UNIT1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　CULTURAL HERITAGE Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——限制性定语从句(Ⅲ) 内容索引 NO.1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1 NO.2 限制性定语从句的三种用法 2 随堂应用 多维练 3 课时测评 4 NO.1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 返回 语法串烧 Mary whose drawings were shown at the exhibition last month① is a model student who is often praised for her good work at school②.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our eyes were caught by a very large picture.The horse which was drawn in the picture③ was exactly like a real horse.The man who was riding on it④ looked like a living man.It was the best picture that I had ever seen⑤， and I should say Mary is the best young painter that I have ever heard of⑥. 我的发现 ①句为whose (作定语，修饰名词drawings)引导的限制性定语从句； ②句为who (先行词是a model student)引导的限制性定语从句； ③句为which (先行词是The horse)引导的限制性定语从句； ④句为who (先行词是The man)引导的限制性定语从句； ⑤句为that (先行词是the best picture)引导的限制性定语从句； ⑥句为that (先行词是the best young painter)引导的限制性定语从句。 一、限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I meet with some problems which trouble me a lot. 我遇到了一些让我感到非常困扰的问题。 二、非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 (2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 在1 100公里的旅程中，八岁时因车祸失明的曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个市和县。 巧学活用1——补全句子 ①(The house, ______________________(我去年买的)，has a lovely garden. ②The time _______________________(我第一次遇见Mr. White时) was a very difficult period of my life. which I bought last year when I first met Mr. White 返回 NO.2 限制性定语从句的三种用法 返回 一、定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的七种情况 (1)当先行词是all，much，little，few，nothing，everything 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 There is nothing that we can do now. 现在我们什么也做不了。 (2)当先行词被the only，the last，the very等修饰时。 This is the very book that I want. 这正是我想要的书。 (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself. 当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。 (4)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 Don't trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 (5)当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。 (6)当主句的主语是疑问词which时。 Which is the car that you bought last week? 你上周买的哪辆车？ (7)当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 巧学活用2——写出下面定语从句中使用关系代词that的原因 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range. ________________________________________________________________ ②This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. ________________________________________________________________ ③This is the only thing that we can do now. ________________________________________________________________ ④The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. ________________________________________________________________ 先行词被不定代词all修饰 先行词football games前面有最高级the most exciting修饰 先行词thing前面有the only修饰 先行词为既有表示人(The scientist)又有表示物(his achievements)的名词 二、定语从句中关系词可以省略的三种情况 (1)当定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。 I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. 我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。 (2)当先行词是way，time等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式和时间状语时，它们后面的定语从句的相应的关系词that/in which，when等可以省略。 The way (that/in which) you look at the problem is wrong. 你看待问题的方式是错误的。 The second time (when) I saw him was in 1980. 我第二次见到他是在1980年。 (3)当由and，but，or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可以省略，但第二个及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。 This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 这就是我昨天读的那本书，我发现它很有趣。 巧学活用3——补全省略的关系词 ①I don't know the exact time (______) the sports meet will take place. ②The exact year (___________) Angela and her family spent together in China is 2008. ③That was the way (____________) she worked the problem out. ④The man (______) you spoke to just now is our English teacher. ⑤I believe the reason (_________) Mary gave for her absence from the school. when which/that in which/that whom that/which 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1)五种构成形式 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 和whose 介词＋关系副词 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to Recently，I bought an ancient vase, the price of which/whose price/of which the price was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever. 他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。 Rose is the person about whom you should care. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。 There is a big window in my room from where I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。 (2)选用介词的四个依据 ①根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语) Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for“因……而出名”) ②根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语) This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera“用照相机”) The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident. 