Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Learning about language—Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word

Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures 表语从句 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The Three Laws of Robotics put forward by Isaac Asimov are what we should obey when producing robots in our real life.These rules are also what a film relating to robots tries to display to the audience.In the movie，people's original thought was that robots could live in harmony with human beings.That was because since robots were widely used in various areas，no unpleasant things had happened.That was what man expected.However，with the advancement of technology，the fact was that some robots developed human emotions.It looked as if the robots would take control of human beings.That was what people worried about. 1.what引导表语从句，在从句中常作主语或者宾语。 2.that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，没有意义。 3.其他可以引导表语从句的连接词是because，as if等。 学生用书↓第14页 一、表语从句连接词的用法 连接词 意义 例句 1.that/whether 注意：if不能引导表语从句。 在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 2.连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever　 (1)who，whom，whose，what，which意义等同于疑问词的意义 (2)what还可表示“……的事物、情况”等非疑问词意义 (3)-ever词无疑问意义 The result of the match is whatever the coach decides. 比赛的结果由教练决定。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能让谁去替代她。 Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。 3.连接副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however (1)when，where，why，how意义既有等同于疑问词的意义，也有非疑问意义，如when表示“……的时候”，where表示“……的地方” (2)-ever词无疑问意义 That was where we camped last time. 那就是我们上次野营的地方。 This is why Sara was late for class. 这就是萨拉上课迟到的原因。 The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 4.其他连接词 because，as if，as though，as，like (1)这类连接词意义固定 (2)as if＝as though好像 (3)like像，就像 He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late. 他没吃早饭，那是因为他起晚了。 巧学活用1——用适当的连接词填空 1．One reason for her preference for the city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 2．What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will defeat the serious illness. 3．You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights，and this is where I disagree. 4．As is well known to all，the Spring Festival is when the family are reunited and celebrate the New Year. 二、注意事项 1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气。 学生用书↓第15页 2．reason作主语时的表语从句 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机太粗心、喝酒太多。 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略，但不可换成would。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 4．其他系动词＋表语从句 除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词有：seem，look，appear，sound，taste，feel，remain等。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨了。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States. 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 巧学活用2——完成句子 1．现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。 Now it seems as though/if she had known Millie for years. 2．我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 3．那就是我在那个城市见她的原因。 That's why I went to meet her in that city． 维度一　选用适当的连接词填空 whether，what，that，why，who，as if，whatever，because，when，how 1．You must do whatever/what is best for you. 2．The trouble is that I lost the key to my room. 3．Do you remember when/how/why he came here? 4．I'm a bit sleepy.That's because I was up all night. 5．I'm wondering why you are always late for class. 6．I am not sure whether he is willing to help me. 7．We think that it's necessary to talk with him again. 8．All this was over twenty years ago，but it is as if it were only yesterday. 维度二　语法与写作 1．那就是我认为沿长江旅行会是一个更好的选择的原因。(why引导表语从句) That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice. 学生用书↓第16页 2．麻烦的是我把他的地址弄丢了。(that引导表语从句) The trouble is that I have lost his address． 3．尽可能多地练习才是秘密所在。(where引导表语从句) To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies． 4．问题是谁为这起交通事故负责。(who引导表语从句) The problem is who is responsible for the traffic accident. 5．听起来好像有人在敲门。(as if/though引导表语从句) It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door． 维度三　语法与语篇 　　I like reading very much.My classmates' question is 1.when I began to love reading.Actually，I loved reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I mean is 2.that I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read.3.That I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.My love of reading was also credited(归功) to the fact 4.that my parents only let me watch TV for an hour a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.It's not really surprising 5.that reading is my hobby. 　　Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends.Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps(黑猩猩) instead of going to university.6.Whether there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzled me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall，her research showed me the answer.She argued 7.that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment.After finishing her story，I still have some doubts 8.how she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. 课时测评3　Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures (时间：45分钟　满分：53分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础语境练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 2．