UNIT 5 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading 1．Look at the title and the photos on P36－P37 and predict what the passage is talking about. I guess this passage is talking about an exploration in Antarctica because I can see some pictures of _______________________________________________. 2．Work in groups to describe what difficulties you will meet if you are exploring in Antarctica. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Answers may vary.) the ice，the sledge pulled by dogs，a map of Antarctica Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea. What’s the text mainly about? A．Enough food will ensure us to go. B．The way to the South Pole can be too hard. C．The lesson from Captain Scott. D．A story of the race to the South Pole. √ Ⅱ.Read for the structure. Read the passage quickly and match the information with each part. Part 1 (Lines 1－7) A．journey to the destination Part 2 (Lines 8－21) B．the return journey Part 3 (Lines 22－45) C．the influence of Captain Scott’s journey to the Antarctica Part 4 (Lines 46－54) D．before the journey Ⅲ.Read for details. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why did Scott and his men have to push the sledges themselves? A．Because they were interested in sledges. B．Because they were very strong. C．Because all the horses died. D．Because the horses had serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 2．How long did it take Amundsen to reach the Pole after leaving Norway? A．Three months. B．One year. C．Six months. D．One month. √ √ 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Amundsen had teams of horses pulling the sledges. B．Scott and his men all died during the journey. C．Scott’s two sledges broke down during the return journey. D．Amundsen discovered that the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants in the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude to Scott? A．Admirable. B．Pitiful. C．Objective. D．Disapproving. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too． 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ __________________________ 2．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking． 尝试翻译　__________________________________________ 在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。 While引导时间状语从句 which引导定语从句 下一个去世的是奥茨船长，他走路都很困难。 who引导非限制性定语从句 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.(应用文写作之活动评价) 学后仿写　我们学校举办的科学博览会是今年最令人印象深刻的活动之一。 The science fair organized by our school was ___________________________ of the year. 2．教材佳句　Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man.(读后续写之人物描写) 学后仿写　埃米莉的诚实、真诚和勇敢使她成为一位值得信赖和鼓舞人心的领导者。 Emily’s ___________________________ made her a trustworthy and inspiring leader. one of the most impressive events honesty，sincerity，and bravery 返回 Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Would you say that Scott and his team were losers？Why or why not？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What preparations do explorers need to make when exploring？(Creative Thinking 创造性思维) ___________________________________________________________________________ I never say they are losers.Although they had failed to win the race to the Pole，the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes. In my opinion，both material and spiritual preparations are needed before the expedition. 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 原文呈现 ①captain/'kæptɪn/n.上校；队长；组长 ②on the way to...在去……的途中 on one’s way to...在某人去……的路上 on the way 在路上；即将到达/发生 名师圈点 On 1 June，1910，Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. While he was on the way to② Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too. [1]Then the race to the South Pole began! [1]本句为主从复合句。While引导时间状语从句，which引导的定语从句“which...too”修饰先行词a message。 原文呈现 ③polar/'pəʊlə/adj.极地的，地极的 a polar bear北极熊 the polar regions极区 polar explorers极地探险家 ④food bases食品储备点 base /beɪs/n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 base sth on/upon sth 以……为基础(或根据) ⑤in preparation for为……做准备 ⑥wait anxiously for 焦虑地等待 anxiously /'æŋkʃəsli/adv.焦虑地；不安地 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的 anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑；担心，害怕 名师圈点 During the polar③ summer of 1910－1911，both teams organised food bases④ in preparation for⑤ their journeys the next year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. [2]Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for⑥ spring. [2]本句为副词then置于句首引起的完全倒装句。正常语序为“The total darkness of the polar winter came then”。 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911.[3] He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges [4] and all his men were on skis⑦.Because of this，he made rapid progress⑧. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First，his two sledges broke down⑨ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while，Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. [3]本句包含“the＋序数词＋动词不定式”结构，to leave作后置定语，修饰数词the first。 [4]画线部分是“have...doing sth”结构。意为“使……一直做某事”。 ⑦ski /skiː/n.滑雪板vi.滑雪 skiing n．滑雪运动 go skiing去滑雪 ⑧make rapid progress 取得迅速的进展 ⑨break down停止运转，出故障 原文呈现 名师圈点 Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey⑩.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of⑪ their planned schedule. Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912．They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary： “Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition⑫ and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams [5].” [5]画线部分中pushing指的是上文提到的“push the sledges themselves”，此处用hard pushing表示返程的艰难。 ⑩prepare for the return journey准备返程 ⑪ahead of 早于…… ⑫ambition /æm'bɪʃən/n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 原文呈现 名师圈点 The return journey was one of the worst in the history of⑬ exploration.The men were soon very tired⑭ and were running out of food.The weather conditions⑮ were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation： “We are very cheerful⑯，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.[6] Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”[7] [6]句中what引导的宾语从句作guess的宾语。正常语序应该为“I can only guess what each man feels in his heart”。 [7]本句中动词-ing形式短语Putting on our shoes作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。这句和上一句话表达了当时人们的绝望之情。 ⑬in the history of...在……的历史上 ⑭tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的，困倦的 tiring adj.令人困倦的，使人疲劳的，累人的 ⑮weather conditions天气情况 condition n.(尤指对人产生影响的某一特定时间的)天气情况 ⑯cheerful/'tʃɪəfəl/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 原文呈现 名师圈点 However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way⑰ with them.Later，these rocks proved⑱ that at one time⑲ in the distant past⑳，the continent㉑ of Antarctica was covered by plants. Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go [8] was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking㉒.Scott recorded his death： “He said，‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ [9]...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. [10]We all hope to meet the end㉓ with a similar spirit，and certainly the end is not far. [11]” [8]动词不定式to go作后置定语，修饰The next。这里的The next to go意为“下一个去世的人”。 [9]这句话是奥茨和队友的告别。面对死亡，他只是说“我只是出去走走，可能要待上一会儿”。这说明了他的勇敢。 [10]本句是由but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中含有一个though引导的让步状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。 [11]这句话表达了人们对奥茨选择的死亡方式的认可，也预示着死亡正在逼近每个人。 ⑰all the way 一路上，自始至终 ⑱prove /pruːv/vt.证明；证实 ⑲at one time曾经有一个时期，一度 at a time每次 ⑳in the distant past很久以前，遥远的过去 distant /'dɪstənt/adj.久远的；遥远的 ㉑continent /'kɒntɪnənt/n.洲，大洲；大陆 the continent of Antarctica南极大陆 ㉒have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难 have difficulty with...在……方面有困难 ㉓meet the end 过世，死去 end n．辞世，过世(婉辞，与death同义) 原文呈现 名师圈点 Scott and two of his team members carried on㉔ and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent㉕.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen： “I could tell you lots and lots about this journey.What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price㉖ to pay [12].” [12]画线部分what a price to pay表达了Scott 的伤感和无奈之情。 Scott’s diary also told the story of their end： “We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can’t be far.It seems a pity，but I do not think I can write more. ”[13] [13]这句话预示了Scott和他的队友们最后死亡的结局。 ㉔carry on继续移动 ㉕tent /tent/n.帐篷 put up/take down a tent搭/拆帐篷 ㉖price在此意为“代价”。 原文呈现 名师圈点 The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record，for honesty㉗，for sincerity㉘，for bravery㉙，for everything that makes a man”．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men [14]made them heroes. [14]画线部分是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the great courage。 ㉗honesty /'ɒnəsti/n.坦诚；诚实，正直 honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的 ㉘sincerity /sɪn'serəti/n.真诚，真挚，诚实 sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的；诚实的 ㉙bravery /'breɪvəri/n.勇气；勇敢的行为 原文呈现 名师圈点 译文参考 1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始他的南极之旅。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。于是，一场南极探险比赛开始了！ 在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备处。之后，完全漆黑的极地冬天来了，斯科特和阿蒙森都在焦急地等待春天的到来。 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森率先出发。他让几队狗一直拉着雪橇，他和所有人都坐滑雪板前行。因此，他进展得很快。11月1日，斯科特出发，不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气出现严重问题。没过多久，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推着雪橇前行。 1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达南极，在那里插上了挪威的国旗，然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的队伍安全返回出发基地，比他们的原计划提前了10天。 1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员最终抵达南极。他们看到挪威的国旗时，深感震惊。斯科特在他的日记中写道： “好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄伟的目标，而且还得面对800英里的艰苦路途——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想告别。” 此次返程堪称探险史上最艰难的返程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气情况也很恶劣。斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望的处境： “我们(看上去)都很高兴，但每个人心里是什么感受我却只能猜测。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢了。” 然而，返程途中，他们还花时间找岩石，一路带着20公斤的岩石行进。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 之后，灾难来袭。埃德加·埃文斯得了重病，在一次重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个去世的是奥茨船长，他走路都很困难。斯科特记录了他的死亡： “他说，‘我只是出去(走走)，可能要待上一会儿。’……我们都知道，可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们也曾试图阻止他，但我们都明白，这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。” 斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备处不足11英里的地方。但是，接着一场可怕的暴风雪袭来，他们完全不能离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信： “我有好多好多关于这次旅行的事情要告诉你，你将会有多棒的故事可以讲给儿子听……但这付出了多大的代价啊。” 斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局： “我们越来越虚弱，死亡不会远了。很遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。” 斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也为斯科特的离世而打动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得南极探险的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 阅读单词——识记 1．ride on a sledge 乘______ 2．a pair of boots 一双______ 3．the polar regions ______地区 雪橇 靴子 极地 核心单词——练通 1．a pair of wooden ______ 一副滑雪板 2．put up a ______ 搭帐篷 3．the _________ of the school football team 学校足球队的队长 4．the ___________ of Africa 非洲大陆 skis tent captain continent 拓展单词——用活 1．_________ n．探险者；勘察者 →explore v．考察，探险 →exploration n．探险；探索 2．____________ n．预备，准备 →prepare vt.预备，准备 →prepared adj.有准备的；经过调制的 3．______ n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 →basis n．基础；基点 →basic adj.基本的，基础的 →basically adv.基本上，从根本上说 explorer preparation base 4．___________ adv.焦虑地；不安地 →anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的 →anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 5．__________ n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 →ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 6．__________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 →cheer vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油 n．欢呼声，喝彩声 7．_______ vt.证明；证实 →proof n．证据，证明 adj.防……的 anxiously ambition cheerful prove 8．________ adj.久远的；遥远的 →distance n．距离 9．_________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直 →honest adj.诚实的 10．__________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实 →sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地 →sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 11．_________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为 →brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 vt.勇敢面对；冒(风险)；经受(困难) distant honesty sincerity bravery 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．______________ 在去……的路上 2．__________________ 为……做准备 3．____________ 停止运转，出故障 4．_____________________ 在……方面有困难 第二组　英译汉 5．ahead of... ____________________________________ 6．all the way __________________ 7．at one time ______________________ 8．carry on ________________ on the way to in preparation for... break down have difficulties with... (时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先 一路上，自始至终 曾经有一个时期，一度 继续；继续移动 典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　then置于句首引起句子完全倒装 教材原句　Then ____________________ (漆黑完全降临) of the polar winter. 2．句型公式　the＋序数词＋动词不定式(作定语) 教材原句　Amundsen was ________________ (率先出发) on 8 September，1911． 3．句型公式　“have sb /sth doing sth”意为“让某人/某物一直做某事” 教材原句　He ________________________________ (让那几队狗一直拉着雪橇) and all his men were on skis. came the total darkness the first to leave had teams of dogs pulling the sledges 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1　preparation n.预备，准备 (教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910－1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. 在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备处。 (1)in preparation (for...) 在准备(……)中 make preparations for... 为……做准备 (2)prepare v. 准备；使……准备好 prepare to do sth 准备做某事 prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做准备 (3)prepared adj. 做好准备的 get/be prepared for/to do sth 为某事做好准备；准备做某事 中国元素　Before the Chinese New Year，families are busy making preparations，including cleaning the house，decorating with red lanterns，and preparing traditional dishes. 春节前，各家各户都在忙着做准备工作，包括打扫房子、用红灯笼装饰和准备传统菜肴。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之学校活动 ①The company is in ______________(prepare) for the launch of their new product. ②She was mentally___________ (prepare)for the challenging task ahead. ③They are preparing _______ (go) on a vacation to the beach. ④Before that day，we would make preparations _____ the activities. ⑤学校组织了一系列讲座，让学生们为将来的工作机会做好准备。 The school organized a range of lectures to _______________________ future job opportunities. preparation prepared to go prepare the students for for 2　base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 (教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. 在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备处。 (1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据…… (2)basis n. 