UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 被动语态 语法串烧 我的发现 　　We have an old musical instrument.It is called① a clavichord（翼琴）.It was made② in Germany in 1681.Our clavichord is kept③ in the living room.It has belonged to our family for a long time.The instrument was bought④ by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damaged⑤ by a visitor.She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken⑥.My father was shocked⑦.Now we are not allowed⑧ to touch it.It is being repaired⑨ by a friend of my father's. 1.①③⑧处使用了一般现在时的被动语态； 2．②④⑤⑥⑦处使用了一般过去时的被动语态； 3．⑨处使用了现在进行时的被动语态。 一、被动语态的时态变化 1．被动语态的各种时态的构成 被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are＋done 一般将来时 will/shall＋do will/shall＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋doing am/is/are＋being＋done 一般过去时 did was/were＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋done have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋done had＋been＋done 将来完成时 will/shall＋have＋done will/shall＋have＋been＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋doing was/were＋being＋done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 每天都由我们打扫教室。（一般现在时的被动语态） The school sports meeting will be held next week. 将在下星期举行校运动会。（一般将来时的被动语态） The road is being repaired by construction workers. 建筑工人正在修路。（现在进行时的被动语态） The letter was typed on the computer. 这封信是用电脑打出来的。（一般过去时的被动语态） So far my thesis has been completed. 到目前为止我的论文已经写好了。（现在完成时的被动语态） The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行闯入了这个屋子。（过去完成时的被动语态） 学生用书第123页 The design will have been done by the end of this week. 这个设计在本周末会被做完。（将来完成时的被动语态） The room was being painted when I left. 我离开时，房间正在被粉刷。（过去进行时的被动语态） 2．被动语态的特殊形式 ①含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted. 必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。 ②“get＋过去分词”式被动语态。 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起到助动词的作用。这种形式常用来强调结果。 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。 Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。 二、主动形式表示被动意义 1．lock，open，shut，move，read，sell，wash，write等动词和well，badly，easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物动词，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door doesn't open easily. 这个门不容易开。 The new product sells well. 这个新产品很畅销。 2．动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，turn，fall，grow，keep，go，stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表示被动意义。 The soup smells good but tastes terrible. 这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。 3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，open，stop，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day. 商店每天上午八点开始营业。 4．need，want，require等动词以及be worth后面，常跟动词­ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义。 My watch doesn't work; it needs repairing. 我的手表坏了，需要修理。 This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典非常值得购买。 5．在“主语＋系动词＋表语＋to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，heavy等。 What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 将来的生活如何，很难预测。 6．be to blame或be to let也是主动形式表示被动意义。 He is to blame for the broken window. 因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。 三、使用被动语态应注意的问题 1．不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out（用完，耗尽）等。 学生用书第124页 My money has run out.Can you lend me some? 我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？ 2．在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须带to。 I often hear her sing English songs. →She is often heard to sing English songs by me. 我经常听见她唱英语歌。 3．带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。 She often looks after the old man. →The old man is often looked after by her. 她经常照顾这位老人。 4．含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。 Her mother bought her a computer. →She was bought a computer by her mother. →A computer was bought for her by her mother. 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。 [巧学活用]——句型转换 1．By the time she woke up, her husband had prepared breakfast. →By the time she woke up, breakfast had been prepared by her husband. 2．The delivery person will deliver the package to your doorstep tomorrow. →The package will be delivered to your doorstep by the delivery person tomorrow. 3．The boys and girls are decorating the classroom. →The classroom is being decorated by the boys and girls. 4．My grandmother baked the cake for my birthday. →The cake was baked by my grandmother for my birthday. 5．We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. →How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn't been decided yet. 课时测评16　Section Ⅲ　Grammar （时间：60分钟　满分：100分） （本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！） [基础语境练] 维度一　单句语法填空（每小题1分，共7分） 1．By the end of last year，10，000 trees had been planted (plant) in that village. 2．English is used (use) all over the world and has become a universal language. 3．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt (rebuild). 4．I have bought two ball pens，but only one of them writes (write) well. 5．He was caught (catch) by the policeman because of a car accident yesterday. 6．I won't come to the party unless Sue is invited (invite)，too. 7．