WELCOME UNIT Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

WELCOME　UNIT Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——句子成分及八种基本句型 内容索引 NO.1　句子成分 1 NO.2　八种基本句型 2 随堂应用　多维练 3 课时测评 4 NO.1 句子成分 返回 语法串烧 Some people think that sport does us good in many ways①.Not only does sport help people to stay fit and healthy②，but the competition and teamwork in sport also give people a lot of motivation for pushing themselves hard③.Others believe that sport is not the only way to do this.Eating well is a big part of a healthy life④.Meanwhile，sport can actually be dangerous.There are millions of people hurt each year in playing sport⑤，and some of them are hurt very seriously⑥. 我的发现 返回 ①句为主谓宾(SVO)结构；that引导的从句作动词think的宾语； ②句为主谓宾宾补(SVOC)结构；不定式短语作宾语补足语； ③句为主谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SV＋IO＋DO)结构； ④句为主系表(SP)结构，动词-ing形式短语作主语；名词短语作表语； ⑤句为there be句型，主语是millions of people； ⑥句为主谓状(SVA)结构；副词短语作状语。 成分 意义 位置 例句 主语S(subject) 句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁” 发出 位于句首 TV news often gives us lots of information. Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests. 谓语V(verb) 表示主语的行为或状态；是英语句子的灵魂、核心 主语之后 He practises running every morning. Great changes have taken place in Shanghai. 宾语O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或 介词后 The children are flying kites. Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ 直接宾语 DO(direct object) 直接宾语表示动作的承受者，一般是物 动词后 She gave him a book. Tom passed her a ruler. 间接宾语 IO(indirect object) 间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人 动词后 Mum bought me a sweater. He taught us Chinese. 成分 意义 位置 例句 表语P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动 词后 English is both useful and important. My hobby is collecting stamps. 宾语补足语 OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作和状态 宾语后 He has proved himself experienced. My mother always keeps everything in good order. I heard the telephone ringing. 状语A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置 灵活 I'm very pleased to see you. I'll be back in a while. Having had a quarrel with his wife，he left home in a bad temper. 定语Attr.(attribute) 用来说明名词的性质或特征 名词前 或后 These are apple trees. The men here are always busy working on the farm. 巧学活用1——标出下面句子的成分(S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC，Attr.) ① I will return you the book tomorrow． ② I found the film interesting . ③ She is beautiful and smart . S V IO DO A S V O OC S P 返回 NO.2 八种基本句型 返回 1．主谓结构(SV)：主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，故不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 说明：主语“ ”；谓语“　　”；宾语“　　”；表语“　　”；宾补“　　”；状语“[ ]”；定语“( )”。 The sun is rising．太阳正在升起。 The little boy is crying．小男孩正在哭泣。 【误】His home broke out a fire last night. 【正】A fire broke out in his home last night. 他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。 ★break out意为“爆发”，是一个不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。 巧学活用2——翻译句子 ①我们大家都笑了。 ____________________________ ②这个男孩的梦想实现了。 ____________________________ All of us laughed. The boy's dream came true. 2．主谓宾结构(SVO)：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 这种句子结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。 He is watching TV．他正在看电视。 [Last weekend] our class held a speech contest． 上个周末，我们班举行了演讲比赛。 温馨提示　在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。 【正】Please wake Li Ling up(＝wake up Li Ling)at six thirty in the morning. 【正】Please wake her up at six thirty in the morning. 【误】Please wake up her at six thirty in the morning. 巧学活用3——翻译句子 ①学生们有不同的观点。 _______________________________________ ②我们学校将举办一次运动会。 _______________________________________ Students have different opinions. Our school will hold a sports meeting. 3．主系表结构(SP)：主语＋系动词＋表语 这种句子结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound，look，smell，taste，feel)；变化系动词(become，get，grow，turn，go，fall，run)；持续系动词(remain，keep，hold，stay)；表象系动词(seem，appear，look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。 Everything looks different．一切看来都不同了。 Computers are useful [in people's life]． 电脑在人们的生活中很有用。 The problem remains to be settled． 问题依然需要解决。 巧学活用4——分析句子成分并尝试翻译 ①All of them were amazed． 主语 系动词 形容词作表语 翻译：______________________ ②These suggestions are of great importance． 主语 系动词 介词短语作表语 翻译：_____________________ 他们所有人都很吃惊。 这些建议非常重要。 4．主谓宾宾结构(SVIODO)：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接 宾语在前，直接宾语在后。也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。 He bought me a birthday present． 他给我买了一份生日礼物。 I showed him my pictures． 我给他看我的照片。 温馨提示　间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有：buy，fetch，save，choose，sing等；间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有：give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，order等。 巧学活用5——分析句子成分/完成句子 ① You had better buy your friends some small gifts． 