The reason why he didn't come is that it was raining heavily. 3．By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived. 4．He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something. 5．I was late for the appointment.That was because I picked up my sister at the station. 6．This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 7．He won first prize in the English writing competition.This is why the teacher praised him. 8．The old building，behind which was a famous university，was where I used to work. Ⅱ.补全句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．He didn't come yesterday.That is because he was ill (因为他生病了)． 2．He has become what he wanted to be (他想成为的样子) ten years ago. 3．My question is whether she is going to/will take part in the speech contest on time(她是否会准时参加演讲比赛)． 4．That is why many students choose to read electronic books (许多学生之所以选择阅读电子书的原因)in our school. 5．My advice is that you should work hard from now on (你应该从现在开始努力学习)if you want to go to your ideal university. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·山东师大附中高二月考) 　　How intelligent can a computer be? Maybe you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called SmarterChild and the Internet. 　　If you run into SmarterChild online，you will be surprised at this kid's huge memory and thinking.He can recite many facts.For example，SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season. 　　He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city area across the US.However，if you ask SmarterChild other questions，you will get strange answers.A question about SmarterChild's age is returned，“One year，11 days，16 hours，7 minutes，and 47 seconds！” Asked where he lives，he said，“In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.” 　　SmarterChild uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank.To answer questions about spelling，for instance，SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online.For the weather，he visits www.intellicast.com. 　　Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet，an artificial being with the combined knowledge of，say，Albert Einstein，Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born.However，there are still faults of him.If SmarterChild wants to think and learn on his own like the robot boy David in the movie A．I.Artificial Intelligence，he must solve two problems. 　　The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways.That's why programmers need to tell SmarterChild where to look for the weather.It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself. 　　Furthermore，another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human，he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国新开发的电脑程序SmarterChild以及它的功能和存在的问题等。 1．Which of the following can SmarterChild do? A．Write words.　　　　 B．Record facts. C．Call players' names.　 D．Answer personal questions. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，SmarterChild可以回答年龄、家庭住址这类私人问题。故选 D。 2．What do we know about www.intellicast.com? A．It is designed to help SmarterChild.　　 B．It is about artificial intelligence. C．It helps people find SmarterChild.　　 D．It can forecast the weather. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather，he visits www.intellicast.com.”可知，SmarterChild可以访问 www.intellicast.com查询天气信息。由此推知，www.intellicast.com 是一个预报天气的网站。故选 D。 3．Which of the following is the most difficult for SmarterChild? A．Distinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones. B．Telling how the American government is run. C．Providing a famous poem by Shakespeare. D．Dealing with information accurately. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child”可知，SmarterChild 缺乏对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的常识。结合选项可推知，辨别是非行为的能力是小孩子具备的，但对缺乏这种能力的SmarterChild来说，辨别是非行为却是比较困难的。故选 A。 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Where is artificial intelligence leading us? B．Can SmarterChild have critical thinking? C．How intelligent can SmarterChild be? D．Does SmarterChild have combined knowledge? 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。本篇文章是“总—分”结构：第一段提出问题，即计算机能有多智能？接下来几段分析了 SmarterChild的优缺点，所以C项“SmarterChild 能有多智能？”是本文的最佳题目。故选C。 B (2024·浙江杭州高二期中) 　　It seems that people cannot really agree on the question of “What's so funny？” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh.But that's exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design—an AI robot that takes its cues through a shared laughter system.The scientists describe their approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android “Erica” in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 　　“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共鸣)，”explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue，an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics.“One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.” 　　In the shared-laughter model，a human initially laughs and the AI system responds with laughter as an empathetic response.This approach required the scientists to design three subsystems—one to detect laughter，a second to decide whether to laugh，and a third to choose the appropriate type of laughter.The type of laughter is also important，because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter. 　　