We are confident that the environment will be improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 维度二　语法与写作（每小题2分，共10分） 1．我们学校的花正被工人们浇灌着。 The flowers in our school are being watered by the workers. 2．我的第二个儿子明年九月份就要被送进幼儿园了。 My second son will be sent to a kindergarten next September. 3．这水摸着很冷。 The water feels cold． 4．到上个月末为止，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 5．这辆车太脏了，需要清洗。 The car is too dirty.It needs cleaning． 维度三　语法与语篇（每小题2分，共8分） 阅读下面新情景，用所给动词的正确形式填空 In the past years，a lot of work 1.has been done (do) to improve our school environment.As we know，the library 2.will be completed (complete) next month.In addition，a new teaching building 3.is being built (build) now，which will provide a better place for our study.Besides，new trees 4.are being planted (plant) in the gardens，which will offer shadow in summer.In conclusion，our school will become more and more beautiful and we will study and work happily here. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题5分，共35分） A （2024·辽宁沈阳二中高一上月考） Whether you seek culture，community，or comfort food in America，these amazing festivals prove that small towns from coast to coast know how to throw big celebration. Tulip Time Go：May in Holland，Michigan There's no better place to celebrate Michigan's Dutch Heritage than a town called Holland，where six million tulips are planted in private fields，city parks，and other gardens around town.First introduced in 1929，Tulip Time draws a half million visitors and features eight days of events，including three parades，an arts­and­crafts show，carnival rides，fireworks，and plenty of Dutch food tastings. Texas SandFest Go：April in Port Aransas，Texas Since 1997，this artistic sand festival attracts talented amateurs and master sculptors alike to beautiful beaches of Port Aransas.A three­day event typically held over a weekend in late April，SandFest features parades，live music，entertainment，food，and sand sculpting lessons. Burlington Steamboat Days Go：June in Burlington，Iowa Going strong for over 55 years，the four­day Burlington Steamboat Days draws an impressive lineup of musical headliners and new artists to this small town.Over the years，attendees have been treated to performances by Louie Armstrong，Lady Antebellum，Blake Shelton，and more.In addition to music，there are carnival games and parades，as well as a golf tournament. National Balloon Classic Go：July—August in Indianola，Iowa Every summer since 1976，the small town has put on one of the largest festivals in the Midwest.The weeklong National Balloon Classic features twice­daily flights of more than 100 colorful hot­air balloons，skydiving demonstrations，and balloon rides.There's also live music，food vendors，and a kid's play area. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国小镇举办的四个节日。 1．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Tulip Time. B．Texas SandFest. C．Burlington Steamboat Days. D．National Balloon Classic. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Tulip Time部分中“First introduced in 1929”及Texas SandFest部分中“Since 1997”及Burlington Steamboat Days部分中“Going strong for over 55 years”及National Balloon Classic部分中“Every summer since 1976”可知，Tulip Time的历史最长。故选A。 2．What can people do in Burlington Steamboat Days? A．Take a balloon ride. B．Attend sculpting lessons. C．Learn steamboat's history. D．Enjoy great performances. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据Burlington Steamboat Days部分中“Over the years，attendees have been treated to performances”可知，人们在Burlington Steamboat Days里可以欣赏很棒的表演。故选D项。 3．What do these festivals have in common? A．They kick off with parades. B．They all last for a week long. C.They take place in small towns. D．They are held in the same state. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“these amazing festivals prove that small towns from coast to coast know how to throw big celebration”可知，这些节日的共同之处是它们发生在小城镇。故选C项。 B （2024·天津市和平区高一上期末） For this Spring Festival Eve，Tiffany Chen is trying something untraditional and ordering a meal for her family get­together.She used Eleme，a food delivery service app，and searched “Spring Festival family dinner”． “I actually found quite a few results! It is unbelievable because this is a real thing now，” Chen said. The ease of ordering takeaway food is one of many ways technology is changing how Chinese people celebrate Spring Festival，and this change has been embraced by all generations. In Shenzhen North Railway Station a week before Spring Festival，a father hurried to catch a train.Yan Jianlong is from Changsha，in Hunan Province.This year，instead of local food or other specialties as gifts，he wanted to buy something high­tech for his 10­year­old son.“I heard he likes this kind of present now，” Yan said.Others are in the same condition.Chen Zhiyang，who works at a shop，said robotic toys such as dogs and drones （无人机）were the most popular of all his merchandise（商品）during Spring Festival. Beijing resident Wang Xiaoya said she would visit a friend in Brazil this year，and she could do so without feeling she had neglected（怠慢）her family as she would chat online to her mother and grandparents during the holidays. This technology is not an activity that only belongs to the young—Wang's grandmother has learned how to use smartphones.