Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（人教版2019）

主题语境：人与社会——跨文化沟通、包容 人与自我——健康生活 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用↓第67页 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension Step One：Pre-reading 1．What role does cuisine play in a country's culture? Cuisine often plays a significant role in reflecting a country's culture.It can serve as a form of cultural expression，displaying the unique flavors，ingredients，and cooking techniques that have developed within a specific cultural context. 2．How does the local cuisine reflect the traditions and values of a particular culture? Local cuisine can reflect the traditions and values of a particular culture through its use of specific ingredients，cooking methods，and dining customs.It often has historical and social significance，providing insight into the cultural heritage and identity of a community. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What is the text mainly about? A．Different regions in China do not have the same cuisines. B．Chinese cuisine reflects the cultural values and traditions of the people. C．Chinese food in America is very different from authentic Chinese cuisine. D．A person's personality and character depend on one's food preferences. 答案：B Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1 A．Chinese cuisine in America reflects American's flavors and character. Para.2 B．Culture and cuisine go hand in hand. Para.3 C．What you eat reflects your character and culture. Para.4 D．Cuisines in Shandong Province and its local culture. Para.5 E．My experience in a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing. Para.6 F．Roasted meat in Xinjiang tells about traditional wandering life on horses. Para.7 G．Varied food reflects friendship and kindness in South China and central China. 答案：Para.1 C　Para.2 A　Para.3 E　Para.4 D　Para.5 F　Para.6 G　Para.7 B Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Place Kind of Chinese food People or culture America General Tso's chicken Americans love ①bold，simple flavours and are not afraid to ②try new foods. Beijing Sichuan peppercorns The food was ③wonderful and different，and the people are friendly. Shandong boiled dumplings served with ④vinegar and pancake rolls stuffed with ⑤sliced Chinese green onions Making dumplings has always been ⑥a family affair with everyone. Northern Xinjiang boiled or roasted meat，such as lamb kebab　 These groups traditionally ⑦wandered the open range on horses. South China Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in ⑧bamboo steamers　 The people show ⑩friendship and kindness. Central China the exceptional stewed noodles in ⑨Henan Ⅳ.Read for details 1．What is the main purpose of the author's personal experiences with Chinese food? A．To show the variety of Chinese dishes in different regions. B．To highlight the importance of family in Chinese culture. C．To emphasize the role of food in forming connections and friendships. D．To compare Americanized Chinese food with authentic Chinese cuisine. 2．Based on the article，what can we know about Chinese cuisine in America? A．It accurately represents the authentic flavors of Chinese food. B．It has been modified to suit American tastes. C．It is primarily influenced by Sichuan and Shandong cuisines. D．It is not as popular as American fast food. 3．According to the article，what do the traditional foods of Kazak and Inner Mongolian people represent? A．Their nomadic lifestyle and cooking methods. B．Their preference for bold and spicy flavors. C．Their love for roasted meat and kebabs. D．Their cultural diversity and openness to new foods. 4．What can we conclude about the relationship between culture and cuisine? A．People's food preferences are a reflection of their attitude toward life. B．Chinese cuisine shows the diversity of its people and regions. C．Food is a means of expressing friendship and kindness in Chinese culture. D．Experiencing a culture's cuisine is essential for understanding its people. 答案：1－4　CBAC Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 [尝试翻译]　又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。 [尝试翻译]　食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．[教材佳句]　And，since the dish was also invented recently，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.(人物性格特点描写) [学后仿写]　她不害怕说出自己的想法，并捍卫自己的信仰。 She is not afraid to speak her mind and stands up for what she believes in. 学生用书↓第69页 2．[教材佳句]　With this，we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns. (人物快乐情绪描写) [学后仿写]　我有幸在假期季节与我所爱的人共度美好时光。 I have the pleasure of spending quality time with my loved ones during the holiday season. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．How does the adaptation of Chinese cuisine in America affect the appreciation and understanding of Chinese culture and traditions? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) The adaptation of Chinese cuisine in America may lead to misunderstandings and misrepresentation of Chinese culture and traditions，as Americanized Chinese food may not accurately reflect the authentic flavors and practices of China.This can create a wrong view of Chinese culture for those who are unfamiliar with the country. 2．How can we promote and preserve the authenticity of Chinese cuisine while still adapting it to suit different global tastes? (Creative Thinking创造性思维) One possible solution could be to establish cultural exchange programs，where Chinese chefs can work with international chefs to create mixed dishes that incorporate elements of both Chinese and global flavors. ◎ ①cuisine n．菜肴；风味；烹饪 ②put more simply简单地说，简而言之 ※类似的表达还有to put it simply ③relate...to...涉及，有关 ④refer to指的是；涉及；提及 ⑤certainly(＝surely)副词作状语，修饰后面句子的内容 ⑥in many ways在许多方面 ⑦in point相关的；恰当的 ⑧prior adj.先前的；优先的 prior to在……之前的(to是介词) ⑨consist of由……组成(或构成) ⑩pepper n．甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉 ⑪recipe n．烹饪法；食谱 ⑫on the other hand另一方面 ※on the one hand...on the other(hand)．..一方面……另一方面…… ⑬bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 ⑭be afraid to do sth害怕做某事 ⑮have a chance to do sth有机会做某事(动词不定式作定语) ⑯recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推荐……(本文句子用了被动语态) ⑰chef n．厨师；主厨 ⑱fill...with...用……装满…… ⑲peppercorn n．胡椒粒 ⑳vinegar n．醋 ㉑observe v．看到；注意到；观察到 ㉒traditional adj.传统的；习俗的 ㉓make dumplings包饺子 ㉔stuff vt.填满；把……塞进 n．东西；物品 ※stuff...with...用……填满…… ㉕slice n．(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片 slice...off切下 ㉖onion n．洋葱；葱头 ㉗as a result结果(副词短语) ※as a result of……的结果(介词短语) ㉘over/on an open fire在篝火上 ㉙such as例如 ㉚ lamb kebab烤羊肉串 lamb n．