UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading 1．Have you ever seen any films about the sea？What did you think of them？Tell the class. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Answers may vary.) 2．Do you know the following films？Can you tell the story to the class? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The first one is Titanic.This is the wonderful ship—Titanic.When it was sailing to America，it sank into the sea.Most of the people in the ship died. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The second one is The Legend of 1900. It is a story about spiritual freedom and pure soul.A man called 1900 was born on the ship，grew on the ship and died on the ship.The ship called Virginian bears his whole life.In 1900’s life time，only once he made a decision to leave the ship and see the world.But at last，he turned back，because “All that city you just couldn’t see an end to it.” 3．What is a “Moskoe-strom”？ _______________________________________________ 4．Who wrote the story? ____________________________ 5．What do you think will happen in the story? __________________ It is a system of tidal whirlpools in the Norwegian Sea. Edgar Allan Poe wrote the story. (Answers may vary.) Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea. What’s the main idea of the text? A．A terrible experience at sea. B．Something terrible happened about three years ago. C．The writer got rescued from the sea. D．The writer’s brothers died in the sea. √ Ⅱ.Read for the structure. Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. his two brothers fell direction hopeless edge barreles observations tied frightened fishermen Ⅲ.Read for details. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What made the writer’s hair change from black to white? A．Medicine. B．Sorrow. C．Something terrible. D．The old age. 2．What does “All at once” mean in the second paragraph? A．Suddenly. B．Only once. C．At one time. D．At a time. √ √ 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The fishermen believed the storyteller’s story. B．The storyteller made the right decision and he survived. C．When the storyteller was saved，the fishermen recognised him. D．The storyteller’s younger brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. 4．Which of the following didn’t help the writer survive? A．The barrel. B．The writer himself. C．Some fishermen. D．The writer’s brother. √ √ 5．What did the writer mean by the last sentence of the passage? A．He was not sure that the readers would believe him. B．He was sure that the readers would believe him，though the fishermen didn’t. C．He was sure that the readers would believe half of his story. D．He expected the readers would believe him rather than the fishermen. √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _________________________________ 这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在漩涡边缘时，我反而比向漩涡移动时更平静。 but连接并列句 when引导时间状语从句 2．As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ___________ why引导定语从句 that引导表语从句 如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(恶劣天气描写) 学后仿写　天空满是乌云，预示着暴风雨即将来临。 ____________________________________， signaling an approaching storm. 2．教材佳句　Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(好的天气描写) 学后仿写　 大雨过后，天空变得晴朗起来，一道彩虹横跨天空。 After the heavy rain，___________________ and a rainbow arched across the sky. The sky was covered/filled with dark clouds the sky became clear 返回 Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What does the storyteller mean by “it took only six hours to break my body and soul”？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is the story trying to say about the relationship between humans and nature？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He means that the storm is very horrible and frightening，and leaves him a deep impression. The force of nature is huge.Human beings should keep calm in the face of natural disasters and try to solve them.At the same time，human beings should adapt to the laws of nature，protect the natural environment，and learn to live in harmony with nature. 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 原文呈现 ①soul /səʊl/n.灵魂 名师圈点 A SEA STORY About three years ago，something terrible happened to me.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul①. [1] You think I am a very old man—but I am not.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. [1]此处为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day；从句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是to break my body and soul。从句使用了句型it takes/took(sb) some time to do sth“(某人)花费时间做某事”。 