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss's company) ③根据句子的意思来选择 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。 ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 I have about 10 books half of which were written by Mo Yan. 我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。 温馨提示 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) 巧学活用4 (1)用“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①The tower __________ people can have a good view is on the hill. ②We live in an age _________ everyone values time very much. ③Gun control is a subject ___________ Americans argued for a long time. ④I wanted to find someone ___________ I could discuss books and music. ⑤The reason ___________ she did it is that she wouldn't let her parents disappointed. on which in which about which with whom for which (2)用“介词＋关系代词”补全句子/翻译句子 ⑥This is my pair of glasses，_____________________________(没有它我看不清楚)． ⑦我永远也忘不了我在农村度过的孩童时代。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ⑧那个小女孩正在读一本书，书中有很多图画。 ________________________________________________________________ without which I can't see clearly I will never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the countryside. The little girl is reading a book in which there are many pictures. 知识网络 返回 随堂应用 多维练 返回 维度一　用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系代词”填空 1．I saw a house _______ windows are broken. 2．I don't like cities ___________ have a lot of factories. 3．I shall never forget the day ______________ we first met in a park. 4．The person _________ loses the library book must pay for it. 5．The runner ______________ you are asking about is over there. 6．The film ___________ they are talking about is very interesting. 7．She is the engineer _______ work is considered to be the best here. 8．Many countries are now setting up national parks _________________ animals and plants can be protected. 9．I don't know the reason ________________ you quarreled with her. 10．It happened in November ______________ the weather was wet and cold. whose that/which when/on which who/that whom/who/that that/which whose where/in which why/for which when/in which 维度二　语法与写作(用“介词＋关系代词”的形式) 1．你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ___________________________________? 2．知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。 Knowledge is the wings _____________________________． 3．我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。 I still remember the day ___________________________． 4．这是他曾住过的房子。 This is the house ____________________． with/to whom the teacher talked just now with which we realize our dreams on which I first came to Beijing in which he once lived 5．他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 The reason ___________________________ is that he didn't study hard. 6．你昨天告诉我的那个绅士是我爸爸的一个朋友。 The gentleman ______________________________ is a friend of my father's. for which he failed in the exam about whom you told me yesterday 返回 维度三　语法与语篇 根据汉语提示，用定语从句完成语段 Last Sunday，we went to the Confucius Temple 1.___________________ _____ (坐落于曲阜市)．It has a history of more than 2，000 years.We visited the Xing Tan 2.____________________________ (孔子授课的地方)． Also，we saw many stone inscriptions 3.____________________________________ _________________ (有悠久的历史和巨大价值)．This is a meaningful visit 4.______________________________ (我学到了很多)． which/that lies in Qufu city where Confucius taught his lessons which/that have a long history and are of great value where/in which I have learned a lot 课时测评 返回 基础语境练 Ⅰ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来(每小题1分，共5分) 1．Do you remember the place? We all used to meet there. ________________________________________________________________ 2．She is an artist.I am quite familiar with her works. ________________________________________________________________ 3．There are a number of protests.We are considering them. ________________________________________________________________ 4．A plane crashed into the sea.It may have been a terrorist target. ________________________________________________________________ 5．You were playing some music.It sounded very familiar. ________________________________________________________________ Do you remember the place in which/where we all used to meet? She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with. There are a number of protests (that/which) we are considering. A plane that/which crashed into the sea may have been a terrorist target. The music that/which you were playing sounded very familiar. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共18分) 1．据我所知，他是一个很难相处的人。 As far as I know, he is a man _____________________________． 2．这就是我奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。 This is the baby ________________________________． 3．他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。 The reason _________________________________ is not clear. 4．我们学校有3 000多名学生，大多数都能用心学习。 