羊羔肉；羔羊 ㉛on在此与动词连用表示“继续” ㉜elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的 ㉝dim sum n．点心(中国食品) ㉞serving n．一份食物 ㉟exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的 ㊱varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的 ㊲minimum n．最小值；最少量 adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 ※at a minimum至少 ㊳consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗 ※consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户 ㊴tend to (do)倾向于，易于 ㊵temper n．脾气；火气 ※a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子/火性子 ※lose one's temper发脾气 ㊶go hand in hand息息相关 ◎ CULTURE AND CUISINE① The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me what you eat，and I will tell you what you are. [1]”Put more simply②，this means“You are what you eat. [2]”Most people today relate this saying to③ healthy eating.However，Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to④our personality，character，and culture. [1]画线部分是“祈使句＋and＋简单句(常用一般将来时)”结构，and表示“顺承的结果”。 [2]You are what you eat.意为“人如其食”。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作eat的宾语。 Certainly⑤，in many ways⑥ this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point⑦.Prior⑧ to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes[3]．For example，America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken，which consists of⑨ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers⑩[4]．This is probably not an authentic 学生用书↓第70页 Chinese recipe⑪，however，so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese.On the other hand⑫，it does tell us a lot about Americans.It tells us，for example，that Americans love bold⑬，simple flavours.And，since the dish was also invented recently[5]，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try⑭ new foods. [3]with...suit American tastes作状语。that...suit American tastes是定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese food，定语从句用了过去完成时的被动语态，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的被动动作。 [4]画线部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词General Tso's chicken。其中，动词-ed形式fried“油炸的”作定语修饰名词chicken，另外动词-ed形式短语covered in...和flavoured with...均作定语，也修饰名词chicken。 [5]画线部分是since引导的原因状语从句，since表示“因为，由于”。 Later，I had a chance to experience⑮ authentic Chinese food by coming to China.When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us⑯ by a friend，and finally，we found it.Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef⑰ just began filling our table with⑱ the best food we had ever eaten.With this，we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns⑲.The food was wonderful and different，but what was even more important was the friendship offered us[6]． [6]what was even more important是主语从句，what在从句中作主语。分词短语offered us作定语，修饰名词the friendship。 We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar⑳[7]．I observed㉑ that family is important to the people there.It has become a favourite traditional㉒ dish of the people in North China，where making dumplings㉓ has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help[8]．Later，I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed㉔ with sliced㉕ Chinese green onions㉖[9]． 学生用书↓第71页 [7]动词-ed形式boiled和动词-ed形式短语served with vinegar都作定语，修饰名词dumplings。 [8]画线部分为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，破折号中间的内容起解释说明的作用，with everyone...joining in to help为with复合结构作状语。 [9]stuffed...onions为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰句子的表语pancake rolls，其中动词-ed形式sliced作前置定语和Chinese green并列修饰名词onions。 Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian.These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.As a result㉗，their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire㉘[10]—usually boiled or roasted meat[11]，such as㉙ lamb kebab㉚. [10]画线部分为what引导的表语从句。 [11]动词-ed形式boiled，roasted作定语，修饰名词meat。 Our travels then took us to South China，and then on㉛ to central China.In each place we went[12]，we experienced wonderful local dishes，from Guangdong's elegant㉜ dim sum㉝—small servings㉞ of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional㉟ stewed noodles in Henan.Everywhere，the food was as varied㊱ as the people.However，one thing is always true：Through food，Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. [12]we went是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰each place。 At a minimum㊲，the kinds of food local people consume㊳ tell us what they grow in their region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like.Could we also say，for example，that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves？Or，that those who like spicy food tend to㊴ have a hot temper㊵？Maybe.Maybe not.What we can say，however，is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand㊶，and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other. ◎ 文化与美食 法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。 学生用书↓第72页 当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜肴就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。 后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。 不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物；包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。 随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如烤羊肉串。 接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。 当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？亦或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火爆？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。 课时测评9　Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension (时间：30分钟　满分：50分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2024·山东烟台高二期中) Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”， or give you advice about why it's vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important? The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast”—the idea of ending the period in which we don't eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense. There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to connect the state of being overweight with not eating breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a healthy breakfast to not only control but also lose weight. In a US study, 50，000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI (体重指数)，which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight. But it might not be as simple as that. Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, suggests those who do not have breakfast might be less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle overall exercising and not smoking, for example. And he also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits of not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure. So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，早餐对于健康有一定的益处，但更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。 