Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Learning about language—Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word

Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures 复习名词性从句 语法串烧 我的发现 　　John and Mike were once close friends.But 1.what makes us surprised is that they broke up two months ago.Few of us know 2.how all this has happened to them.It is said 3.that they had an argument about a joint programme before they broke up.We think the reason why they separated is that they have misunderstood each other.We are thinking of 4.what we can do to help them.In fact，they have both asked us for advice.We hope they will get well again.But it mainly depends on 5.whether they will have a good communication according to our advice. 1.what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。 2.how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语。 3.that引导主语从句，不作成分，没有意义。 4.what引导介词后的宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。 5.whether引导介词后的宾语从句，意为“是否”。 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 类别 词义 在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义，仅仅起到连接作用 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 if和whether 意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性 技巧：名词性从句中表示“是否”放心用whether，尽可能不用if 起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 关系代词： who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever (1)what，who，which，whose，whom等同于在疑问句中的意义 (2)what以及-ever词非疑问意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等 关系副词： when，where，why，how，however，whenever，wherever (1)when，where，why，how等同于在疑问句中的意义 (2)when，where，how以及-ever词非疑问意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语 学生用书↓第46页 二、宾语从句 1．常见及物动词后接宾语从句的易混用法 (1)doubt＋宾语从句 doubt用于肯定句时，后接whether/if引导的宾语从句；doubt用于否定句时，后跟that引导的宾语从句。 I don't doubt that the plan is practical，but I doubt whether/if he can stick with the plan until it's finished. 我不怀疑这个计划的可行性，但是我怀疑他是否能坚持执行下去，直到计划完成。 (2)表示“建议、要求、命令等”的动词＋that从句 从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。常见的这类词有：suggest/advise(建议)，demand(强烈要求)，order(要求，命令)，insist(坚决要求)，request(要求)等。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后擦黑板。 The boss ordered that the task (should)be completed by noon. 老板要求(我们)中午之前完成任务。 (3)形式宾语it＋宾语从句 ①跟复合宾语的及物动词，可接形式宾语和宾语从句：find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等＋it＋宾语补足语＋that从句 I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。 ②部分及物动词可以直接跟形式宾语＋宾语从句：hate/like/appreciate等＋it＋宾语从句 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们嘴里满含食物时说话。 2．介词后接宾语从句的用法 (1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句，不能跟that从句。 He'll talk to us about what happened in the classroom. 他将给我们讲述教室里发生的事情。 (2)有些“不及物动词＋介词”的固定词组，可以用于“形式宾语＋宾语从句”结构。 Please be so kind as to see to it that all the alterations are made at once! 请注意所有变更必须马上完成！ You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。 (3)部分固定的介词词组用于that宾语从句，如in that(因为)，except that(除了)等。 I like this pen in that it has a good feel in my hand. 我喜欢这只钢笔，因为它在我手中的感觉很好。 I know nothing about him except that he lives here.除了知道他住在这儿之外，我对他一无所知。 3．形容词后接宾语从句的用法 表示情感或态度的形容词后可接宾语从句。常见的这类词有：afraid，certain，glad，pleased，sure，surprised，sorry，happy等。 I'm very glad/pleased that all of your family will come. 我很高兴你们全家都会来。 Are you sure that we'll have a picnic this weekend? 你确定我们本周末举行野餐吗？ 4．宾语从句引导词that不可省略的情况 that引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，但在如下情况下不可以省略。 学生用书↓第47页 特殊情况 例句 当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时不可省略。 They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。 当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好转的。 当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时不可省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。 当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或that与从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略。 He announced，believe it or not，that he would never forgive her. 信不信由你，他郑重地说他永远不会原谅她。 巧学活用1——单句语法填空 1．Now decorating our room reminds ourselves of what it means to be a neighbor. 2．I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money. 3．He doubted whether/if he would learn anything new from Marie. 三、主语从句 1．that主语从句常用it作形式主语的句型 (1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable等)＋that从句。 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她会考得很好。 (2)It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)＋that从句。 It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队已经赢了那场比赛，这并不令人惊奇。 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged 等)＋that从句。 It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到北京了。 2．从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题 (1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Who he is doesn't concern me. 他是谁与我无关。 That you will have an answer is certain. 你能得到答复，这是肯定的。 (2)what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。 What she said is wrong. 她所说的是错误的。 What we need are books. 我们所需要的是书籍。 巧学活用2——单句语法填空 1．It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 2．It was a pity that you should be so careless. 3．