There are more than 3，000 students in our school，the majority ___________ ____________________________． who/that is hard to get along with whom/that my grandma takes care of for which/why he refused the invitation of whom can put their hearts into their studies 5．我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。 We live in an age __________________________________________________ ___________________． 6．我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。 I desire to take part in the activity ____________________________________ ______________． at which/when more information is available with greater ease than ever before which/that will be held in the school lecture hall on June 19 Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题3分，共18分) 根据汉语提示，用定语从句完成语段 Mrs Wang is our English teacher, a young lady 1.____________________ ______________ (她总是鼓励我们) to study hard.Besides, she often spares her money to help the students 2._________________________ (他们的家庭很贫穷)．I believe that is the reason 3.___________________________ (她为何深受大家喜爱)．After graduating, she works in our school 4.________________ (我们将在那里生活) for three years.In 2022，she had a lovely baby, which made her very happy.We will 5._________________ (做我们能做的一切) and we will never forget 6.__________________________ (我们在一起的日子)． who is always encouraging us whose families are very poor why she is deeply loved by all where we will live do all that we can the days when we are together 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共14分) A (2024·哈尔滨四中高一检测) China now has 53 sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.Let's have a look at four of them, which may give you some advice on your next travel plan. Huangshan Mountain Huangshan, known as “the loveliest mountain of China”， lies in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China.The scenic area covers 154 square kilometers, and is famous for its peaks, rocks, pines, clouds and springs.It also has a rich cultural heritage. Longmen Grottoes The Longmen Grottoes(石窟) lies in the south of Luoyang city, Henan Province.It includes the largest collection of Chinese art of the late Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and show the achievements of Chinese stone carving(雕刻)． Gulangyu Island Located on the entry of the Jiulong River, the island was occupied by at least a dozen countries, including Great Britain, France and Japan.With such a harmonious mixture of Western music and Eastern culture, Gulangyu is naturally referred to as the “island of music”．It is famous for its outstanding musicians and musical instruments. Ancient villages in southern Anhui Lying in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun have a high historical and artistic value in architecture.The villages show the architectural features of the Huizhou-styled living houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30，2000. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国一些被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的著名景点。 细节理解题。根据Gulangyu Island部分的“With such a harmonious mixture... the ‘island of music’．”可知，你可以在鼓浪屿欣赏西方音乐。故选B。 √ 1．In which place can you admire the western music according to the writing? A．Huangshan Mountain. B．Gulangyu Island. C．Longmen Grottoes. D．Ancient villages in southern Anhui. 推理判断题。根据文章Ancient villages in southern Anhui部分的“The villages show...Qing dynasties.”可推知，一位想要欣赏徽州风格建筑的教授可能会选择皖南的古村落。故选C。 √ 2．Who will probably choose the Ancient villages in southern Anhui to visit? A．A couple who want to see natural scenery. B．A college student who loves the history of Tang and carving. C．A professor who plans to admire the Huizhou-styled architecture. D．A family who'd like to experience the mixture of Chinese and Western cultures. 文章出处题。根据文章第一段“China now has 53 sites...on your next travel plan.”可知，文章介绍了四个旅游景点，由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一本旅游指南。故选A。 √ 3．Where does the passage most probably come from? A．A travel guidebook. B．A history textbook. C．A scientific fiction. D．An entertainment magazine. B (2024·乐清知临中学高一检测) An illegal(非法的) building project is threatening(威胁) one of North America's greatest treasures：the ancient pyramids in central Mexico.The project may harm the remains of a lot of ancient buildings.The illegal project is next to the Teotihuacan archaeological area.Building anything new there is illegal.The owner of the land，however，has refused orders from Mexico's antiquities organization INAH to stop it for the past two months.Many Mexicans are angry that officials are failing to protect the ruins of Teotihuacan，a place visited every year by large numbers of people. In late April，the INAH brought a report to the government.Federal officials charged the owner with “damage to archaeological relics”．