“It has really made it more convenient for her and she really likes using smartphones，” Wang said. There have been questions on social media about whether technology has changed the atmosphere at Spring Festival and whether it meant people have become lazy. “I think what technology has changed are only formalities（礼节），” Wang said.“It does not matter how you celebrate Spring Festival，whether you are eating in，eating out，or ordering—the most valuable thing is who you celebrate it with.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了科技正在改变中国的春节庆祝方式。 4．What did Tiffany Chen do for this year's Spring Festival Eve？　 A．She ordered a takeout family meal. B．She cooked a special dish for her parents. C．She helped her parents prepare the family dinner. D．She booked a table at her favorite restaurant online. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“For this Spring Festival Eve，Tiffany Chen is trying something untraditional and ordering a meal for her family get­together.”可知，今年的春节前夕Tiffany Chen叫了一份外卖家庭餐。故选A项。 5．What did the goods sold in Chen Zhiyang's shop show? A．Giving gifts is an important tradition during Spring Festival. B．High­tech gifts are getting popular during Spring Festival. C．Local food is wildly accepted during Spring Festival. D．Kids are excited about celebrating Spring Festival. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Chen Zhiyang，who works at a shop，said robotic toys such as dogs and drones （无人机）were the most popular of all his merchandise（商品）during Spring Festival.”可推知，Chen Zhiyang的店里卖的东西表明春节期间，高科技礼物越来越受欢迎。故选B项。 6．What is the attitude of Wang Xiaoya's grandmother to smartphones? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Uninterested. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第三段中“Wang's grandmother has learned how to use smartphones”及“It has really made it more convenient for her and she really likes using smartphones”可推知，Wang Xiaoya的奶奶对智能手机持支持的态度，故选C项。 7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．New technology is making Chinese Spring Festival famous worldwide B．Experience different ways of celebrating Spring Festival in China C．More new technologies are needed in Spring Festival celebrations D．Technology is changing Spring Festival celebrations in China　 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“For this Spring Festival Eve，Tiffany Chen is trying something untraditional and ordering a meal for her family get­together.”，第三段中“The ease of ordering takeaway food is one of many ways technology is changing how Chinese people celebrate Spring Festival，and this change has been embraced by all generations.”，第四段中“This year，instead of local food or other specialties as gifts，he wanted to buy something high­tech for his 10­year­old son.”和倒数第三段中“This technology is not an activity that only belongs to the young—Wang's grandmother has learned how to use smartphones.”可知，本文介绍了科技正在改变中国的春节庆祝方式。D项（科技正在改变中国的春节庆祝方式）为最佳标题。故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2分，共10分） （2024·四川成都八中高一上入学考试） The Beginning of Spring is the first solar term（节气）in the 24 solar terms of China.　1　 The date for the Beginning of Spring usually comes on February 4 or February 5 in the solar calendar. When a year comes to this period，people will easily find that the days are becoming longer and the weather is getting warmer.Temperature，sunshine hours and rainfall are all on the rise.　2　 In China，it's said that an egg can be set upright on the Beginning of Spring.It's believed that someone who can make the egg stand will have good luck in the future.　3　 And good luck is coming to you. 　4　 On that day，villagers and the people in cities usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring.Villagers usually make a clay sculpture of a cow，which people call “spring cow”．Women take their children to go around the cow for three times.It's said that in this way the children can be kept away from diseases. The tradition of eating special snacks on that day is called “yaochun” in Chinese.It means “biting the spring”．People will wrap（包裹）some vegetables with thin pancakes.　5　 A．Try to stand eggs on your own. B．It is known as the beginning of spring. C．So people believe that it can bring them warmth and hope. D．There is a long history of eating them on the Beginning of Spring. E．Chinese farmers celebrate the Beginning of Spring with special events. F．The Beginning of Spring is celebrated in different ways throughout the country. G．The feature of the Beginning of Sping is the revival of everything. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气中的立春以及立春时的一些庆祝活动和饮食习俗。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文“The Beginning of Spring is the first solar term （节气）in the 24 solar terms of China.”以及后文“The date for the Beginning of Spring usually comes on February 4 or February 5 in the solar calendar.”可知，本句应介绍立春这一节气的基本特征，B项（它被称为是春天的开始。）中It指代上文The Beginning of Spring，符合语境。 2．答案：C 解析：根据上文“When a year comes to this period，people will easily find that the days are becoming longer and the weather is getting warmer.Temperature，sunshine hours and rainfall are all on the rise.”