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 ②Besides，nothing could be better if you could _________________________ (提供给我一些信息)． ③I remember you _________________________ (展示给我一些照片)on that theme. offer me some information showed me some photos 5．主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该句式常用于三类动词： (1)使役动词：keep，make，let，have，leave，get等； (2)感官动词或短语：see，watch，notice，observe，find，catch，look at，listen to，hear，feel，smell等； (3)ask，tell，order，request，permit，persuade 等。 Mike told me not to go [now]． 迈克告诉我不要现在走。 They painted the door green． 他们把门漆成绿色。 巧学活用6——翻译句子 ①我们必须保持学校干净。 ____________________________________________ ②他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩耍。 ____________________________________________ ③每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 ____________________________________________ We must keep our school clean. His father told him not to play in the street. We all hear him read English aloud every morning. 6．主谓状(SVA)：主语＋谓语＋状语 该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 They talked [for half an hour]． 他们谈了半个小时。 The time passed [quickly]．时光飞逝。 巧学活用7——分析句子成分/完成句子 ①The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week． ②Hopefully，you can take part． 状语 主语 谓语 ③If accepted，_________________ (我会努力工作)to offer you best articles. I will work hard 主语 谓语 状语 谓语 状语 7．主谓宾状(SVOA)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词、副词或介词短语，在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 I had my first maths class [in senior high]． 在高中我上了第一堂数学课。 I waited for him [at the school gate]． 我在校门口等他。 巧学活用8——分析句子成分/翻译句子 ① One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 be in the future． ②我刚才看到她了。 ___________________________________________________ ③昨天，我拜访了一位朋友。 ____________________________________________________ I saw her just now. I visited one of my friends yesterday. 8．存现句(There be句型) There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语。 There is a piano in my study. 在我的书房里有一架钢琴。 There are 56 students in my class. 我的班里有56名学生。 温馨提示　由于受汉语影响，有些同学在使用这个句型时常常把be误用成have的某种形式。 【误】There is going to have a lecture this afternoon. 【正】There is going to be a lecture this afternoon. 巧学活用9——完成句子 ①______________________ (有太多汽车) on the road. ②____________(将有) more green hills and clean water. There are too many cars There will be 知识网络 返回 随堂应用 多维练 返回 维度一　写出黑体部分在句子中所作成分 1．Don't keep me waiting too long. ____________ 2．Three new schools have been opened in our town in the past five years. _____ 3．Eyes are the window to the soul. ______ 4．It was a beautiful morning. ______ 5．I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday. __________ 6．Mr Wang will give us a lecture on how to learn English well. __________ 7．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. ______ 8．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. ______ 9．What you said just now didn't make me happy. ______ 宾语补足语 谓语 表语 定语 直接宾语 间接宾语 状语 宾语 主语 维度二　写出下列句子的基本句型 1．The students agreed. ____________ 2．My sister is writing a letter. __________________ 3．The teacher heard a student singing a song.____________________________ 4．My teacher gave me a book. ________________________________ 5．His face turned red. ____________________ 6．There are many customs in the village. _______________ 7．A sports meeting will be held in our school next week. _________________ 8．I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. _____________________ 主语＋谓语 主语＋谓语＋宾语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 主语＋系动词＋表语 there be句型 主语＋谓语＋状语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 维度三　阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的基本句型 When 1.I first entered the senior high school，I was afraid that no one would make friends with me.2.There were all strangers around me and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates. 主语＋谓语＋宾语 there be句型 What if I couldn't do well in my studies? Would they laugh at me？ 3.I became worried and 4.I thought a lot．Later，I realized that I should change my mind.So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them.Besides，5.I took part in extra-curricular activities actively．Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident. 6.I found my senior high school life really colourful． 返回 主语＋系动词＋表语 主语＋谓语＋状语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 课时测评 返回 基础语境练 Ⅰ.写出下列加黑部分在句中所作的语法成分(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital._____ 2．To be or not to be is a question. ______ 3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully. ____________ 4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. ____________ 5．Is he the man who wants to see you？ ______ 6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. ______ 7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul. ______ 8．What you explained just now didn't satisfy me. ______ 9．We must get together again some day. ______ 10．