1．Why does the author list the questions in the first paragraph? A．To give a warning. B．To offer some advice. C．To introduce the topic. D．To prove a certain fact. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段列举的问题及关键句“It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important？”可知，作者在第一段列举问题，是为了引出下文的话题，即早餐是否那么重要。故选C项。 2．What does the underlined word“replenish” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Set aside.　　　　　　 B．Manage without. C．Make up for. D．Run out of. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves.”及画线词后的“those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium”可知，replenish 与 make up for 意思相近，表示“补充；弥补”，即早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故选C项。 3．What conclusion can we draw from Johnstone's research? A．Skipping breakfast may do good to our health. B．Those who eat breakfast can keep a lower BMI. C．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. D．Intermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“there may also be some benefits of not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure”可知，根据约翰斯通的研究，不吃早餐也有一些好处。故选A项。 B (2024·河北省沧州市高二上期中) Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States.Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants，while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically (垂直地) farmed produce.Meanwhile，two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey's AeroFarms and Kentucky's AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization.And a five-year-old company in Detroit，Planted Detroit，shut its doors this summer. The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo，a grower with Eden Green Technology，an indoor farming company.“The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to，” he said. Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors，which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”．There are different methods.One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling，often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water.Other growers are trying very large greenhouses，indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process. Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers，saving on transport.Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights.And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible.Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending，a private investment company centered on agriculture，is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases.Given the high cost of indoor operations，Covington said，“It's just hard to be very profitable.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。 4．What is Jacob Portillo's attitude to the indoor food growing industry? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 答案：A 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段内容可推断，Jacob Portillo对室内食物种植业持“肯定”的态度。故选A。 5．What can we learn about indoor farming? A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants. B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil. C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather. D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change.”可知，室内农业保护作物免受日益极端的天气影响。故选C。 6．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations? A．They produce little food. B．They carry great cost. C．They need sunlight. D．They lack investors. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Given the high cost of indoor operations，Covington said，‘It's just hard to be very profitable.’”可知，Covington质疑室内农业的运营是因为其成本太高。故选B。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors? B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil? C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。故D选项“室内食品种植面临不确定的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。 C Why bother cooking? You don't have time，of course (or you think you don't)；that's the big reason.But you also don't do it as well as the professionals，so just let them handle it for you.Or at least let them give you a head start in the form of meal-assembly shops(食品组装店) and canned，frozen and pre-chopped ingredients.Michael Pollan thinks you should bother.His latest book，Cooked，is a powerful argument for a return to home cooking. Scores of food writers and editors，myself included，have long mourned for the increase of companies on the public's diet.We have seen the slow retreat(撤退) from the kitchen as primary contributor to America's obesity and other health and environmental problems.But perhaps only Pollan can so effectively pick up the clues of so many food movements，philosophies and research papers and turn them into a persuasive narrative with a clear message.He writes，“The best way to recover the reality of food，to return it to its proper place in our lives is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made.” Don't challenge him.Because of the power of his writing，Cooked may prove to be just as influential as Pollan's other book，The Omnivore's Dilemma，possibly the single most-quoted text by those caring about how our eating choices affect the planet. As in The Omnivore's Dilemma，Pollan knows that his reliability depends on a willingness to practice what he urges，so in Cooked he takes just as much of a hands-on(来自实践的) approach as he suggests his readers do.He divides the book into four sections：in this case，the classical elements of fire，water，air and earth.Each represents a type of cooking—barbecue，braising(炖)，bread baking and fermentation(发酵)—and，as the book's subtitle promises，explores cooking as no less than a transformation of nature into food and drink. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过一本书Cooked来告诉人们应该回归到亲自做饭的过程中，而不是去购买做好的或者加工好的食品。 8．Which of the following is Pollan's advice? A．Turning to professionals for help. B．Learning the processes of cooking. C．Carrying out many food movements. D．Understanding philosophies about food. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句(“让食物回归现实，让它回到我们生活中合适的位置，最好的方法是尝试掌握食物传统制作的物理过程。”)可知，波伦建议大家学习烹饪，故选B。 9．What can we infer according to Cooked? A．This book is about the dilemma of home cooking. B．The author advocates a practice-oriented approach. C．The author aims to express concern over the planet. D．This book shows the author's reliability on willingness. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“so in Cooked he takes just as much of a hands-on(来自实践的)approach as he suggests his readers do”可知，这本书的作者提倡以实践为导向的方法，故选B。 