One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked② going [2] and got more fish than others.All at once③，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea.My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out“Moskoe-strom！”The moment I heard the word I became very frightened④. [3] I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. [4] [2]画线部分为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the islands。 [3]本句中The moment引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。 [4]本句中what引导宾语从句，作动词knew的宾语，what在从句中作meant的宾语。 ②risk vt.冒险 n．风险；危险 risk doing sth冒险做某事 take a risk冒险 ③all at once突然，忽然 [拓展] at once立即，马上；同时 once again/once more再一次，再次 ④frightened /'fraɪtnd/adj.受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj.令人害怕的 原文呈现 名师圈点 With the wind and waves，we were going in the direction of⑤ the whirlpool. We were hopeless⑥. Nothing could save us. I felt sick⑦，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream [5]. We went round and round⑧，nearer and nearer to the horrible⑨ edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of⑩ the whirlpool，I felt calmer⑪ than when we were moving towards it. [6] I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature⑫． [7] Suddenly，we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment⑬ passed，and I was still safe. [5]画线部分为as if引导的方式状语从句。 [6]本句中but连接两个并列分句。第一个分句为主系表结构；第二个分句中两个when均引导时间状语从句，主句I felt calmer than...中含有than引导的比较状语从句。 [7]本句中主句为I began to think，两个how均引导宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。 ⑤in the direction of...朝着……的方向 ⑥hopeless adj.无望的 [构词法] -less是常见后缀，可用于构成形容词，表示“无……的，不……的”。 ⑦feel sick作呕；感觉病了 ⑧round and round(尤指徒劳地)兜兜转转 ⑨horrible/'hɒrəbəl/adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 ⑩on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) edge /edʒ/n.边缘 ⑪calm adj.镇定的，沉着的 ⑫the power of nature 大自然的力量 ⑬moment after moment一刻又一刻 原文呈现 名师圈点 The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed⑭．I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels⑮. After a while，I became curious about⑯ the whirlpool itself.I then made three important observations⑰.The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell；[8] the second，between two objects of equal⑱ extent⑲，round objects fell down more rapidly；and the third，between two objects of the same size，objects shaped like a tube ⑳[9] fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to㉑ a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape. [8]此处为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。 [9]此处shaped like a tube是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects。 ⑭at great speed快速地 at the speed of...以……的速度 ⑮barrel /'bærəl/n.桶 ⑯become curious about... 对……变得好奇 curious /'kjʊəriəs/adj.好奇的 ⑰make observations进行观察 observation/ˌɒbzə'veɪʃən/n.观察；观察结果 ⑱equal /'iːkwəl/adj.相等的；相同的 ⑲extent /ɪk'stent/n.面积；长度；范围；程度 to a certain /some extent 在某种程度上 to a great /large extent 在很大程度上 to what extent 在多大程度上 to such an extent 到如此地步 ⑳tube/tjuːb/n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 ㉑tie...to...把……捆(系，绑)到……上 原文呈现 名师圈点 As you can see，[10] the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision．[11] Some time after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.Soon after that，the whirlpool became less wild㉒.Then the sky was clear㉓，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. [12] In the end，a boat picked me up㉔.I was very tired.The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to㉕ recognise㉖ me.When I told them my story，they did not believe it.Now I have told you，and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did .[13] [10]画线部分为As引导的定语从句，As意为“正如，就像”。 [11]该句使用了句型“the reason why...is that...”，其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，that 引导表语从句。 [12]画线部分为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an area。 [13]该句中than引导比较状语从句。 ㉒wild adj.狂暴的；暴风雨的 [反义] calm adj.风平浪静的；平静的 ㉓clear adj.无云(或雾)的；晴朗的 ㉔pick up搭救，营救 ㉕be unable to do sth不能做某事 ㉖recognise vt.辨认出 原文呈现 名师圈点 译文参考 一个海上的故事 大约3年前，我遭遇了一件极其可怕的事情。那天，仅仅6个小时的时间我的身心遭遇了重创。你会觉得我年纪已长，但事实并非如此。我只是在不到一天的时间里，满头黑发尽数变白。 一天，我和哥哥弟弟从我们经常去探险的岛屿返回，抓的鱼比其他人都多。突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，弟弟掉进了海里。哥哥把嘴贴近我耳边大喊：“大漩涡！”一听到这个词，我就感到恐惧万分。我非常清楚他说的那个词所代表的意义。 在巨风猛浪的裹挟下，我们朝着漩涡的方向移动。我们绝望了。谁也救不了我们。我感到一阵恶心，仿佛梦里从山顶坠落。我们一圈又一圈地转动着，越来越靠近那个可怕的漩涡边缘。这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在漩涡边缘时，我反而比向漩涡移动时更平静。我不禁开始思考，以这种方式死去是多么令人难以置信的事啊，能看到大自然的力量是多么美妙啊。突然，我们越过了边缘。我想，我的生命结束了。但是时间一分一秒地流逝着，我依旧安然无恙。 船只进入巨大的漩涡，我们开始高速旋转。我清楚地看到，漩涡里还有其他东西——大树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身变得好奇起来。然后我有了三个重要发现。第一，物体越大，它们下落得就越快；第二，两个大小相等的物体，圆形物体下落得较快；第三，两个同等大小的物体， 圆管形的物体下落得较慢。于是，我把自己绑在一只桶上，好让自己漂浮起来。我试图让哥哥也能明白这一点，但他实在太害怕了，坚持留在笨重的船上。没等多久，我一跃跳进海里，试图逃生。 