The team tested Erica's new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system.Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue in the three different conditions—the shared-laughter system，no laughter，all laughter—and evaluated the interaction based on human-likeness，naturalness and understanding.The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline. 　　“Robots should actually have a distinct character，and we think that they can show this through their conversational behavior，such as laughing，eye gazing，gesturing and the speaking style，” Inoue added.“We do not think that this is an easy problem at all，and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.” 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一个带有共享笑声系统的人工智能机器人，它可以对人类的笑声作出适当的反应，在对话中建立共鸣。 5．What's the purpose of raising the question “What's so funny？” at the beginning? A．To show opinions on funny things. B．To encourage readers to share their ideas. C．To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh. D．To emphasize the importance of being funny. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第一段前两句谈到，好像人们不能在“什么事这么好笑？”这个问题上取得一致意见。所以想象一下试图教机器人笑。后文介绍了教机器人笑的原因以及研究人员为此所做的很多工作。最后一段最后一句说明了教机器人笑的难度。由此可知，在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑？”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度大。故选C。 6．Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “a funny bone” in Paragraph 1? A．A sense of humor.　 B．A shared-laughter system. C．A speaking style.　　 D．A distinct character. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句意为：科学家在Frontiers in Robotics and AI 期刊最新的一期上描述了他们为日本机器人“Erica”创建 a funny bone 的创新方法。结合第四段第一句可知，画线短语a funny bone 有“幽默感”之意。故选A。 7．What is NOT needed in the research on the shared-laughter system? A．Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh. B．Assessing the interaction based on emotions. C．Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica. D．Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，A 项排除；根据第四段内容可知，研究小组用 Erica 新的共享笑声系统，在一个人和Erica 之间创建了四段不同的简短对话，以此来测试 Erica 的新幽默感。然后，他们让130 多人在三种不同的条件下(分享笑声系统、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话，并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些交流。由此可知，C、D项排除。故选 B。 8．What is Inoue's attitude towards conversational AI? A．Indifferent. B．Suspicious. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段 Inoue 的话“机器人实际上应该具有鲜明的性格，我们认为它们可以通过对话行为表现出这一点，比如大笑、眼神凝视、做手势和说话风格。我们认为这完全不是一个简单的问题，很可能需要10年以上的时间我们才能最终像与朋友聊天一样与机器人随意聊天。”可知，Inoue实事求是地分析了机器人的研究和发展趋势，由此推断，Inoue对对话式人工智能的态度是客观的。故选 D。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 　　At Lowe's，the home improvement chain，the “LoweBot” in some stores can answer simple 1. (question)，such as where to find items，and can help with monitoring circumstances.These robots free workers 2. routine tasks，giving humans more time for customer interaction.But that's only the beginning. 　　The real benefit of retail(零售) robots is the opportunity to attain more data about the products on the shelves and customer-buying patterns which can increase efficiency and accuracy in 3. (manage)． 　　The key is using retail robots as data collectors within the Internet of Things.It is thought of as 4. complex network of connected devices，objects and sensors gathering data.And the data 5. (analyze) in the cloud or with edge computing，which uses nearby servers to lower latency(延迟)．As the robots move around in stores，they attain photos of every shelf and aisle(过道)，6. are transformed into insights into out-of-stock merchandise and pricing. 　　Such detailed data is 7. (especial) valuable in retail，where 8. (understand) consumers' demands is essential.For instance，Stitch Fix，which 9. (provide) just-for-you clothing choices for shoppers at home，completes its data science in multiple aspects of 10. (it) business model，from product recommendation to management and fashion design. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了物联网时代的机器人为零售业打开了新格局。 1．答案：questions　 解析：考查名词的单复数。提示词 question 在句中表示“问题”，为可数名词，且空前没有限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填 questions。 2．答案：from　 解析：考查介词。free sb from sth 表示“使某人摆脱某事”，为固定搭配。故填 from。 3．答案：management　 解析：考查词性转换。这里指“提高管理的效率和准确性”。空格处作介词in的宾语，表示“管理”，应用名词，故填 management。 4．答案：a　 解析：考查冠词。network前的complex 和后面的 of 短语都是修饰它的定语，所以空后的中心名词为 network，表示“网络”，为可数名词。这里表示泛指，所以用不定冠词，空后的 complex 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 5．答案：is/are analyzed　 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处作谓语，结合语境和上下文时态可知这里为客观描述，应用一般现在时。主语 data 和提示词 analyze 之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。data既可视为不可数名词，又可视为复数名词，故填 is /are analyzed。 6．答案：which　 解析：考查定语从句。空前有逗号，逗号后无连词，空后内容缺主语，所以推测逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 photos，指物，空格处在从句中作主语，故填which。 7．答案：especially　 解析：考查词性转换。空格处作状语，修饰形容词valuable，应用副词。故填especially。 8．答案：understanding　 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据后面的系动词 is 和表语 essential 可知，“ consumers' demands”在从句中作主语，表示抽象的动作，应用动词-ing形式。故填 understanding。 9．答案：provides　 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空格处所在部分是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词 which 指代先行词 Stitch Fix(为单数概念)在从句中作主语，空格处是从句中的谓语。这里指“Stitch Fix为居家购物者提供量身定做的服装选择”，表示一般事实，所以用一般现在时，故填provides。 10．答案：its　 解析：考查代词。空格处修饰名词短语 business model，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$