基础；基本原则 on the basis of... 根据……；在……的基础上 (3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的 中国元素　Traditional Chinese medicine is based on the belief in balancing the body’s energy，or qi，to promote health. 传统中医基于平衡身体能量(或叫“气”)的理念，以促进健康。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之语言学习 ①We based our decision _________ the reaction of our customers. ②We club members gather on a weekly _______ (base) at the basketball court. ③The training program focused on teaching the _______ (base) skills needed for effective communication. ④根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 __________________________， learning English online is really a great way for English learners. on/upon basis basic Based on my own experience 3　break down 停止运转，出故障；分解；崩溃，感情失控(痛哭起来) (教材原句)First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气出现严重问题。 break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂 break away(from sb/sth) 突然离开；(从……中)脱离 break into 破门而入；闯入；突然……起来(＋名词) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；突然……起来(＋doing) 单句语法填空/补全句子/读后续写之细节描写 ①After a heated argument，Tom and Sarah decided to break ____ and end their relationship. ②It took a lot of determination for him to break away_______ his addiction and start a new，healthier lifestyle. ③The firefighter had to break _____ the burning building to rescue the trapped residents. ④Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks _____？ ⑤她再也忍不住她的眼泪，在她的朋友面前崩溃了。 She couldn’t hold back her tears any longer and ____________ in front of her friends. up from into out broke down 4　ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 (教材原句)“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing —and goodbye to most of our dreams.” “好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄伟的目标，而且还得面对800英里的艰苦路途——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想告别。” (1)achieve/realize one’s ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负 (2)ambitious adj. 抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事 温馨提示　ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 单句语法填空/读后续写之个人经历 ①His ambition _________ (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother’s ambition is ___________ (become) a pilot after graduation. ③Despite facing many obstacles along the way，his ___________(ambition) nature drove him to pursue his dreams. ④经过多年的努力，她终于实现了成为一名成功律师的抱负。 After years of hard work，she finally ____________________________________ a successful lawyer. to work to become ambitious achieved/realized her ambition of becoming 5　prove vt.证明；证实 linking verb被证明是；原来是；结果是 (教材原句)Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 (1)prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 prove (to sb) that... (向某人)证明…… prove sb/sth /oneself (to be)＋名词/形容词 证明某人/某事/自己是…… It is proved that... 据证明…… (2)prove (to be) 被证明是/结果是…… 温馨提示　prove用作连系动词时不用于被动语态，后常接形容词、名词作表语。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之保护动物 ①Give me a chance and I will prove my honesty ____ you. ②Lucas proved himself _______ (be) equal to the position as a teacher. ③Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield，Illinois，___________________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. ④事实证明，他们所采取的保护野生动植物的措施是有效的。 ___________________ the measures they took to protect wildlife are effective. to to be has proved/proven It has been proved that 6　distant adj.久远的；遥远的 (教材原句)Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 (1)be distant from 离……远；与……相去甚远，与……不同 (2)distance n． 距离；间距；(空间的)遥远 in the distance 在远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远 keep sb at a distance 与某人保持一定距离 温馨提示　表示“在远处”既可用at a distance，也可用in the distance，两个短语中的介词和冠词不可互换。in the distance的意思虽为“在远处”，但是指望得见或听得见的地方。 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①It seems that the school life in senior high is distant ______ that of his junior high school. ②Seen at ___ distance，the picture looks more beautiful. ③Tom was a naughty boy and all his classmates kept him ____ a distance. ④看着儿子消失在远方，她的双眸满是泪水。 She watched her son disappear ______________， with tears in her eyes. from a at in the distance Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1　句型公式：完全倒装 (教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 之后，完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。 本句为完全倒装句，副词then置于句首。正常语序为：The total darkness of the polar winter came then. (1)当here，there，now，then，in，out，up，down，off，away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，lie，stand等，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装结构(即谓语部分全部移至主语之前)。其中谓语多用一般现在时或者一般过去时。 (2)表语或地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首时，也要用完全倒装。 中国元素 　When we Chinese need help in a foreign land，at our back stands a strong motherland. 当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候，我们身后永远站着我们强大的祖国。