如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。我从船上跳下之后，哥哥还在上面，过了一段时间，船被吸入漩涡底部。此后不久，漩涡变得温和了。然后天气晴朗，风平浪静，月亮也明亮起来。我人还绑在桶上，很快，海浪把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。最后我被一艘船救起。我疲惫极了。这些渔民都是我的老朋友了，却没能认出我来。我向他们讲述自己的故事时，他们并不相信。现在，我又将这段经历告诉了你们，我并不指望你能比那些渔民更相信我。 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 阅读单词——识记 1．get caught in a whirlpool 被困在_______中 2．a rapid descent 快速的_______ 3．modern poetry 现代_______ 4．a barrel of oil 一______油 5．a tube station _______站 漩涡 下降 诗歌 桶 地铁 核心单词——练通 1．a huge ______ 一个巨浪 2．________ from the fire 从火中逃出来 3．_______ in the sky 在空中飘浮 4．start a new ______ 建立一个新档案 5．_______ forces 潮汐力 6．stand on the ______ of the cliff 站在悬崖的边缘 7．to a certain ________ 在一定程度上 wave escape float file tidal edge extent 拓展单词——用活 1．_________ vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 →survival n．幸存 →survivor n．幸存者 2．_________ n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物 →mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 3．____________ adj.受惊的，害怕的 →fright n．害怕 →frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬 →frightening adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 survive mystery frightened 4．__________ adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 →horribly adv.可怕地；非常地 5．_________ adj.好奇的 →curiously adv.好奇地 →curiosity n．好奇，好奇心 6．_____________ n．观察；观察结果 →observe vt.观察；注意 →observer n．观察者；评论者；遵守者 7．_______ adj.相等的；相同的 →equality n．相等；平等 →equally adv.平等地；相等地 horrible curious observation equal 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．________________ 被……盖满；充满着…… 2．____________ 忍受，遭受；患……病；受……之苦 3．___________ 和……分享 4．_____________ 发生在某人身上 5．___________ 突然，忽然 6．_________ 少于 7．_________________ 朝……的方向 8．_______________ 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) be covered with suffer from share with happen to sb all at once less than in the direction of on the edge of 第二组　英译汉 9．make use of ____________ 10．turn one’s back (on sb /sth) ________________________________ 11．take care of ____________ 12．moment after moment ____________ 13．at great speed ________ 14．become curious about... ____________ 15．tie...to... _________________________ 16．pick up _____________________________________ 使用，利用 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 照顾；注意 一刻又一刻 快速地 对……好奇 把……捆(系，绑到)……上 搭救，营救；(汽车、飞机)乘载；学会；捡 典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　It takes/took sb ＋一段时间＋to do sth意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”。 教材原句　That was the day when ___________________________________ ________ (仅花费了6个小时的时间我的身心遭受重创). 2．句型公式　The moment引导时间状语从句 教材原句　____________________________ (一听到这个词) I became very frightened. 3．句型公式　as if引导方式状语从句 教材原句　I felt sick，_________________________________ (仿佛我正在从山顶坠落) in a dream. it took only six hours to break my body and soul The moment I heard the word as if I was falling from a mountain top 返回 4．句型公式　 “the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”意为“越……，就越……” 教材原句　The first，_____________________________________________ (物体越大，它们下落得就越快). 5．句型公式　(1)as引导非限制性定语从句 (2)the reason why...is that...……的原因是…… 教材原句　________________ (如你所见)，__________________________ ______________ (我还能在这里讲述这个故事的原因是)I made the right decision. the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell As you can see the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1　escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避；幸免于难；被忘掉；漏出，泄漏，渗出 (教材原句)to escape逃离 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from sb/sth 从……逃脱/逃走 (2)have a narrow escape 侥幸逃脱 中国元素　Tao Yuanming used his poetry as a means to escape from official circle. 陶渊明用他的诗歌作为一种逃避官场的手段。 一词多义/单句语法填空/读后续写之个人经历 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me. __________ ②It is said that he narrowly escaped ____________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the women and her three children managed to escape ______ the burning house. ④The thief tiptoed into the room __________ (escape) being found by the host. ⑤当一场突如其来的暴风雪袭来时，他死里逃生。 He ___________________ when an unexpected snowstorm hit. vt.被忘掉 being killed from to escape had a narrow escape 2　survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 (教材原句) to survive a storm在暴风雨中幸存 (1)survive＋(the fire /earthquake/accident...) 从(火灾/地震/事故……)中生还 survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来 (2)survival n． 幸存；遗物，幸存物 survivor n． 幸存者，死里逃生的人 中国元素　Traditional Chinese medicine has survived for thousands of years and continues to be an integral part of healthcare in China and around the world. 中医药已经存在了数千年，并继续成为中国和世界各地医疗保健不可或缺的一部分。 单句语法填空/读后续写之哲理句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ______________ (survive) China’s long history. ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the __________(survive) of our natural resources. ③I wonder how they can survive ____ such poor income. ④After the plane crash，she was the only ____________ (survive)among the passengers. ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about ______________________；it’s about learning to dance in the rain. has survived survival on survivor how to survive the storm 3　frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 (教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这个词，我就感到恐惧万分。 (1)be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事 be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 吓得要死 (2)fright n. 惊吓；害怕 (3)frighten vt. 使惊吓，吓唬 frighten...away/off 把……吓跑 frighten sb into doing sth 吓唬某人做某事 (4)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的，使人害怕的 中国元素　Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky. 叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①The child was _________ (frighten) of the dark and insisted on sleeping with a night light. ②The young girl was frightened _____ (ask) for help，afraid of being refused. ③Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with ________ (frighten). frightened to ask fright ④The robbers frightened the old man ______ giving them all the money he had. ⑤The car accident was a __________ (frighten) experience，but fortunately，no one was seriously injured. ⑥她看到厨房里有一只老鼠，吓得半死，跳到椅子上大声呼救。 She saw a mouse in the kitchen and ____________________， jumping onto a chair and screaming for help. into frightening was frightened to death 4　curious adj.好奇的 (教材原句)After a while，I became curious about the whirlpool itself. 过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身变得好奇起来。 (1)be curious to do sth (因好奇)很想做某事 be curious about sth/sb 对某事/某人感到好奇 (2)curiosity n． 好奇心，求知欲 out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy/arouse sb’s curiosity 满足/激起某人的好奇心 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 中国元素　Face-changing in Sichuan Opera aroused the children’s curiosity，and they gathered around the performer with their eyes wide open. 川剧变脸引起了孩子们的好奇心，他们睁大眼睛围着表演者。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之邀请信 ①She was curious _________(know) why he suddenly decided to leave the company. ②Out of ___________(curious)，the boy opened the letter，which made his sister very angry. ③_________ (curious)，the missing book appeared on my desk two days later. ④知道你对春节很好奇，我写信邀请你和我们一起庆祝。 Knowing you __________________ Spring festival，I’m writing to invite you celebrate it with us. to know curiosity Curiously are curious about 5　equal adj.相等的；相同的vt.跟…相同；比得上，敌得过 n．同等的人；相等物 (教材原句)...the second，between two objects of equal extent，round objects fell down more rapidly... ……第二，两个大小相等的物体，圆形物体下落得较快…… (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 (2)equality n． 相等；平等 equally adv. 平等地；相等地 单句语法填空/读后续写之哲理句 ①Few students can equal him ____ the ability to quickly grasp complex concepts. ②Our team believes that we are equal ____ dealing with any challenge that comes our way. ③The prize money will be divided _________ (equal) among the winners. ④The law aims to ensure __________ (equal) for all citizens regardless of their race or ethnicity. ⑤凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should __________ ________ no matter how special he or she was. in to equally equality be treated equally 认知深化 一词多义 1．wave A．v.挥手；招手　B．v.(一端固定地)飘扬，飘动　C．n.海浪；波涛 ①The red flags are waving in the breeze. ___ ②As the wind blew harder，the waves grew rougher. ___ ③He waved his arms to draw their attention，but they paid no attention. ___ 2．edge A．n.边缘　B．n.(微弱的)优势　C．vi.(使)徐徐移动，渐渐移动 ①The team had the edge over their opponents in terms of experience. ___ ②She edged her way through the crowded room to get to the exit. ___ ③Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table. ___ B C A B C A Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1　句型公式：The moment 引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这个词，我就感到恐惧万分。 句中The moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。 引导时间状语从句的词语还有： (1)each/every time每次……的时候；next time下次……时；any time任何时候；last time上次……时；by the time到……为止 (2)the minute/moment/instant/second...，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...一……就…… (3)immediately/instantly/directly...一……就…… 温馨提示　在hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner和hardly/scarcely...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 补全句子/一句多译 ① ____________________ (下次你来时)，be sure to take your little daughter with you. ② ___________________________________ (上次我来看你家人的时候)，your father seemed to be in good health. Next time you come The last time I came to see your family ③一听到那个令人兴奋的消息，她就高兴得跳了起来。 →She jumped with joy ___________________________________________ ______________ she heard the exciting news. →No sooner _____________________________ than she jumped with joy. →Hardly had she heard the exciting news ________________________． immediately/instantly/directly/the moment/instant/ minute/second had she heard the exciting news when she jumped with joy 2　句型公式：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 越……，就越…… (教材原句)The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 第一，物体越大，它们下落得就越快…… 本句为“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，该结构意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。 (1)通常情况下，前一个分句相当于条件状语从句，后一个分句相当于主句。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”/“more and more＋多音节形容词或副词原级”意为“越来越……” (3)“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”意为“两者中比较……的那一个”。 佳句　The harder you work，the greater achievements you will make. 你越用功，取得的成就就越大。 补全句子/句型转换 ①___________(越长)she waited，_________________(就越生气)she became. ②_______________________(越早越好). ③After the incident，the girl is becoming ___________________________(越来越独立了). ④As we all know，time becomes more valuable to him as one gets older. →As we all know，__________ one gets，__________________ time becomes to him.(the＋比较级...the＋比较级...) The longer the more annoyed The sooner，the better more and more independent the older the more valuable 3　句型公式：The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… (教材原句)As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。 该句型中why引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，that引导表语从句。可以与以下句型相互转换： This is because... 这是因为…… That is why... 那就是……的原因 The reason is that... 原因是…… 佳句　The reason why the children are happy is that they can run freely in the open air. 孩子们高兴的原因是他们可以在户外自由地奔跑。 单句语法填空/句型转换/应用文写作之佳句 ①The reason _____ I am phoning you is that I want to confirm whether you have got my e-mail. ②The reason why we should cut down on sugar in our diet is that eating too much of it will lead to obesity. →We should cut down on sugar in our diet.The reason is ______ eating too much of it will lead to obesity. why that 返回 →We should cut down on sugar in our diet.That is _________ eating too much of it will lead to obesity. →Eating too much sugar will lead to obesity.This is _____ we should cut down on it in our diet. ③我们应该骑自行车去上班的原因是骑自行车比开车更环保。 ________________________________________ is that riding bikes is greener than driving. because why The reason why we are supposed to ride to work 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　根据汉语及首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The child stood on the ______(边缘)of the swimming pool，hesitating whether to jump in or not. 2．She has a lot of _______(档案)on her desk that she needs to sort through. 3．The company buys and sells about 600,000 _________(桶)of oil a day. 4．At night，all she could hear was the sound of the _______(海浪). 5．Music has the power to touch the ______(灵魂)，bringing light and hope into their lives. edge files barrels waves soul 6．I take the ______(地铁)to work every morning because it’s the quickest way to get there. 7．Tang Dynasty was known as the golden age of p_______， with renowned poets like Li Bai and Du Fu. 8．The leaf can f______ on the water’s surface without sinking. tube oetry loat 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．In the wild，animals have to constantly search for food and water to ensure their __________ (survive). 2．His _________ (curious) about different cultures led him to travel the world and experience new things. 3．Only through careful _____________ (observe) can we find out what the problem is. 4．He agreed with her ____ some extent，but there were still areas where they disagreed. 5．The dog was ___________ (frighten) by the thunder and sought comfort by hiding under the bed. survival curiosity observation to frightened 6．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be _________ (equal) respected. 7．We were curious _________ (know) how the little boy could keep calm in that situation. 8．The weather turned __________ (horrible) cold，making it difficult to even step outside. 9．The stranger had a ____________ (mystery) smile on his face，leaving others wondering about his intentions. 10．To our relief，she managed to escape ______ the burning car. equally to know horribly mysterious from 维度三　完成句子(每小题3分，共12分) 1．他没来参会的原因是他生病了。(the reason why...was that...) _____________________________________________ he was ill. 2．她一见到她的妈妈，脸上立刻绽放出喜悦的光芒。(the moment引导时间状语从句) ____________________________， her face lit up with joy. 3．看起来她好像刚从外太空回来。