What we want from the management is(be) fighting talk. 四、 表语从句 1．表语从句的专属连接词 (1)as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词之后。 She looks as if she has been working hard for a long time. 她看起来好像已经努力工作了很长时间。 (2)because引导的表语从句常用于“This/That/It is＋because从句”句式中。 I was late for the appointment.That was because I met with an old friend on the way. 我约会迟到了，那是因为我在路上碰到了一位老朋友。 学生用书↓第48页 2．表语从句的三个易混句式 句式 用法 例句 This/That is why＋结果． 意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。 That's why I want you to work there. 那就是我想要你在那儿工作的原因。 This/That/It is because＋原因． 意为“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 The reason why... is that... 意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句(修饰先行词reason)，that引导表语从句。 The reason why he didn't come is that it was raining heavily. 他没有来的原因是(当时)雨下得很大。 巧学活用3——单句语法填空 1．The reason why he was late for class is that he didn't catch the early bus. 2．He felt as if/though someone had stuck a sharp stick into his side. 3．Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient. 五、同位语从句 1．同位语从句前名词的特殊性 同位语从句前的名词通常需要能包含内容的名词，同位语从句对这些名词作进一步的解释或说明。如fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question 等。 She has to face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 她必须正视自己不再年轻这一事实。 The question whether he will join us is very important. 他是否会加入我们这个问题很重要。 2．分割式同位语从句 有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句内容较长，为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提前，分隔开同位语从句和其解释的名词。 My wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents. 我要给父母买一套大房子的愿望总有一天会实现。 Word came that our school had won first prize in the final. 消息传来说，我们学校已经在决赛中获得了一等奖。 3．同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)根据从句前名词不同类型来区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等包含内容的名词，而定语从句的先行词几乎可以是所有名词、部分代词，以及主句的一部分或是整个主句。如： The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了，这让我们很高兴。(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句) 学生用书↓第49页 His mother did all (that) she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句) (2)根据从句作用和性质来区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴，如： The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语) I made a promise that if you finished this work on time，I would give you a reward. 我许诺如果你按时完成这项工作，我会奖励你。(同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，引导词that指代promise，在从句中作pleased的主语) (3)根据引导词的不同意义和作用来区别 ①有些引导词如how，whether，what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句，如： That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句) ②that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略) The order (that) we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略) 巧学活用4——单句语法填空 1．The news spread quickly that Michael Schumacher came to life. 2．There is a feeling in me that we'll meet again. 3．I gave the girl a big doll，exactly what she longed to have. 学生用书↓第50页 维度一　用适当的名词性从句连接词填空 1．I don't like the idea that money is everything. 2．You'd better give the task to whoever you think can finish it ahead of time. 3．I have neither a computer nor a newspaper.That's why I don't know the latest news. 4．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 5．I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. 6．We're worried about whether he is safe or not. 7．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 8．He is very humorous while his brother is very serious.That's where their difference lies. 维度二　语法与写作 1．我难过的原因是他不理解我。(that引导表语从句) The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me． 2．我们认为每一位市民遵守交通规则是很重要的。(that引导宾语从句) We think it important that every citizen should obey the traffic rules． 3．这个电影是否会上映还不知道。(it作形式主语) It is still unknown if/whether the film will be released． 4．我不知道她为什么辞掉了目前的工作。(同位语从句) I have no idea why she quit her present job． 5．你的饮食能够反应你所在地方的文化习俗和传统。(what引导主语从句) What you eat can reflect the cultural customs and traditions of the place you are in. 维度三　语法与语篇 用适当的连接词完成下面的短文 Experiences are acquired through our journey in life；we choose 1.what we believe and 2.how we look at the things and people around us based on all our experiences in life.Despite the fact 3.that most things in life are the way they are，we all have different opinions about everything and everybody.Other people have opinions about us as well. But 4.what really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves.You can choose to accept and follow what other people believe, but you can also decide 5.whether/if you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life. By living life as it is and being yourself，you create an image about 6.what you value most and 7.who/whom you admire most. You should remember 8.how important it is to be yourself.The image that you create about yourself determines 9.who you are and how you feel；it determines how successful you become in life and reminds you 10.where you are standing in life. 课时测评7　Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures (时间：45分钟　满分：51分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础语境练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．