可知，立春时期气候的特点是天气变暖，C项（所以人们相信它能带给他们温暖和希望。）与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。 3．答案：A 解析：根据上文“In China，it's said that an egg can be set upright on the Beginning of Spring.It's believed that someone who can make the egg stand will have good luck in the future.”可知，本段主要介绍立春立鸡蛋的习俗，A项（试着自己立鸡蛋。）中stand eggs对应上文中make the egg stand，符合语境。 4．答案：E 解析：根据下文“On that day，villagers and the people in cities usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring...It's said that in this way the children can be kept away from diseases.”可知，本段主要介绍了农民庆祝立春的一些活动，E项（中国农民用特殊的活动来庆祝立春。）符合语境。 5．答案：D 解析：根据上文“The tradition of eating special snacks on that day is called ‘yaochun’ in Chinese.It means ‘biting the spring’．People will wrap （包裹）some vegetables with thin pancakes.”可知，人们会用薄煎饼包一些蔬菜来制作“咬春”，D项（立春吃它们的历史很悠久。）中them对应上文中pancakes，符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空（每小题2分，共30分） （2024·广东惠州市博罗县高一上期中） Last Thursday，Michael and Linda were distributing（分发）meals to 4，000 homeless people for their wedding reception（婚礼招待会）on the border town of Kilis.The 　1　 had decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception，they 　2　 to feed the homeless people from an earthquake­stricken area. The idea came from Michael's father，Ted，who 　3　 for a Turkish relief organization.For the past few years，the organization has handed out 　4　 meals to thousands of people who've suffered from natural disasters.He called Adam，who was 　5　 the organization，and suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day. Then he told his son，who was surprised by the 　6　，but soon agreed.When he told that to Linda，she was really shocked but finally 　7　 because in southeastern Turkey there is a real culture of sharing with people 　8　．They love to share their 　9　，their table and everything they have.And afterwards she was quite 　10　 in it.So，they arrived at the 　11　 on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients（接受者）. On Tuesday evening，the 　12　 married couple were still pleased with their decision to 　13　 a personal celebration for one with a greater good.Michael said.“A small act of 　14　 could make a big difference.　15　，this will give the start for other wedding dinners to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对善良的夫妻用救济灾民的形式庆祝婚礼。 1．A.friends B．people C．couple D．students 答案：C 解析：根据上文“wedding reception（婚礼招待会）”可知，Michael和Linda是一对夫妻(couple)。 2．A.refused B．applied C．pretended D．preferred 答案：D 解析：根据上文“had decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception”和下文“to feed...area”可知，相对于传统的盛宴，他们更喜欢(prefer)给地震灾区无家可归的人提供食物。 3．A.calls B．searches C．volunteers D．works 答案：C 解析：根据下文“For the past few years，the organization has handed out 　　 meals to thousands of people who've suffered from natural disasters.”可知，迈克尔的父亲在Turkish relief 组织做志愿者(volunteer)。 4．A.real B．daily C．big D．personal 答案：B 解析：根据下文“meals to thousands of people who've suffered from natural disasters”可知，在过去的几年里，该组织已经向数千名遭受自然灾害的人分发了日常膳食。daily meals意为“日常饮食”。 5．A.controlling B．cleaning C．changing D．following 答案：A 解析：根据下文“suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day”可知，迈克尔的父亲联系了掌管(control)这个组织的人并提出建议。 6．A.order B．solution C．comment D．suggestion 答案：D 解析：根据上文“suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day”中的suggested可知，儿子对他的建议(suggestion)感到惊讶，但很快就同意了。 7．A.considered B．accepted C．doubted D．failed 答案：B 解析：根据下文“on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients （接受者）”可知，当他把这件事告诉Linda时，她真的很震惊，但最终还是接受(accept)了，因为在土耳其东南部，有一种真正的与有需要的人分享的文化。 8．A.in need B．in common C．in sickness D．in danger 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Last Thursday，Michael and Linda were distributing（分发）meals to 4，000 homeless people for their wedding reception（婚礼招待会）on the border town of Kilis.”可知，这对夫妻是与有需要的(in need)人分享食物。 9．A.money B．experience C．food D．happiness 答案：C 解析：根据上文“handed out 　　 meals”可知，他们喜欢分享食物(food)给那些需要的人。 10．A.amazed B．disappointed C．interested D．annoyed 答案：C 解析：根据下文“So，they arrived at the 　　 on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients （接受者）.”可知，Linda对此很感兴趣(interested)，所以后来亲自去参与。 11．A.accommodation B．hotel C．company D．soup kitchen 答案：D 解析：根据上文可知，这对夫妇决定给地震灾区无家可归的人提供食物，因此他们到达施食处(soup kitchen)给有需要的人分发食物。 12．A.actually B．officially C．newly D．nearly 答案：C 解析：根据上文“their wedding reception （婚礼招待会）”可知，他们是新婚(newly)夫妇。 13．A.hold B．quit C．organize D．remember 答案：B 解析：根据第一段中“instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception”和“feed the homeless people from an earthquake­stricken area”可知，这对夫妇放弃(quit)了他们个人的婚礼庆祝活动。 14．A.kindness B．happiness C．rudeness D．selfishness 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Last Thursday，Michael and Linda were distributing（分发）meals to 4，000 homeless people for their wedding reception （婚礼招待会）on the border town of Kilis.”可知，这对夫妇所做的是善良的行为，一个小小的善意(kindness)会产生很大的影响。 15．A.Thankfully B．Surprisingly C．Finally D．Hopefully 答案：D 解析：根据下文“this will give the start for other wedding dinners to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need”可知，希望(Hopefully)越来越多的婚礼晚宴能够以这种救济灾民的形式来庆祝。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$