词和popular的意思相反，即为“不那么流行的，普通的”。plain“普通的”符合以上推测，故选A。] 2．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking? A．It's loved by people of all ages. B．It's much healthier than running. C．It's a money­saving physical exercise. D．It's becoming more and more popular. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处，并且可以省钱。即步行是一项省钱的锻炼。故选C。] 3．What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find? A．Walking helps people with sleep problems. B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease. C．Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives. D．Walking is better than running in some cases. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，他们对18到80岁的参与者进行了6年的观察，发现步行降低心脏病的风险为9.3%，而跑步降低了4.5%以及下文将步行和跑步从几个方面进行的对比来看，在某些方面步行优于跑步。故选D。] 4．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text? A．Comment. B．Lifestyle. C．Education. D．Science. B　[文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了健康生活方式中最简单有效的方式——步行。由此推知，可从报纸上介绍生活方式的部分读到该文章。故选B。] B Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity.It may be walking，cycling or swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing.It may be a game of some kinds—football，hockey，golf or tennis.It may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks on high mountains？This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no man­made rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.There are，of course，rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to ignore，but it is this freedom from man­made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports，we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”．We should be mistaken in this.There are，it is true，no “matches” between “teams” of climbers，but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously team work.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature，his sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year.A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty，and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men，but they probably climb with more skills and less waste of effort，and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了登山运动，登山是一项运动，而不是游戏；解释了人们愿意忍受寒冷和困苦在高山上冒险的原因；登山队之间没有“比赛”，但有团队合作；登山运动员的技巧随年龄增长而提高。 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Differences between Golf and Mountaineering B．Sports and Games C．Mountaineering D．Why are so many people crazy about mountaineering? C　[标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕着登山展开，介绍了登山是一项运动，而不是游戏；登山队之间没有“比赛”，但有团队合作；登山运动员的攀登技巧随年龄增长而提高。故选C。] 6．The mountaineering can also be called a team sport because ________． A．mountain climbers usually compete in groups B．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing C．mountaineering climbers are free to use their own rules to climb D．mountaineering is a sport not a game B　[推理判断题。由第四段第三句可知登山队之间没有“比赛”，但当登山者处在一个由绳索连接的岩石表面上时，他们的生命系于绳索上，显然此时要靠团队合作。由此可知登山运动也被称为团队运动是因为登山者在登山过程中要互相帮助，互相依靠。故选B。] 7．The biggest difference between golf and mountaineering lies in ________． A．team game B．enjoyment C．age D．rules D　[推理判断题。由第三段“There are no man­made rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.”可知在高尔夫和足球这类比赛中存在由人制定的规则，而登山运动没有。这就是高尔夫和登山运动之间最大的区别。故选D。] 8．In the author's opinion，one of the most important reasons why so many people enjoy mountaineering is that ________． A．there are no man­made rules for mountaineers B．mountaineering is a sport and not a game C．it is one of the most dangerous sports D．mountaineering brings us more enjoyment than other sports A　[推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知正是因为登山中人们不受人定规则的束缚，使登山吸引了许多人。因此作者认为，人们享受登山运动的最重要原因之一就是登山者不受人定规则的束缚。故选A。] C In recent years，experiments examining exercise and weight loss have found that people lose far much less weight than expected，considering how many additional calories(卡路里) they are burning with their workouts. Scientists have guessed that exercisers are likely to become hungrier and eat more after working out.They also may sit longer when not doing exercise.Together or separately，these changes could make up for the extra energy used during exercise. To prove that possibility，scientists came up with the idea of using infrared light(红外线) to track mice's movements in their cages.Then software can use that information to analyse their daily physical activity. So the researchers prepared special cages，putting inside some locked running wheels，and let mice roam(闲逛) and explore for four days in the cages.This provided the researchers with information about how many calories each mouse burned every day. Then the wheels were unlocked for nine days，the mice could run at will，and they could decide how much to eat and when to get off the wheels，walking around.The mice，which enjoyed running，jumped readily on the wheels and started to run.On and off the wheels，they could run for hours.They showed a following height in their daily energy expenditure(支出) since they had added exercise to their lives. But they did not change their eating habits.Although they were burning more calories，they did not eat more.They did，however，change how they moved.They now usually jogged on their wheels for a few minutes，jumped off，rested or roamed in a while，and then climbed back on the wheels，ran，rested，briefly roamed，and it repeated.These changes in how they spent their time almost counteracted(抵消) the extra calorie costs from running，says Daniel Lark，who led the new study. What caused the running mice to run less is still uncertain.“But it does not seem to have been tiredness or lack of time；wheel running is not arduous for mice，and does not fill their waking hours.” Dr.Lark says. Instead，he says，it is likely that the animals' bodies and brains sensed the increasing energy expenditure when the mice began to run and sent out biological signals that somehow advised the animals to slow down，save energy and lose weight. Mice will never be people，of course，so we cannot say whether the results of this would directly apply to us，Dr.Lark says.But the results do indicate that if we hope to lose more weight through，we should watch what we eat and try not to move less while we work out more. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一个关于运动和减肥关系的研究，用转轮对老鼠进行实验，分析运动达不到预期减肥效果的原因。 9．What did NOT change for the mice in the experiment? A．How they moved. B．How long they ran. C．How much they chose to eat. D．How they spent their time. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Although they were burning more calories，they did not eat more.”可知，虽然它们燃烧了更多的卡路里，但它们并没有吃得更多。因此它们选择吃多少是没有改变的。] 10．What happened to the mice in the experiment according to the 6th paragraph? A．They didn't like to run the wheels. B．They ate more after running the wheels. C．They spent less time roaming in the cage. D．They didn't need rest after running on the wheels. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第六段第三、四句可知，然而，它们确实改变了它们的移动方式。现在，它们通常在轮子上慢跑几分钟，跳下来，休息或闲逛一会儿，然后爬回到轮子上，跑，休息，短暂地闲逛，然后又重复。因此可以推测出，第六段实验中的老鼠在笼子里闲逛的时间减少了，故选C。] 11．The underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ________． A．tiring B．energetic C．difficult D．different A　[词义猜测题。这似乎并不是因为疲劳或缺乏时间，轮跑对于老鼠来说并不arduous，也不会占用它们醒着的时间。根据句意，尤其tiredness 猜测画线部分的意思是“费力的”。tiring(令人疲倦的)符合以上说法，故选A。] 12．The purpose of writing this passage is ________． A．to prove that scientists' guess about exercising is wrong B．to introduce a recent research on exercise and weight loss C．to analyze how wheel running changes mice's movements　 D．to explain why eating and running are bad for exercisers B　[写作目的题。根据第一段可知，近年来，研究运动和减肥的实验发现，考虑到锻炼所消耗的额外卡路里的多少，人们减肥的幅度远远低于预期。再结合下文用老鼠做实验，所以文章的目的是介绍最近的一个关于运动和减肥的研究实验。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 If you want to keep fit，please refer to the following： Move More Make it a daily habit to find ways to move your body.__1__．Climb stairs instead of taking the elevator (电梯)；walk your dog；play with your kids.It doesn't have to be an hour in the gym or a 45­minute dance class.But that's great when you're up to it.At the same time，move more. Give up Smoking Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health，Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products.Just recently，we've seen more and more teens smoking.Could it be the Hollywood influence? __2__．Take care! Warn your children against smoking. __3__ While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease，more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney (肝和肾) disease and cancer. Reduce Stress (压力) Easier said than done.Stress comes in many ways.__4__．Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like such as walking on the beach or in a park，reading a good book，visiting a friend，listening to relaxing music，and watching a funny movie. Protect Yourself From Pollution If you can't live in a smog­free environment，at least avoid smoke­filled rooms.__5__．Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is bad. A．Keep a Positive Mental Outlook B．Avoid Excessive (过量的) Drinking C．Think carefully about what you will do D．Exercise outside when the smog (雾霾) rating is low E．It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes　 F．There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs G．Some techniques given by experts are to think positive thoughts 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果我们想保持健康，可以参考以下建议：多运动、戒烟、避免过量饮酒、减轻压力、使自己远离污染。 1．F　[由本段主题Move More和本空前一句中的“find ways to move your body”可知，F项符合语境。] 2．E　[由本段主题“Give up Smoking”和本空前一句中的“the Hollywood influence”可知，应选E项。] 3．B　[本段讲的是最新研究表明每天一杯酒可以预防心脏疾病，但多于一杯则可能会引起其他健康问题。由此可知此段建议避免过量饮酒。故选B项。] 4．G　[本段讲的是应减轻个人压力，每天放松自己，G项符合语境。] 5．D　[由本段主题中的Pollution和空前的“smog­free environment...avoid smoke­filled rooms”可知，应选D项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Sports are the base of my life，next to my mother 1.________ raised me when my dad left us.I 2.________ (be) into sports since I was six years old.I have known many 3.________ (coach) and heard hundreds of their tips，but they usually 4.________ (focus) on drills(训练) to develop my skills and reach the next level of play. When I was in Senior Two，I met the new school basketball coach，Brian Pawlowski.I thought I was certain to 5.________ (select) for the school team since I had been in it the year before.I showed up to the tryouts (选拔赛) and put out about 90% effort since I thought I'd make 6.________ with no problem.That was a big mistake. Brian Pawlowski is the 7.________ (strict) coach I have ever met.He didn't expect 100% effort，but he expected 200% effort.Some think this is crazy，but it isn't.After training，as we were getting a cup of cold water 8.________(drink)，I said，“Mr Pawlowski，your lesson was the best I ever had.” I was 9.________ (complete) sincere.He expects us to be excellent not just on the court 10.________ in the classroom.If I am not working on basketball，I am reading a book that he thinks will help us better understand life's challenges. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中时期遇到的篮球教练，他对作者要求严格，对作者影响很大。 1．解析：　who/that　考查定语从句。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词my mother，指人，且引导词在定语从句中作主语。故填who/that。 2．解析：　have been　考查动词的时态。since作“自从”讲，从句用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 3．解析：　coaches　考查名词的单复数。设空处前有many修饰，名词要用复数形式，coach是以­ch结尾的名词，变复数时在词尾加­es。故填coaches。 4．解析：　focused　考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，应用一般过去时，故填focused。 5．解析：　be selected　考查动词的语态。主语I与select之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动结构，故填be selected。 6．解析：　it　考查固定搭配。make it为固定搭配，意为“做到；成功”，故填it。 7．解析：　strictest　考查形容词的最高级。此处指他是“我”见过的工作最严厉的教练。定语从句I have ever met修饰先行词coach，根据句意可知此处应用最高级形式，故填strictest。 8．解析：　to drink　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to drink。 9．解析：　completely　考查词性转换。空后的sincere是形容词，此处应用副词修饰形容词，故填completely。 10．解析：　but　考查固定搭配。not just...but...意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$