After a dry summer，California is heading into what is the most dangerous time for wildfires when fall comes. 2．It is expected that over 1，000 athletes will take part in the great sports meeting. 3．I'm not sure who/which is more frightened，me or the animal that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 4．She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted. 5．Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 6．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to charge. Ⅱ.补全句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing where she was heading(她将去哪里)． 2．The manager put forward a suggestion that we (should) have an assistant (我们应该有一个助理)．There is too much work to do. 3．What we need most (我们最需要的) are popular science books. 4．All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she can (她能做的任何事) to let me have the best. 5．It is really amazing that/What is really amazing is that (真令人惊奇的是)the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·江苏盐城一中高二上调研) In today's world of fast-paced games and short videos，people are spending less and less time on things.For example，research has shown that the average visitor spends just 15 seconds on a website before moving on to other things.But the Internet is a huge and busy place，with millions of sites to choose from.You might expect people to slow down a bit more when they're in museums full of great works of art.But you'd be wrong. Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds.Many people may spend more time，but not much more—the average is about 28 seconds.At the Tate Modern Museum in London，it's even worse.People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork.And in that short period of time，the visitors are also managing to do another important thing—take selfies! In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior．Today，over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”．They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5－10 minutes looking at just one work of art.Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art，they admire it more.Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist's ideas and what the artist went through to create the work. Most of the museums taking part in Slow Art Day are choosing just a few works for their visitors to see.Some of the museums are offering chances for visitors to talk about the artworks and share their ideas. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今人们花在欣赏一件艺术品上的时间很短，所以博物馆正在努力改变这种行为。全世界170多家博物馆正在庆祝“慢艺术日”，他们要求参观者至少花5－10分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品。 1．Generally speaking，people spend on each piece of art in a museum. A．8 seconds B．10 seconds C．15 seconds D．28 seconds 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many people may spend more time，but not much more—the average is about 28 seconds.”可知，一般来说，人们花28秒钟来欣赏博物馆里的每一件艺术品，故选D。 2．What do the underlined words “this behavior” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Admiring each artwork thoroughly. B．Taking selfies in museums busily. C．Celebrating “Slow Art Day” widely.　　 D．Looking at each artwork hurriedly. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“Several studies have shown that...the visitors are also managing to do another important thing—take selfies！”可推知，“this behavior”指的是匆匆地看每一件艺术品，故选D。 3．Why is “Slow Art Day” created? A．To attract more people to visit the museums. B．To stop visitors from taking selfies inside. C．To make people spend more time on each artwork. D．To give visitors an opportunity to relax themselves. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Today，over 170 museums around...looking at just one work of art.”再结合第二段提到的人们现在平均花费28秒欣赏艺术作品可知，设立“慢艺术日”是为了让人们花更多的时间在每一件艺术品上，故选C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Museums on the Rocks：Please Advise! B．Museums：Slow down to Admire more! C．Slow Art Day：a Fruit of Museums! D．Museums：An Escape from the Fast-paced Life! 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中“Several studies have shown...the average is about 28 seconds.”和第三段中“In recent years museums...looking at just one work of art.”可知，B项“博物馆：慢下来欣赏更多！”适合作文章标题，故选B。 B (2024·青岛市即墨区一中高二下阶段测试) If you visit the new Mummies(木乃伊) show at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH)，in New York City，don't miss the Gilded Lady.Scientists say she probably died of lung disease when she was in her 40s—about 2，000 years ago—in Egypt.They even have a model of her skull(头骨)．Based on that，an artist was sure how she may have looked when she was alive.And yet，the mummy's coffin has never been opened.Instead，scientists used a machine called a CT scanner(扫描仪) to look inside. CT scanners were developed to help doctors examine patients.But the machines turned out to be perfect for studying mummies，too. A hundred years ago，scientists would usually open mummies' coffins.“This did a great deal of harm to those mummies，” say AMNH president Ellen V．Futter.