In recent weeks，the INAH recorded ongoing building in the area by 60 workers. That information came from Mexico's Cultural Ministry. Teotihuacan is about 50 kilometers northeast of Mexico City.It once was home to about 100，000 people who mostly lived in colorful stone houses. People lived in that city at about the same time that Mayan culture had reached a high level to the south.But Teotihuacan is known for its own art and architecture.It grew rich for a period of 600 years until about 550 because of trading with other cities.It had an economy built on creating goods such as clothing and metal knives. Officials have worked hard for years to stop illegal building.The building is often done at night and local government officials often arrive too late. A tall wall surrounds the illegal building area.It is in what is believed to be one of the ancient city's oldest parts.A past archaeological report said the area held many ancient buildings. Teotihuacan was named a world heritage(遗产) site by the United Nations cultural agency，UNESCO，in 1987.The naming requires government protection of the area. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个非法建筑工程正威胁着一座墨西哥古城。 代词指代题。由上文可推知，画线词所在句表达的意思是“墨西哥文物组织INAH向这片土地的所有者下达了停止该项目的命令，但被拒绝了”。故it指该非法建筑项目。故选C。 √ 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Ancient buildings. B．The ancient pyramids. C．The illegal building project. D．Mexico's antiquities organization. √ 5．Which word best describes Teotihuacan in the ancient time? A．Unknown. B．Common. C．Small-sized. D．Well-developed. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Teotihuacan is known for...clothing and metal knives.”可知，Teotihuacan在古代是一个很发达的古城。故选D。 √ 6．Why can the illegal building be carried out? A．It is done secretly. B．It is done behind a tall wall. C．It is ignored by officials. D．It is supported by officials. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The building is often done at night and local government officials often arrive too late.”可知，非法建筑通常是在晚上秘密完成。故选A。 √ 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mexico B．Difficulties Mexico Meets to Keep Relics Well C．Ancient Mexican City Threatened by New Building D．Action Taken by Mexican Officials to Protect Remains 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段中“An illegal(非法的) building project is threatening(威胁) one of North America's greatest treasures：the ancient pyramids in central Mexico.”和下文中官方对于非法建筑的处理及反对非法建筑的原因等可知，本文的最佳标题为“受到新建筑威胁的墨西哥古城”。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·山东名校考试联盟高一检测) From fine designs to dragon dancing, Zhejiang Province shows its colorful heritage (遗产)．One particular aspect of Zhejiang culture, Baiyelong dance, made an immediate 1. (impress) on hundreds of millions of TV viewers at the Asian Games' opening ceremony. impression Back in July, the Changxing Baiyelong dance group 2. (tell) that Baiyelong dance had been selected as a warm-up performance for the ceremony. Stepping onto such a stage was undoubtedly 3. huge honor. Baiyelong was inspired by a local legend about a dragon born in a lotus pond.Dozens of bamboo rings make up the dragon's body decorated with lotus petals (莲花瓣)．Ropes connect the rings, allowing them 4. (move) freely.During two months of practicing, the group went on 5. (improve) the program and set higher requirements.These skyward-reaching dragons, together with the green lotus leaves, take on an 6. (extreme)amazing look, offering a wonderful artistic visual delight 7. the viewer. was told a to move improving extremely to “Only two dragons are used in this performance，8. needs them to team up with each other.We hope that this dance can present 9. (it) to the whole world in a brand-new way.It is also expected that the dragon dance 10. (enjoy) greater popularity in Changxing in the coming years，” said Gu Keni, the general director of the program. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浙江文化遗产百叶龙的制作方法、表演形式以及前景。 which itself will enjoy 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，故填impression。 1．答案：impression 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语 Back in July可知本句为一般过去时，tell与the Changxing Baiyelong dance group构成被动关系，用被动语态，且句子主语为名词单数形式。故填was told。 2．答案：was told 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处honor为抽象名词具体化，所以用不定冠词修饰，huge的第一个音素为辅音。故填a。 3．答案：a 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配“allow...to do...”意为“允许……做……”，所以此处应使用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语，move与宾语them之间为主动关系。故填to move。 4．答案：to move 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词on后应为动词-ing形式作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填improving。 5．答案：improving 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词修饰形容词amazing。故填extremely。 6．答案：extremely 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配“offer sth to sb”意为“给某人提供某物”。故填to。 7．答案：to 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词为主句的内容，指代前面这件事，故填which。 8．答案：which 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语和宾语皆为this dance，所以此处使用反身代词。故填itself。 9．答案：itself 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in the coming years可知，该句应使用一般将来时，enjoy与句子主语the dragon dance之间为主动关系。故填will enjoy。 10．答案：will enjoy 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$