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之佳句 ①Across the Yangtze River ______ (lie) more than one bridge，the Nanjing Changjiang Bridge being the first one. ②The door opened and in ______ (come) Mr Smith. ③一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Present at the meeting ___________________ from China. ④这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。 _____________________，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. lies came were some scientists Such is our lively city 2　句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他让几队狗一直拉着雪橇，他和所有人都坐滑雪板前行。 句中的had teams of dogs pulling the sledges是“have＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(短语)”构成的have复合结构，意为“让/使/某人/某物一直做某事”。该结构若用于否定句中时，意为“不允许某人做某事”。 返回 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①He is going to have the bad tooth ________ (pull) out. ②It is wrong for some parents to have their children __________ (study) all day on weekends. ③他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。 He was very funny and _______________ all the way. pulled studying had us laughing 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　根据汉语及首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共7分) 1．The brave _________(探险者)went into the deep jungle，searching for rare species. 2．The dogs pulled the ________(雪橇) across the frozen lake，gliding effortlessly over the smooth ice. 3．The old，abandoned house brought back ________(遥远的)memories of a happier time in her life. explorer sledge distant 4．They hope this new evidence will _______ (证明) her innocence. 5．Antarctica is the coldest and least populated ___________(大洲)on Earth. 6．He was appointed as c_______ of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games. 7．Our family will go camping this summer and we’ll have to buy a new t____. prove continent aptain ent 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．_______(base) on his past performance，I believe he has the ability to do the job well. 2．In __________(prepare) for the marathon，I have been training for months. 3．The student conducted an _____________(explore) of different cultures，learning about their traditions and customs. 4．The product has proven ______ (be) popular among consumers，with sales steadily increasing. 5．This __________ (ambition) student wants to become a great scientist in the future. Based preparation exploration to be ambitious 6．It is important to teach children the value of _________(honest) and the importance of telling the truth. 7．___________ (anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit. 8．We entered the castle，where we found a _________(cheer) old man sitting by the fire. 9．We will continue to strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest ___________ (sincere) and the utmost effort. 10．The soldier’s ________(brave) in the face of danger earned him numerous admiration and respect. honesty Anxiously cheerful sincerity bravery 维度三　完成句子(每小题2分，共8分) 1．现在是一个微信付款很流行的年代了。(完全倒装) _________________ when it is popular to use WeChat pay. 2．我真的厌倦了汤姆，他让我在雨中等了2个小时。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语) I’m really tired of Tom.He ______________ for two hours in the rain. 3．莫言是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家。(the＋序数词＋to do) Mo Yan is __________________________ the Nobel Prize in Literature. 4．汽车在高速公路中间出故障了，造成了严重的交通堵塞。(break) The car __________ in the middle of the highway，causing a major traffic jam. Here comes a time had me waiting the first Chinese writer to win broke down 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On 1 June，1910，Captain Scott began his journey 1．___ Antarctica. At the same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar summer，both teams organised food bases in 2．__________ (prepare) for their journeys. Amundsen reached the Antarctica first. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott 3．______ (final) arrived at the Pole.They were 4．_________ (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his diary: “Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5．_______(dream).” to preparation finally shocked dreams The return journey was one of the worst in the exploration. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott realised their 6．__________ (hope) situation: “We are very cheerful，7．_____ what each man feels in his heart I can only guess...” Then a terrible storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours 8．_________ (write). He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scott’s death shocked 9．_____ world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the extraordinary courage 10．