“We just don't do that anymore.We can do so much better.By using CT scanners，scientists can know about an ancient person's diet from some of a mummy's hair.Pieces of bone can show who was related to whom.” Some mummies in Peru were buried with a skull hanging from their neck.Scientists thought these mummies wore the skull of an enemy.But DNA evidence showed that the mummies were buried with the skull of an ancestor(祖先)． The 19 mummies in the show are from Egypt and Peru.They had completely different reasons for mummifying the dead.The ancient Egyptians believed that mummification allowed an ancestor to live on in the next world.The people who prepared the Gilded Lady thought she would continue to see，hear，and smell.In ancient Peru，people practiced mummification to stay connected with their ancestors.Some families kept mummies in their home. Futter calls the mummies in the show “messengers from another time”．With the help of technology，scientists will continue to uncover mummies' secrets so we can understand it． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约美国自然历史博物馆展出的来自埃及和秘鲁的木乃伊，指出现代科技在帮助科学家探索木乃伊的秘密上发挥的重要作用。 5．What did scientists find about the Gilded Lady? A．She was a great artist. B．She died a natural death. C．She lived in ancient Egypt. D．She had an amazingly long life. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists say she probably died of lung disease when she was in her 40s—about 2，000 years ago—in Egypt.”可知，科学家通过研究木乃伊——镀金女士推断出她生活在两千年前的古埃及，故选C。 6．What do Futter's words suggest? A．Pieces of bone show a person's diet. B．CT scanners do great harm to mummies. C．Mummies usually wore the skull of an enemy. D．Technology plays an important role in mummy studies. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“By using CT scanners...show who was related to whom.”可知，美国自然历史博物馆馆长Ellen V．Futter指出科技在研究木乃伊中起到重要作用，故选D。 7．Why did the ancient Peruvians make mummies? A．To do traditional medical research. B．To keep close ties with their relatives. C．To help their families live a better life. D．To let their ancestors live in another world. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In ancient Peru，people practiced mummification to stay connected with their ancestors.”可知，古代秘鲁人制作木乃伊是为了和自己的亲人保持联系，故选B。 8．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The technology. B．Their message. C．Their family. D．The show. 答案：B 解析：代词指代题。根据最后一段可知，Futter称展览中木乃伊是另一个时代的信使，在科技的帮助下，科学家会继续揭示木乃伊的秘密以便更好地理解它们传递的信息，故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·安徽安庆一中高二上阶段考试) Since its creation in the 12th century，Qianli Jiangshan Tu，or A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains，has been held up as 1. masterpiece of traditional Chinese painting. But perhaps just as 2. (amaze) as the work itself is the fact that it 3. (create) by a teenager.A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains is the only existing work from Wang Ximeng，a talented painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang entered the Imperial Painting Academy when he was in his early 4. (teen)．Emperor Huizong is said 5. (discover) the boy's special talent with a brush and taken charge of his education 6. (personal) as a painter. 7. (measure) about 12 meters long and 0.5 meters high，A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains displays running rivers 8. (cover) with fog with the background of rolling mountains in the distance.In the painting，there are not only fishing villages，pavilions (亭子) and grass houses，9. persons such as fishermen 10. drift (漂流) on the river，and sellers and buyers in a crowded market.Wang Ximeng demonstrated Chinese people's love for life，their homes and the country. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统绘画的代表作——《千里江山图》。 1．答案：a　 解析：考查冠词。空处修饰可数名词单数masterpiece，表泛指，所以用不定冠词，且masterpiece发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 2．答案：amazing　 解析：考查词性转换。作表语，修饰the work，用形容词形式。 amaze的形容词形式有两个：amazing，意为“令人惊奇的”，修饰物；amazed，意为“感到惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。 3．答案：was created　 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，这个作品是12世纪的一个小男孩创作的，所以本句时态为一般过去时；主语为it，和动词create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为单数。故填was created。 4．答案：teens　 解析：考查名词的单复数。in one's teens 意为“在某人十几岁时”，为固定搭配。故填teens。 5．答案：to have discovered　 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作主语补足语，构成句型：sb be said to...；根据下文的taken可知，用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have discovered。 6．答案：personally　 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词用副词形式。故填personally。 7．答案：Measuring　 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语，和主句主语A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains之间为主动关系，用动词-ing形式；句首首字母大写。故填Measuring。 8．答案：covered　 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，和被修饰词rivers之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填covered。 9．答案：but　 解析：考查固定搭配。not only...but(also)．..意为“不但……而且……”，为固定搭配。故填but。 10．答案：who/that　 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为fishermen，指人，空处在定语从句中作主语。故填who/that。 学生用书↓第51页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$