Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 情态动词(Ⅱ) 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The new term starts. On campus, there comes a foreign exchange student. From his wearing, we can see he must be from a wealthy family. He also looks very gentle, so he can't be difficult to get along with. Now, he is talking with a student. According to his English accent, I know he may be from US. Last term, there were two exchange students from America in my class. However, I didn't see their names on the class list. I guess that they must have gone back to their country. If this exchange student could be in my class, I will have more chances to practice my spoken English with him. ①情态动词can, may, must, might, could等后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来情况的推测； ②这些情态动词后接现在完成时态则可以表示对过去情况的推测。 学生用书第51页 1．can与could的用法 (1)表示能力(could是过去式)。 My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn't last year. 我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。 (2)表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去式)。 Can this news be true? 这则消息是真的吗？ (3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。 —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，可以。 (4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。 As we all know，anyone can make mistakes. 我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。 (5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。 We cannot thank you too much for what you've done for us.对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不为过。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①I could speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and lived in Morocco. But now, I can just say a few things in the language. ②—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. —It couldn't_be (not be) true because there was little snow there. ③—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere. —Well, he can't_have_gone (go) far — his coat is still here. ④Mr Smith is on time for everything. How can/_could it be that he was late for the important meeting? 2．may与might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn't/can't。 —May/Might I play the computer games after supper? —Yes，you may./No，you mustn't/can't. ——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，不行。 (2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。 might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do /be才表示过去的可能性。 ①I think he may come tomorrow. 我认为明天他可能会来。 ②He told me he might be late. 他告诉我他可能会迟到。 (3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May you succeed.祝你成功。 (4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨…… You might as well do it now.你最好还是现在做吧。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 ①He had been working for more than 11 hours. He must be tired after such hard work. He may prefer to get some rest. ②Sorry, I'm late. I may/_might_have_turned (turn) off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. ③—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Children's Palace? —Sorry, I am not sure.But it might be. 3．must的用法 (1)表示“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustn't (不准；禁止)。 学生用书第52页 You mustn't do that，because you must keep your word.你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。 [名师点津] 以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用needn't/don't have to。 —Must I finish the paper today? —Yes，you must./No，you needn't/don't have to. ——今天我必须完成论文吗？ ——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 (2)表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定；准是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can't代替。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) (3)表示感情色彩，意为“偏偏；偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when I was about to start. 我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you must work hard. ②—It must be John who is in the office. —No, it can't be him.I saw him off at the airport half an hour ago. ③His watch must_have_stopped(stop). I will go and call him. 4．情态动词＋have done must have done 过去一定已经做了(表推测) may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测) needn't have done 本不必做而做了 can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做过(表推测) should have done 本该做而未做 From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你本应该早点告诉我，不然的话我或许就会和他们一块去了。 You needn't have told them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 They can't have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯亮着。 ◎巧学活用4——完成句子 ①他不可能错过火车；他提前两个小时就到达火车站了。 He can't_have_missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early. ②保罗在演讲比赛中表现出色。上周他一定练习了很多次。 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must_have_practised many times last week. ③如果你多给她一些机会，她可能会取得更大的进步。 She might_have_achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. ④在你告诉他之前他就知道这件事了，因此你没必要告诉他。 He had known the matter before you told him, so you needn't_have_told it to him. 课时测评8　Section Ⅳ　Grammar (时间：45分钟　满分：61分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who could have taken it? 2．You mustn't smoke in this part of the hospital. It's not allowed. 3．You must be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 4．The little girl might be sleeping at this time of day. 5．You must come here on time, or you'll be fined next time. 6．As you are here, you may/might as well stay and make the best of it. 7．Why must you smoke in the meeting room? 8．Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own. 9．Where can/could you have gone to? I couldn't find you just now. 10．This problem may/can lead to more serious ones if left unsolved. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分) 1．那些地方他过去也许去过一些。 He may_have_been_to some of those places in the past. 2．他是如此伟大的一个人，我们无论怎样赞扬他都不过分。 He is such a great man that we can't_praise_him_too_much． 3．她可能买了那本词典，但我不太确定。 She may_have_bought_the_dictionary,_but I'm not sure. 4．史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。 Mr Smith can't_have_gone_to_Beijing,_for I saw him in the library just now. 5．昨天晚上他应该在睡觉前完成家庭作业。 He should_have_finished_homework before bedtime last night. 6．你本没必要叫醒我；我今天不必去工作。 You needn't_have_waken me up; I don't have to go to work today. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题2分，共10分) 根据汉语提示完成短文。 