_______ (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes. hopeless but writing the shown 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2024·浙江宁波高一上月考) It is common to see many different kinds of insects while spending time outside in the summer.Some of them do not trouble people and can even add beauty to the natural environment.Other insects can harm the environment or humans.The population of these insects seems to stay large. But scientists say this does not appear to be true for some flying insects that serve an important purpose.There is growing evidence that these insects are decreasing across the world. One researcher looking into the present insect population is Doug Tallamy，a professor at the University of Delaware.He noted a sentence by an American biologist，E.O.Wilson of Harvard University.Wilson once called insects “the little things that run the world”． He remembers walking through Washington，D．C．in the past when it was “alive with insects，especially butterflies”．Now，he said，“The flying insects are actually gone.” Wilson said this point seemed to be proved during a drive he made last year from Boston to Vermont.He was surprised that，during his trip，he counted only one insect that had hit the car’s front window.Several other scientists have carried out similar tests by checking how many insects hit their cars while traveling. While researchers admit this method is not scientific，they say it can still help them understand the changing flying insect population. There have not been many studies done on the flying insect population covering large areas.However，some international research suggests a downward turn. In 2006，a group of studies showed there had been a 14 percent drop in ladybugs(瓢虫)in the United States and Canada from 1987 to 2006． In Germany，a 2017 study found an 82 percent drop in the number of flying insects compared to levels recorded in 1990． After the German study，other countries also started looking into the problem.David Wagner of the University of Connecticut says other evidence leads him to believe the findings of the 2017 study are “clearly not a German thing”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——地球上的飞虫数量正在不断减少，这引起了许多科学家的担忧。 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The fact that the insects cause trouble to people. B．The fact that the population of the insects stays large. C．The fact that the insects harm the environment. D．The fact that the insects love staying indoors. 代词指代题。根据画线单词后的内容，尤其是“There is growing evidence that these insects are decreasing across the world.”可知，地球上的飞虫数量正在不断减少，所以this指代的是上文中的“The population of these insects seems to stay large.”。“昆虫数量依然很多”这一事实对于某些飞虫来说似乎是不正确的。 √ 2．How did Wilson try to prove the flying insects are decreasing? A．By making some comparisons. B．By using his personal experience. C．By listing research results. D．By studying the causes. 细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段的内容可知，Wilson用自己的亲身经历证明了地球上的飞虫数量正在不断减少。 √ 3．What does David Wagner think of the 2017 German study? A．He considers the study wasn’t done in German ways. B．He thinks it’s less believable than other evidence. C．He considers the German study was a good start. D．He thinks other places also have the problem. 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，继德国的研究之后，其他国家也开始调查这一问题，并且David Wagner表示，有证据表明，飞虫数量大幅减少绝非个案，在其他地方也存在。 √ 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Many Flying Insects Are Disappearing B．Some Knowledge About Flying Insects C．The Little Things That Run the World D．New Research on Flying Insects 标题归纳题。全文主要描述了地球上的飞虫数量正在不断减少这一事实。 √ B (2024·重庆市第八中学校高一上期中) Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without creepy-crawly bugs and annoying flies in your apartment. However，the results would be harmful. The number of insects has dropped by more than half in the past decades，according to British biologist Dave Goulson，author of Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse. As insects make up most of the known species on this planet，this data is not good news. Insects are indeed on the path to dying out，according to the first global scientific review of insect population decrease，which was published in the journal Biological Conservation in January 2019．The researchers say intensive agriculture has been the main cause of the decrease. Pesticides(杀虫剂)，in particular，destroy insect habitats. Urbanization and climate change are also significant reasons. “Unless we convert our ways of producing food，insects will go down the path of dying out in a few decades.” What would happen to Earth without insects? It’s almost impossible to predict，but the soil healthy and much more. Without insects，many animals would have nothing to eat，and the predators(捕食者)of those animals would go hungry as well. The ecosystem(生态系统)would be thrown off balance. “If insect species losses cannot be stopped，this will have harmful effects for both the planet’s ecosystems and for the survival of mankind，” said Sanchez-Bayo，one of the authors of the review. The first step to stop this process is “to build a society that values the natural world，both for what it does for us and for its own sake”， Sanchez-Bayo suggests. “The obvious place to start is with our children，encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了昆虫数量日益减少的现象以及这个现象带来的危害并呼吁阻止这一现象。 