If I am not busy tomorrow，I will play football with you. ______ 表语 主语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 定语 宾语 宾语 主语 状语 状语 Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分) 1．校园里有几个美丽的花园。(there be) ________________________________________________________________ 2．现在在中学里这种活动变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语) ________________________________________________________________ 3．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语) ________________________________________________________________ 4．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) ________________________________________________________________ There are a few beautiful gardens on campus. Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools. We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again. Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night. 5．你会发现英语容易学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语) ________________________________________________________________ 6．这个新实验确实很有趣。(主语＋系动词＋表语) ________________________________________________________________ You will find English easy to learn. The new experiment was really interesting. Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题3分，共21分) 使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段。 Good morning，everyone! 1.______________________(很荣幸→SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you.My name is Serena and 2.______________ ____ (我十五岁了→SP)． It's a great honor I'm fifteen years old 3.____________________(我来自大连→SVA)which is a beautiful and attractive place.I wish you can visit it and I believe that 4.__________________ (会给你留下深刻印象→SV)．English and movies are my favorites，5._______________________________(它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOC). 6._____________________(我喜欢交友→SVO)，especially the ones who share common interests with me.And I think we can have much to share and talk about.7.___________________________________(我希望能和我的朋友一起进步→SVOA)．Thank you. I come from Daliank you will beimpressed which can help me learn and relax I like making friends I hope to make progress with my friends 素能提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·福建省永安九中高一期中) Hi，Fred! It's been a while since the last email.How has your semester been? I wanted to send you an email update to let you know how things have been going during my semester abroad here in Málaga，Spain.I've already been here for six weeks，and I feel like I am finally adapting to the culture.I'm also speaking the language more fluently. I arrived during the first week of September.The weather has been very nice.Even though it's October，it's still rather sunny and warm.In fact，I went to the beach and swam in the Mediterranean Sea earlier today. I am living with a very welcoming host family.I have my own private bedroom，but eat breakfast，lunch，and dinner together.On Sundays，we eat a big home-cooked paella for lunch.In Spain，lunch is usually the biggest meal of the day. On weekdays，I take classes at the local university.There，I met several native Spanish speakers.They have been very kind and patient with me.They have said that my Spanish has improved a lot since we first met.Now，I am more confident to use the language in other places like stores and restaurants. We have an extended weekend coming up，so a group of my friends and I are going to travel to France for four days.It's so easy and inexpensive to travel internationally in Europe.I love it! I look forward to hearing from you soon.Like I said，don't hesitate to stay in touch more often.Perhaps you could even come to visit! What do you think? Best-wishes， Patrick 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Patrick给Fred写的电子邮件，向Fred介绍国外生活的最新情况。 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“I've already been here...the culture.”可知，Patrick之前并不适应这里的文化，经过六个星期的努力，最终适应了，由此可推断出，Patrick在前六周遇到的问题是适应一个新的文化。故选C项。 √ 1．What problem did Patrick meet during the first six weeks? A．Different eating habits. B．Getting used to the climate. C．Adapting to a new culture. D．Communicating with the host family. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“We have...to France for four days.”可知，Patrick周末打算和一群朋友去法国旅游四天，由此可知，Patrick下个周末打算进行一次短途旅行。故选B项。 √ 2．What does Patrick plan to do for the coming weekend? A．Visit new friends. B．Take a short trip. C．Take extra classes. D．Stay with the host family. 推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“I am living with a very welcoming host family.”和第五段关键句“On weekdays...patient with me.”可知，Patrick的寄宿家庭对他很热情，大学同学对他非常友好和耐心，由此可推断出，他对在西班牙的生活感觉很满意。故选D项。 √ 3．How does Patrick feel about his stay in Spain? A．Disappointed. B．Proud. C．Regretful. D．Satisfied. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“I wanted ...in Málaga，Spain.”可知，Patrick给Fred发电子邮件是为了让他知道自己在西班牙马拉加留学期间的情况，由此可知，Patrick给Fred写电子邮件是为了向Fred介绍国外生活的最新情况。