Jenny 1.couldn't_see_clearly (不能看清) when she was having an English class. She guessed there 2.may/_might_be (可能有) something wrong with her eyes. She asked her teacher, “3.May/ Can/_Could_I_leave (我可以离开) now? My eyes hurt and I 4.must_have_an examination (必须检查一下).” The teacher said, “Yes, of course 5.you_can/_may (你可以).” [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共8分) (2024·浙江绍兴期末) Countries around the world celebrate International Women's Day (IWD) on March 8.The United Nations says the theme of this year is DigitALL: Innovation and Technology for Gender (性别) Equality. The UN says that from the earliest days of computing, women have contributed to information technology. But it says those contributions have been little recognized or valued. The international organization says 37 percentage of women do not use the Internet. It also says 259 million fewer women than men have access to the Internet. Yet, women make up very close to half the world's population. The UN says women are largely underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematic careers. “Bringing women into technology results in more creative solutions and has greater potential for innovations that meet women's needs and promote gender equality，” says the UN's website. For this year's International Women's Day, Secretary­General Antonio Guterres said in a statement, “Let us work together to build a more inclusive, just, and prosperous world for women, girls, men, and boys everywhere.” The IWD has its roots in the social and labor movement in the United States. It began in New York City on March 8, 1857, when female workers marched in protest (抗议) of unfair working conditions and unequal rights in clothing factories. The workers called for a shorter workday and better pay, the National Archives says. On March of 1908, women workers again marched through New York City to protest child labor and poor working conditions, and demand women's right to vote. The first recorded celebration internationally was on March 19，1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. At that time, over a million people came out to support women's rights. After World War Ⅱ， several countries started to celebrate women's day on March 8.Two years later, the UN officially announced that date as International Women's Day in 1977.Some countries, including China, Russia and Uganda, also recognize it as a public holiday. Past UN celebrations have included the issues of climate change, rural women and HIV/AIDS. 语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道，今年妇女节的主题是数字化：创新和技术促进性别平等，文章还介绍了国际妇女节的由来。 1．Why does the UN focus on DigitALL in celebration of this year's IWD? A．People have attached less value to women's contributions. B.People tend to ignore women's role in international issues. C.Women account for a larger population of the world. D．Women have easier access to the Internet than men. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The UN says that from... engineering and mathematic careers.”可知，联合国在庆祝今年的国际妇女节时将重点放在数字化上是因为人们不太重视女性在信息技术上的贡献。故选A项。 2．What is the advantage of bringing women into technology? A.Finding creative solutions to gender equality. B．Developing innovation potential to satisfy women. C．Encouraging more women to take up technology. D．Supporting women's rights through innovative approaches. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“‘Bringing women into technology... gender equality，’ says the UN's website.”可知，让女性进入科技行业能开发创新潜力，使妇女满意。故选B项。 3．Why does the author mention Antonio Guterres in Paragraph 3? A.To comment on women's positions in innovations. B．To state the purpose of celebrating IWD this year. C．To call for joint action in respecting women's rights. D．To illustrate the origin of International Women's Day. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For this year's International Women's Day... and boys everywhere.”可推知，作者在第三段提及Antonio Guterres是为了呼吁共同行动，尊重妇女权利。故选C项。 4．What mainly makes IWD an official international day? A.The focus on the issues of world concerns. B．The worldwide efforts to build a better world. C．The official announcement of the day by the UN. D．The celebration of women's achievements in computing. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Two years later, the UN officially announced that date as International Women's Day in 1977.”可知，国际妇女节成为一个正式的国际日主要是由于联合国对这一天的官方宣布。故选C项。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (全国Ⅱ卷) Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1.________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2.________(carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3.________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country： Oranges: Orange trees are more 4.________decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5.________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6.________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7.________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8.________(care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 9.________(beauty) long branches covered with pink­colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10.________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在中国新年时用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰的寓意。 1．答案：celebration 解析：考查名词。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数，所以填celebration。 2．答案：carries 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中，动名词短语decorating... flowers作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且此处讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以填carries。 3．答案：coming 解析：考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填coming。 4．答案：than 解析：考查固定搭配。more than为固定搭配，在这里表示“不仅仅”，所以填than。 5．答案：decorated 解析：考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的Orange trees, 和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语，所以填decorated。 6．答案：Certainly 解析：考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，且位于句首，所以填Certainly。 7．答案：with 解析：考查介词。be associated with...是固定搭配，表示“与……有关”。 8．答案：to care 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查“be＋adj. ＋to do”结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 9．答案：beautiful 解析：考查形容词。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches，所以填beautiful。 10．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。 学生用书第53页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$