5．What is people’s general impression of insects? A．Very interesting. B．Quite unpleasant. C．Extremely helpful. D．Unexpectedly harmful. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without creepy-crawly bugs and annoying flies in your apartment.”可推知，人们对昆虫的总体印象是很不好的。故选B项。 √ 6．What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Drop. B．Change. C．Expand. D．Simplify. 词义猜测题。根据前文“The researchers say intensive agriculture...also significant reasons.”可知，集约化农业是昆虫减少的主要原因。杀虫剂尤其会破坏昆虫的栖息地。城市化和气候变化也是重要原因。这说明人类农业活动使昆虫处于危险之中，由此推知画线词句“Unless we convert our ways of producing food，insects will go down the path of dying out in a few decades.”中画线词汇convert意思是“改变”，指如果人类不改变农业生产方式，昆虫就会灭绝。故选B项。 √ 7．Why are insects so important to Earth according to this article? A．Insects keep the earth ecosystem. B．Insects ensure the earth’s diversity. C．Insects make the soil dry and healthy. D．Insects help slow down climate change. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Without insects，many animals...would be thrown off balance.”可知，因为昆虫维持着地球的生态系统所以对地球非常重要。故选A项。 √ 8．What can we do to stop insect species losses according to Sanchez-Bayo? A．Use nature in a gentle way. B．Produce less food for human beings. C．Educate younger generation to know about it. D．Provide insects with enough habitats and food. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Sanchez-Bayo的建议“The obvious place to start is with our children，encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.”可推知， Sanchez-Bayo认为我们应该教育年轻一代了解它来阻止昆虫物种的损失。故选C项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·深圳市人大附中深圳学校高一上期中) Gardening requires a lot of physical labor，extending from light exercise to heavy work. Bending，digging，lifting tools，carrying things and moving from time to time can burn calories and build muscles. 　1　 Their backs can start to hurt and so can their knees. Even the strongest and healthiest gardeners can hurt themselves. For people who are less physically fit or who have health conditions that limit movement or cause pain，gardening may seem impossible. Jessica Damiano，an expert，says there are ways to grow plants that are gentle on the body. 　2　 She said she used heating pads(衬垫)on her neck and lowered her back for about 5 minutes before starting to garden. The practice helped to prepare her muscles for work. A few minutes of gentle stretching helped，too. If you want to garden，it is also a good idea to try to collect all the tools you will need before settling into your labor. 　3　 It is the easiest and safest way to take and return it. Taking simple care in the way you lift and carry the objects you need can prevent injury. 　4　 You can stand with your feet as far apart as your shoulders to keep your balance. If bending at all is too difficult，or if you garden while seated，grow plants in raised beds that are as tall as your chair or the middle part of your body. Use pushcarts to transport heavy supplies. When you carry weight on your own，hold heavy objects to your chest，keeping your back as straight as possible. Plant containers can be very heavy. 　5　. Most importantly，limit gardening periods to between 60 and 90 minutes，and take it easy. A．Gardeners have to keep healthy and strong. B．She recently provided some relevant advice. C．However，the labor can also injure gardeners’ bodies. D．Store the heaviest equipment on waist-height shelves. E．Remember to bend your knees when lifting a bag of covering. F．At first，Damiano did gardening without making preparations. G．It is best to set them where you want them before filling them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺对身体的锻炼效果以及可能引起的伤害，同时提供了一些建议，如在园艺前进行准备活动和伸展运动，收集好所有所需工具，正确举起和携带物品，使用推车运输重物，将植物种在高床上，并限制园艺时间。 Gardening requires a lot of physical labor，extending from light exercise to heavy work. Bending，digging，lifting tools，carrying things and moving from time to time can burn calories and build muscles. _______________________________________________ Their backs can start to hurt and so can their knees. Even the strongest and healthiest gardeners can hurt themselves. For people who are less physically fit or who have health conditions that limit movement or cause pain，gardening may seem impossible. 根据后文“Their backs can start to hurt and so can their knees. Even the strongest and healthiest gardeners can hurt themselves.”可知，园艺可能会让背部开始疼痛，膝盖也会。即使是最强壮、最健康的园丁也会伤到自己。C项“然而，这种劳动也会伤害园丁的身体。”引起后文，符合语境。 C．However，the labor can also injure gardeners’ bodies. Jessica Damiano，an expert，says there are ways to grow plants that are gentle on the body. _________________________________________ She said she used heating pads(衬垫)on her neck and lowered her back for about 5 minutes before starting to garden. The practice helped to prepare her muscles for work. A few minutes of gentle stretching helped，too. B．