(as if) It looks ______________________________ outer space. 4．你运动做得越多，你就会越精力充沛。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) The more sports you do，___________________________． The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that The moment she saw her mother as if she had just come back from the more energetic you will be 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　One day about three years ago，the storyteller and his two brothers 1．______________ (fish) around some islands when the sky suddenly was covered 2．_________ dark clouds and then a terrible storm came.His younger brother fell into the sea.His elder brother cried out “Moskoe-strom！” And they were pushed towards the edge of the whirlpool.He felt 3．__________ (hope) and sick.When they were on 4．_____ edge of the whirlpool，he felt 5．________ (calm) than when they were moving towards it.After a moment， were fishing with/by hopeless the calmer they went over the edge and saw some trees and barrels in the whirlpool. Suddenly，he became curious about the whirlpool itself and made three important 6．_____________ (observe).Based on 7．_____ he found，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him to float.Although he tried 8．_________ (make) his elder brother understand that he should do as he did，his brother was too 9．____________ (frighten) to understand. Without waiting，he jumped into the sea and finally he 10．___________ (save) by other fishermen. observations what to make frightened was saved 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2024·鞍山市第一中学高一上学期期中) Cows produce much methane(甲烷)the world’s second worst greenhouse gas，as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed(海藻)to their food. 　　Recently，the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood，which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They used a small amount of seaweed，which they mixed with the cows’ food. 　　The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases，the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months，the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more，the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows. But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing，there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives，cows live in the fields，where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day. Still，as the study shows，something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经证明，通过在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，可以减少来自牛的污染。 1．Why did the researchers carry out the study? A．To improve the cows’ living conditions. B．To test the effects of the seaweed. C．To measure the amount of methane produced by cows. D．To discover healthier grass to reduce the pollution from cows. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They used a small amount of seaweed，which they mixed with the cows’ food.”及第三段中“The consequences were surprisingly...produced 33% less methane.”可知，研究人员进行这项研究是为了测试海藻的影响。故选B。 √ 2．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The background of the subjects. B．The process of the research. C．The content of the experiment. D．The results of the study. 段落大意题。根据第三段中“The consequences were surprisingly good.”及后面内容可知，第三段主要介绍的是这项研究的结果。故选D。 √ 3．What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion? A．Seaweed is pretty rare in the world. B．It’s hard to mix seaweed with grass. C．Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. D．Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A bigger problem is...to feed them seaweed every day.”可知，研究人员认为最大的挑战是牛很难每天吃到海藻。故选C。 √ 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the findings? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为给牛喂海藻可以减少污染。由此推知，作者对这些发现持积极态度。故选B。 √ B (2024·河北省沧衡八校联盟高一上学期期中) Tall，long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints，each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. However，a Tennessee zoo made headlines recently after it welcomed one of the world’s most uncommon giraffes. On July 31，a baby giraffe was born at Brights Zoo with light brown fur which is a reticulated(网状的)giraffe，one of the four different kinds of giraffes. Unlike most giraffes，she was born without spots，a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe. At six feet tall，this baby giraffe is growing well under her mother’s care. She shows typical baby giraffe behavior，such as eating rocks. Experts said the young giraffe was the only single-colored reticulated giraffe living anywhere on the planet. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan. A giraffe’s pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. “The new giraffe might not have survived if she had been born in the wild. Being single-colored，she may not be able to hide quite as well，” said Mr. David Bright，who runs the zoo，“It will easily be a key target for poachers(偷猎者)because she’s so unusual.” Brights Zoo stressed that reticulated giraffes had already become imperiled. In 2018，they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago，there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now，the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain. This brown giraffe’s birth is not only a rare and amazing event，but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild. By supporting efforts like this，we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了田纳西州的一家动物园出生了一只没有斑点的长颈鹿，本文解释了斑点对于长颈鹿的作用以及这只小长颈鹿出生的意义。 5．What do we know about the spots of giraffes? A．They help protect giraffes. B．They are the same pattern. C．They look like giraffes’ footprints. D．They appear on giraffes occasionally. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tall，long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies.”可知，长颈鹿的斑点有助于保护长颈鹿。故选A。 √ 6．What makes the young giraffe born at Brights Zoo special? A．Its extremely large size. B．Its light brown fur. C．Its unusual eating habit. D．Its absence of spots. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike most giraffes，she was born without spots，a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe.”可知，在布莱特动物园出生的小长颈鹿的特别之处是没有斑点。故选D。 √ 7．What does the underlined word “imperiled” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Recognized. B．Endangered. C．Doubled. D．Balanced. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Thirty-five years ago，there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now，the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain.”可知，35年前有36 000只网纹长颈鹿，现在这个数字已经减少了50%以上。目前只剩下大约16 000只网纹长颈鹿。这说明网纹长颈鹿濒临灭绝，故画线词意思是“濒临灭绝的”。故选B。 √ 8．Which word can best describe the birth of the young giraffe? A．Awkward. B．Worrying. C．Meaningful. D．Foreseeable. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这只棕色长颈鹿的出生不仅是一个罕见而惊人的事件，也是一个提高人们对野生长颈鹿面临的挑战的认识的机会。通过支持这样的努力，我们可以为保护这些大型生物作出贡献，并确保它们的子孙后代得以生存。由此可推知，小长颈鹿的诞生是有意义的。故选C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·青岛市高一上学期期中) Thanks to Earth，we have fresh air to breathe，clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy. But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realized that our planet is getting “sick”. 　1　 More than 15,000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats. Among those environmental challenges，global warming sits at the top. Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃since 1992．　2　 It means that heat waves would last around a third longer and rainstorms would be about a third more intense(猛烈的)if we take no action. The increase in sea levels would also be much higher. Countries like Singapore and Tokyo that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future. 　3　 It’s getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious. Since 1992，the human population has grown by 2 billion，while the populations of all other animals have dropped by nearly 30 percent. Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth mass extinction in history. More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn’t taken soon. 　4　. However，we have made some progress. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth. 　5　. A．The change is a big deal. B．Now，scientists have given us a warning. C．But this is not the only problem people are facing. D．We can make a big difference when we act right now，the letter says. E．Scientists also conclude that global warming will continue for centuries. F．Some rare animals，like black rhinos，might just appear in the pictures soon. G．All the countries in the world should take action on behalf of future generations. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章呼吁人们重视地球环境问题，行动起来保护环境，否则物种灭绝、气候变暖等问题将变得更加严峻。 Thanks to Earth，we have fresh air to breathe，clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy. But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realized that our planet is getting “sick”. ___________________ ______________________ More than 15,000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats. B．Now，scientists have given us a warning. 根据前文“But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realized that our planet is getting ‘sick’．”以及后文“More than 15,000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats.”可知，此处强调人类并没有意识到地球在“生病”，并认为一切都是理所应当，同时后文指出研究人员对地球“生病”联名致信，发出警告。设空处应该保持话题统一，对“警告”进行提及。B项“现在，科学家给了我们一个警告。”中的warning与后文的warn形成呼应，符合语境。 