故选D项。 √ 4．Why is Patrick writing to Fred? A．To invite Fred to visit Spain. B．To get advice from Fred. C．To share how to learn Spanish. D．To update Fred on life abroad. B It's school time again! You're probably feeling anxious and maybe a little frightened that summer vacation is over.Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things：new teachers，new friends，and even a new school.Luckily，these “new” worries only stick around for a little while.Let's find out more about going to a new school. Most teachers kick off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the things you'll be doing this year.Some teachers give students a chance to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class，too.When teachers do the talking on the first day，they often go over classroom rules and school rules so you'll know what's allowed and what's not.Please pay close attention. You might already know a lot of people in your class on the first day，but it's a great day to make a new friend，so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you don't.Make the first move and you'll be glad about what you did，and so will your new friends! Seeing friends you haven't seen in a while can make the first day a good one.You can make the day feel special by wearing clothes that you really like.Maybe you got a great T-shirt on one of your vacations，or a pair of sneakers (运动鞋)．It can also make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need，such as pencils，folders，and whatever else you'll be needing.But make sure that you pack them the night before in case you don't have time in the morning. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何尽快适应新学校的生活。 词义猜测题。第二段叙述在新学年开始时老师会向学生作自我介绍，向新生介绍开学后要做的事情等，因此kick off意思为“开始”。故选A项。 √ 5．The underlined phrase “kick off” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”． A．start B．study C．find D．Teach 细节理解题。在第二、三段中可找到A、B、C三项的有关信息。D项在文中并未提到。故选D项。 √ 6．According to the passage，you usually do everything on the first day of school EXCEPT ． A．introducing yourself B．learning about the school rules C．making new friends D．going over your new lessons 段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这段讲述了为开学第一天应做的准备。故选B项。 √ 7．The last paragraph mainly tells us about ． A．what to know about a new school B．how to prepare for a new school C．what to do on your first day of school D．how to spend your first day of school 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何尽快适应新学校的生活，故选A项。 √ 8．The main idea of the passage is ． A．how to be used to a new school quickly B．how to make new friends in a new school C．what to wear on the first day of the new school D．what to prepare for the first day of the new school　 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·安徽省六安市高一期中检测) Meng Kun became a senior high student today.In the morning，he woke up 1. (early)than usual and rushed to the new school in his eagerness. 2. campus，Meng Kun was looking at the noticeboard 3. a white-haired man came up and talked to him.And later he was 4. (surprise) to find the white-haired man was his English teacher.In the first English class，the teacher asked them to introduce 5. (they)to the class.Before that，the teacher introduced himself first.Meng Kun was too nervous 6. (notice) this. When he began to introduce his name，everyone burst out 7. (laugh)because he had 8. same name with his teacher. earlier on when surprised themselves to notice laughing the Then Mr Meng told them it wasn't easy to learn English well and he also encouraged them to be prepared for 9. (challenge)．Hearing the teacher's words，Meng Kun 10. (feel)a bit more confident about his future school life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟坤高中第一天的生活和他的第一堂英语课。 laughing the 1．答案：earlier       2．答案：On       3．答案：when 考查副词的比较级。根据“than usual”可知，此处应用副词early的比较级。故填earlier。 考查介词。on campus意为“在校园里”，为固定搭配。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。故填On。 考查连词。“be doing sth when...”意为“正在做某事，这时……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词when。故填when。 4．答案：surprised     5．答案：themselves       考查词性转换。根据“to find the white-haired man was his English teacher”可知，此处是指他很惊奇，所以应用形容词表示“惊奇的”作表语。故填surprised。 考查代词。空格处和逻辑主语them指代相同，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 6．答案：to notice       7．答案：laughing       8．答案：the 考查非谓语动词。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动词不定式。故填to notice。 考查非谓语动词。burst out laughing意为“哄堂大笑”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动词-ing形式。故填laughing。 考查冠词。the same意为“相同的”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词。故填the。 9．答案：challenges       10．答案：felt 考查名词的单复数。challenge意为“挑战”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填challenges。 考查动词的时态。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填felt。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$