10．Which section is likely to mention “fermentation” (in Para.4) in Cooked? A．Air.　　 B．Fire. C．Earth.　 D．Water. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句(他把这本书分为四个部分：火、水、气和土这四个经典元素。每个代表一种烹饪方式：烤、炖、烘焙和发酵)可知，fermentation对应的是“earth”部分，故选C。 11．Where is the text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A recipe book. C．A health guidebook. D．A scientific journal. 答案：A 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一本新书——《烹饪》，故而可以判断本文最有可能源自一篇书评，故选A。 D (2024·北京市第十一中学高二上期中) When served cauliflower or broccoli，some kids turn away in annoyance.Don't blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶) in saliva (唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. These enzymes，called cysteine lyases，are produced by bacteria in the mouth. The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower.When we chew broccoli，these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work. These enzymes break down a compound (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables，and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules (分子)．Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person's saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down.This，in turn，influences how these vegetables taste to adults. And the team's new study proved their assumption.While both adults' and kids' saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower，these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable.On the other hand，kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most. The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8.After taking samples of each participant's saliva，the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder.They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant's saliva generated a different quantity of smells. Interestingly，the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents' saliva and their children's.This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths，which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases. Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth，which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor.The same preference pattern is not seen in adults，who also produce plenty of bad smells.This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables.The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time：we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们之所以在吃到西兰花的时候觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。 12．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．The function of mouth bacteria. B．The cause of an unpleasant flavor. C．The feature of Brassica vegetables. D．The form of enzymes in our mouth. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第一、二段可知，这两段主要解释了为什么吃西兰花的时候会觉得难吃，也就是解释了难闻的味道的起因。故选B。 13．What do previous studies indicate? A．SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes. B．Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables. C．Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules. D．Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“These enzymes break down a compound(化合物) called...This，in turn，influences how these vegetables taste to adults.”可知，这些酶决定了西兰花的味道。故选B。 14．What can we conclude from the passage? A．We might accept some foods through repeated exposure. B．The level of smells may affect an adult's taste preference. C．Parents' and their kids' saliva-borne enzymes don't match. D．Kids' saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time：we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.”可知，通过不断地接触，我们可以接受某种不太喜欢的食物。故选A。 15．Why does the author write the passage? A．To explain a food preference. B．To introduce a research method. C．To illustrate a biological process. D．To show the discovery of an enzyme. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，作者写这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·北京市八一学校高二上期中) Healthy See，Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach，and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy.But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices. 1 The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food.Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks. 2 A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves，for example.In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods. 3 It has been working with more than 1，000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods.“We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption，” says Tamar Adjoian，a research scientist at the department，“Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.” Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas，so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. 4 Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks. Of the more than 2，100 shoppers they observed，just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area.Among those who did，however，customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines. 5 The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. The potential influence may seem small，but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers' eyes to nutritious，lower-calorie foods.Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City. A．These foods give people more energy. B．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. C．And it may make or break some healthy eating habits. D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious，lower-calorie foods. E．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. F．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter. G．And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。 1．答案：C 解析：空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题(Healthy See，Healthy Do看到健康的，买的就是健康的)呼应。故选C。 2．答案：G 解析：空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G(一些研究表明，简单地更换更健康的食物就能改变顾客的行为)与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。 3．答案：E 解析：由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。 4．答案：F 解析：空格前句意为：Adjoian和她的同事想知道这些发现是否适用于他们城市拥挤的收银台区域，所以他们选择了布朗克斯的三家超市作为自己的研究对象。空格后句意为：他们连续二周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。根据上下文可知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F(他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果)与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。 5．答案：B 解析：空格前句意为：然而，在那些购买的人中，健康人群购买营养食品的频率是标准人群的两倍多。选项B(他们买不健康食品的频率也降低了40%。)与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“The findings”呼应。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$