Among those environmental challenges，global warming sits at the top. Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃since 1992. _______ __________________ It means that heat waves would last around a third longer and rainstorms would be about a third more intense(猛烈的)if we take no action. The increase in sea levels would also be much higher. Countries like Singapore and Tokyo that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future. A．The change is a big deal. 根据前文“Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃ since 1992．”可知，此处强调的是全球气温发生的变化。A项“这种变化是一件大事。”中的The change与前文的“气温变化”形成呼应，符合语境。 _____________________________________________ It’s getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious. Since 1992，the human population has grown by 2 billion，while the populations of all other animals have dropped by nearly 30 percent. C．But this is not the only problem people are facing. 根据前文“ Countries like Singapore and Tokyo that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future.”以及空后内容“It’s getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious.”可知，此处强调人类不仅面临着家园被海洋覆盖的问题，同时还有海洋污染以及淡水越来越难以获得的问题。C项“但这并不是人们面临的唯一问题。”中的the only problem与前文的“人类家园被海水覆盖的问题”形成呼应，符合语境。 Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth mass extinction in history. More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn’t taken soon. _____________________________________ ________________________________ F．Some rare animals，like black rhinos， might just appear in the pictures soon. 根据前文“More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn’t taken soon.”可知，气候变化对野生动物产生影响，即超过三分之二的野生动物可能会消失。F项“一些稀有动物，如黑犀牛，可能很快就会出现在照片中。”承接前文，说明黑犀牛可能会受到环境影响，即将消失。 However，we have made some progress. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth. ______________________________________________________________ D．We can make a big difference when we act right now，the letter says. 根据前文“However，we have made some progress. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth.”可知，人类在环境保护方面已经取得了一些进展。D项“信中说，如果我们现在就采取行动，我们就能产生巨大的影响。”承接前文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·广州市第六十五中学高一上学期期中) Stewart stepped outside a store and spotted a homeless man sitting against the building with a small dog 1．_________ (seat) in his lap. Stewart，a vet(兽医)，noticed its scratched-off fur — signs of an allergic reaction to fleas(跳蚤). He approached the man and offered to bring flea medication for the dog，a gift the man 2．________ (ready) accepted. When returning one and a half 3．_______ (week) later，Stewart happily found that the dog’s hair was coming back，and the rash(疹子)was gone. Stewart has his own practice in town，yet he still finds time for street pets. He 4．__________ (help) about 400 animals since 2011.There’s a desperate need for his help.About 25% of Modesto’s homeless population own a pet，5．_____ seated readily weeks has helped but there are few health care options available. 6．______(fill) that blank，Stewart can often be found wandering everywhere to seek the homeless. He carries his medical bag，7．_______ contains treatments for the cases he encounters. There are some people 8．___________ (question) whether the homeless should have pets. However，Stewart thinks the homeless，more than anybody，need 9．___ pet.Because the owner is the pet’s home.There 10．___ (be) one more pressing reason for the homeless to have their pets: their animals are their reason for getting up in the morning. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Stewart 帮助流浪动物的故事。 To fill which questioning a is 1．答案：seated 2．答案：readily 考查非谓语动词。with a small dog ________ (seat) in his lap为with复合结构，动词seat(使……就座)和宾语a small dog之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词形式。 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词accepted，故应用副词readily作状语，意为“欣然地”。 3．答案：weeks 4．答案：has helped 5．答案：but 考查名词的单复数。根据空前one and a half可知，本空应用名词复数形式。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since 2011可知，本空应用现在完成时，主语为单数，故填has helped。 考查连词。根据句意可知，本空前后句是转折关系，故填but。 6．答案：To fill 7．答案：which 8．答案：questioning 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空在句中作目的状语，故应用动词不定式形式。故填To fill。 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词his medical bag、指物，本空在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。 考查非谓语动词。在there be句型当中，question与其逻辑主语some people是主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式questioning。 9．答案：a 10．答案：is 考查冠词。空后名词pet为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且pet发音为辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句阐述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且there be 句型中的主语为one more pressing reason，故本空应用is。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$