She recently provided some relevant advice. 根据前文“Jessica Damiano，an expert，says there are ways to grow plants that are gentle on the body.”可知，杰西卡提出了一些建议，避免在园艺工作中引起伤害。后文“She said she used heating pads(衬垫)on her neck and lowered her back for about 5 minutes before starting to garden.”提出了缓解园艺工作中的伤害的方法：在开始园艺之前在颈部和下背部使用热敷垫大约5分钟。B项“她最近提供了一些相关的建议。”中的“some relevant advice”与后文具体的建议“在开始园艺之前在颈部和下背部使用热敷垫大约5分钟”相呼应，符合语境。 If you want to garden，it is also a good idea to try to collect all the tools you will need before settling into your labor. ____________________________ _____________________ It is the easiest and safest way to take and return it. D．Store the heaviest equipment on waist-height shelves. 根据前文“If you want to garden，it is also a good idea to try to collect all the tools you will need before settling into your labor.”可知，在开始园艺之前，先开始收集工作时需要的工具，D项“将最重的工具放在齐腰高的架子上。”指出如何处理这些工具。D项中“heaviest equipment”与后文的it形成呼应，符合语境。 Taking simple care in the way you lift and carry the objects you need can prevent injury. ____________________________________________________ You can stand with your feet as far apart as your shoulders to keep your balance. If bending at all is too difficult，or if you garden while seated，grow plants in raised beds that are as tall as your chair or the middle part of your body. E．Remember to bend your knees when lifting a bag of covering. 根据前文“Taking simple care in the way you lift and carry the objects you need can prevent injury.”可知，小心提起和搬运物品的简单方式可以预防受伤。E项“记得在提起一袋覆盖物时弯曲膝盖。”承接前文，指出搬东西的时候弯曲膝盖是具体的小心的方式。 Use pushcarts to transport heavy supplies. When you carry weight on your own，hold heavy objects to your chest，keeping your back as straight as possible. Plant containers can be very heavy. ____________________________ _______________________________ Most importantly，limit gardening periods to between 60 and 90 minutes， and take it easy. G．It is best to set them where you want them before filling them. 根据前文的“Plant containers can be very heavy.”可知，植物容器可能很重。G项“最好在填土之前先将其放到想要的位置。”解释如何处理较重的植物容器。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·东北育才学校高一上学期期中) More than three decades ago，Chu Hongjun，a young man from East China’s Shandong Province，traveled to Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，1．____________ (throw) himself into wildlife research and protection work in Altay Prefecture. Today，his 27-year-old daughter，Chu Wenwen，sticks to the faith of her father. More than that，she has 2．_____________ (successful) called on more than 1 million young people in making a joint effort to create a better living environment for the Mengxin beaver(海狸)，3．________ is only found along the Ulungur River in Altay. throwing successfully which The web-savvy(精通网络的)youngster has initiated a project to livestream (直播)，24 hours a day，how the beavers live 4．______ the wild. Infrared(红外线的) cameras have been fixed so that viewers can monitor the ecological circulation around those small habitats 5．________ (build) by the beavers. “We are the young generation that grew up during the Internet boom. Today，modern online communication tools and advanced 6．_____________(equip) used for scientific research enable us to gather more people together in the pursuit(追求) of wildlife protection，” she says. in built equipment Additionally，Chu Wenwen is also willing to take parents and their children on field trips 7．_________ (observe) beavers first-hand. She believes that if opportunities 8．____________(provide) for people to learn more about the animal，they will be 9．____________ (likely) to take action to protect it. “We can bridge 10．______ gap between the public and the beavers，” she says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了储雯雯在父亲的影响下投身蒙新海狸的保护工作，用现代工具和先进设备聚集更多的人去保护野生动物。 to observe are provided more likely the 1．答案：throwing 2．答案：successfully 3．答案：which 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作状语，动词throw和句子主语Chu Hongjun之间是主动关系，故本空应用动词-ing形式作状语。 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词has called on，故应用副词successfully作状语。 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Mengxin beaver、指物，本空在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 4．答案：in 5．答案：built 6．答案：equipment 考查介词。in the wild意为“在野外”，故本空应用介词in。 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作后置定语，动词build和被修饰名词habitats之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词形式。 考查词性转换。本空和空前名词tools并列，根据空前形容词advanced可知，本空应用不可数名词equipment，意为“设备”。 7．答案：to observe 8．答案：are provided 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主句用一般将来时，if条件状语从句应用一般现在时，且主语opportunities和动词provide之间是被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填are provided。 9．答案：more likely 10．答案：the 考查形容词的比较级。结合上文“to learn more about the animal”可知，人们越多了解这种动物，就越有可能保护它，故本空应用形容词的比较级形式。 考查冠词。此处特指海狸和公众之间的鸿沟，应用定冠词the修饰名词gap。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$