Unit 1 Science and scientists 单元综合与提升-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（人教版2019）

单元综合与提升 ◎ 1．severe adj.　　　　 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 3．suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6．link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7．decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 9．thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 10．finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 11．solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 12．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 13．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 14．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 15．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 17．fault n. 弱点；过错 18．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 19．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 ◎ 选用左栏单词的正确形式填空。 1．He improved the production process by linking different machines together. 2．These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability. 3．I'm old enough to handle my own affairs without my parents' intervention. 4．The number of new students in this school decreased from 2，100 to 1，600 last year. 5．Blamed by his teacher，the boy was frustrated and couldn't concentrate on his study. 6．He built a solid foundation for his business by establishing strong relationships with his clients. 7．As the sun set，the tree cast a long shadow across the grassy field. 8．He blamed his friend for the car accident，but later realized that it was his own fault． 9．What impressed me most was his vivid description of what happened just now. 10．Judging from what he said，I suspected him to be the thief stealing my electric bike. 11．The scientist made a brilliant discovery that changed the field of physics. 12．She carefully poured the hot tea into the delicate china cups and handed them to guests. 学生用书↓第26页 ◎ 1．infection n． 感染；传染 →infect vt. 使感染；传染 2．proof n． 证据；证明；检验 →prove vt. 证明 link v．证明是 3．finding n． 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 →find v． 发现 →finder n． 发现者 4．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 →initially adv. 起初 5．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 →defense/defence n． 防御；保卫 6．assistant n． 助理；助手 →assist vt. 帮助；协助 →assistance n． 帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 →gift n． 礼物；天赋 8．frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 →frustrate v． 使恼怒；挫败 9．fault n． 过错；弱点 →faulty adj. 错误的；不完美的 10．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 →transformation n． 改观；改变 ◎ 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．Initially(initial)，I was hesitant about taking on the new project，but with the assistance of my colleagues，I gained the confidence to move forward. 2．After struggling with a difficult puzzle，he became frustrated(frustrate) and threw it across the room. 3．The young artist was incredibly gifted(gift)，producing brilliant paintings at a very young age. 4．The hospital took strict measures to prevent the spread of infection(infect)． 5．The company provided financial assistance(assistant) to employees affected by the natural disaster. ◎ 1．once and for all　 最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to 同意；赞同 3．thanks to 幸亏；由于 4．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of 主管；掌管 6．(be) to blame 应受责备 7. attend to 照料 ◎ 选用左栏短语的正确形式填空。 1．Joe never admits he is wrong and is always looking for someone else to blame． 2．He can't be in charge of the programme because it is beyond his ability. 3．I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly. 4．Thanks to modern science and technology，people lead a more comfortable and richer life. 5．In order to attend to his parents，he moved to a flat next to his parents'. 学生用书↓第27页 ◎ 1．not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……” He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 2．so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 3．have sth done意为“使/让别人做某事” Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing. ◎ 1．练中国功夫不但能增强体力，还能培养一个人的品质。 Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength，but also develop one's character． 2．他如此生气以至于什么也没说就离开了房间。 He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. 3．记者们把注意力都集中在那场交通事故上。 The reporters have all their attention focused on the traffic accident. 4．现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便更容易被重复利用。 Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it to be reused． 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(黑体词为本单元词汇复现) 　　Among the pioneers in China's aerospace industry，one name stands tall—Qian Xuesen，widely 1.recognized(recognize) as the “Father of China's Aerospace.”Qian's initial journey into the world of space exploration was filled with solid determination and a 2.gifted(gift) scientific mind. 　　Born in 1911，Qian's 3.brilliance(brilliant) was apparent from his early years.His outstanding abilities led him to be 4.in charge of various groundbreaking projects.As an 5.assistant(assist) to Theodore von Kármán，a famous aerospace scientist，Qian cast a shining light in the field of rocket.His concrete contributions helped lay the foundation for China's space endeavors. 　　In addition to his technical brilliance，Qian was a 6.deeply(deep) patriotic individual.He aimed 7.to defend(defend) China and believed that aerospace technology played a vital role in 8.protecting(protect) the nation.Qian's concept of aerospace as a defense mechanism allowed him to break out of 9.the abstract and transform it into a reality. 　　Qian's leadership and faultless performance were vividly evident during his time as the head of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense.Thanks to 10.his(he) guidance，China's aerospace capabilities shifted to new heights.Qian's pure dedication and ability to handle complex projects displayed his visionary thinking. 学生用书↓第28页 The Value of Science (节选自译林版新教材必修第三册 Unit 4) 　　What is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do? 　　The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science；it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. 　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.With more knowledge comes a deeper，more wonderful mystery，inspiring one to look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 　　I would now like to turn to a third value that science has.The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance.When he has an idea as to what the result is，he is uncertain.And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be，he is still in some doubt. 　　Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.In order to progress，we must not forget the importance of this struggle；we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 学生用书↓第29页 It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom；to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed；and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. [词海拾贝] 1．enable v．使能够，使可能；激活 2．to the credit of 给……带来荣誉 3．negate v．否认，否定；使无效，取消 4．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的 5．let sb down使某人失望 6．ignorance n．无知 7．as to 关于；至于 8．take it for granted that... 想当然地认为；认为……理所当然 9．authority n．权威，权力；官方 10．leave room for 留有……余地 [阅读理解] 阅读文本，回答以下问题 1．What are the three values of science mentioned in the passage? The three values of science mentioned in the passage are the enabling power to do either good or bad，the intellectual enjoyment it provides，and the experience with ignorance and doubt which is of great importance. 2．What is the scientist's responsibility concerning doubt and freedom of thought? The scientist's responsibility is to declare the value of freedom of thought，teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed，and demand this freedom as a duty to all coming generations. 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·湖北武昌实验中学高二12月考) 　　When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like “I'd give anything to have a few more hours in the day.” And Tom said，“Why don't we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way，I could have used an extra-big clock last week! 　　Our teacher had asked us to make an art project ①showing how plants eat，“I can't believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh.“I have no idea how I'll get mine done.” I didn't say anything.Not because I was nervous—I wasn't nervous at all.I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn't work on the project at all on Monday night.②I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing. 　　I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month，and it's a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids.The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box (手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work.But just then，the telephone rang. 　　③It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I'd come help decorate them. I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela's world-famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year! 　　I had no choice.I had to go.Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream-cheese filling in another.It was 7 o'clock when I finally got home.I planned to work on my project right after we ate.But then another interruption hit me. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 　　Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes.” 学生用书↓第30页 　　Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. 读后续写三步曲 第一步：读语篇及所给首句 1．字词表达 (1)could have used当时可能就使用 (2)get mine done把我的(作业)做完 (3)later than usual比平常晚 (4)adorable adj.可爱的 (5)star cookies with red jam filling红色果酱夹心的星星甜饼 2．语言结构 ①动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰an art project。 ②the minute连接两个句子，意为“一……就……”。 [译文]　我原计划周二训练完棒球回到家就开始。 ③本句为多重复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰my friend Ollie；said后跟宾语从句，省略了that；know后跟if引导的宾语从句。 [译文]　是我的朋友奥利打来的，他说他奶奶刚做了饼干，想知道我能不能去帮忙装饰一下。 3．内容脉络 (1)老师给作者所在的班级布置了一项任务，作者只有两个晚上的时间来完成它，但她认为自己可以很快完成这项任务，所以第一天晚上根本没有做这个任务。 (2)第二天晚上又因为去参加棒球训练和去朋友家装饰饼干耽误了时间。 (3)当作者返回家中，正打算完成这项任务时，又被打断了。 4．所给首句 Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes.” [译文]　就在我要开始的时候，爸爸说：“乔安娜，轮到你洗碗了。” Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. [译文]　看着我纸张上的大大的“F”，我开始反思我这些天所做的事情。 第二步：巧妙构思续写情节 1．预测续写走向 作业成绩不好，我反思并改正自己拖延的毛病。 2．安排续写要素 (1)主要人物：I；次要人物：friends and family members。 (2)时间：首段在周二晚上及周三早上；末段在成绩出来之后。 地点：首段为作者家中和学校；末段在学校或者家里。 (3)事件发展(刷碗)——高潮(没有时间认真写作业，草草上交)——结局(成绩不好反思改正)。 3．设计续写要点 (1)要点一：承接首段首句 根据首段首句中it's your turn to do the dishes，应描述我听到时的心理活动。 (2)要点二：情节继续推进 描写我刷碗时的场景和心理活动等。 (3)要点三：铺垫第二段首句 根据第二段首句Looking at the big “F” on my paper，应描写我没能写好作业，匆匆上交。 (4)要点四：承接第二段首句 根据第二段首句中started to reflect on what I had done these days，应描写我反思自己的不足。 (5)要点五：情节发展变化 描写自己的懊悔。 (6)要点六：主题总结升华 描写决心改变自己。 学生用书↓第31页 第三步：妙笔生花续写成文 1．基本表达 (1)首段首句：Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes.” (要点1：承接首句，描写听到爸爸的话时我的心理活动) His words came as a big blow to me and made me more nervous.However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes． (要点2：推进情节，增加描写我刷碗时着急的心理和情绪。) The clinking of dishes was disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second. (要点3：铺垫第二段首句，描写我没能认真写好作业，第二天匆忙上交。) After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I went into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten.I didn't have much time，so I finished the assignment in a hurry．The next day，I handed it in． (2)第二段首句： (要点4：承接第二段首句，描写我对自己做法的反思。) My life seemed in a mess these days，arising from/due to/as a result of my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. (要点5：故事结局，描写我的懊悔和想做出改变。) Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. (要点6：主题总结升华，描写我的认识) After this experience，I understood the importance of time，and began to arrange for my schedule with care.With confidence，I believed that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment. 2．提升表达 (1)词汇升级替换：重击a big blow→a hammer blow；使我更加着急 make me more nervous→ leave me into deeper anxiety；冲进，进入go into→rush into；重要性importance →significance；相信 believed→ was convinced (2)丰富句式结构：what 从句替换his words；分词短语作状语；用with复合结构替换I didn't have much time。 3．打磨美文 上述基本表达要点齐全，但句式结构较为单一，描写用词平淡，请结合提升表达的内容对上文黑体内容润色升级，并适当添加过渡词或修饰词。 　　Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes.” 　　Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. [参考范文] 　　Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes.”What Dad said was a hammer blow to me, leaving me into deeper anxiety.However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes unwillingly.The clinking of dishes was disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second.After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten. Without much time left，I finished the assignment in a hurry.The next day，I handed it in nervously. 　　Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days.My life seemed in a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule.My energy was occupied by some small matters which had nothing to do with my project.Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.After this experience，I eventually understood the importance of time，and began to arrange for my schedule with care.With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$