Unit 1 Science and scientists 单元检测卷(一)-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（人教版2019）

null 单元检测卷(一)　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (时间：120分钟　满分：150分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What's wrong with Mark? A．He got a backache. B．He got a toothache. C．He got a headache. 2．What will the speakers do? A．Buy some tents. B．Put up the tents. C．Take down the tents. 3．What is the man going to do? A．Fetch his luggage. B．Visit his friends. C．Pick up the woman. 4．What will the woman do this afternoon? A．Go to a concert with the man. B．Take care of her parents. C．Wait for the washing machine to be repaired. 5．How much did the car cost? A．$50，000.　 　　　　 B．$30，000. C．$100，000. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the man's favorite meat? A．Pork. B．Chicken. 　 C．Beef. 7．What do we know about the woman? A．She always seems energetic. B．She likes eating vegetables. C．She's an athlete. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman congratulate the man? A．He beat his father. B．He got his tenth win. C．He got a new partner. 9．Who convinced the man to take up car racing? A．His cousin. 　　　　 B．His father. C．His friend. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the woman do? A．An editor. 　　　　 B．A writer. C．A secretary. 11．How does the man find publishing? A．Interesting. 　　　　 B．Rewarding. C．Boring. 12．What can we know about the woman's company? A．It provides a much higher salary. B．It provides many promotion opportunities. C．It provides a relaxing working atmosphere. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What might the woman be doing now? A．Taking a driving test. B．Paying the traffic fine. C．Learning the traffic rules. 14．What is the speed limit in the housing area? A．5 km per hour. 　　　　 B．10 km per hour. C．15 km per hour. 15．Where does the man ask the woman to park the car? A．At the garage. B．Beside the sidewalk. C．At the parking lot. 16．What does the man think of the woman's driving at last? A．Unskilled. 　　　　 B．Dangerous. C．Experienced. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Why did the guy go to the gym almost every week? A．To know more people. B．To make himself stronger. C．To lose weight. 18．How long did the guy spend at the gym in total every week? A．20 minutes. 　　　　 B．40 minutes. C．2 hours. 19．Which of the following things didn't the guy do at the gym? A．Talk with different people. B．Surf the Internet. C．Read the newspaper. 20．What does the speaker want to tell us? A．Not to waste time on unimportant things. B．To spend more time resting every day. C．Not to complain about extra exercise. 答案：1～5 CCBCB　　6～10 CBBAA 11～15 CBACB 16～20 ACCBA 听力材料 第一节 　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (Text 1) M：Hello, can I speak to Mark? W：I'm sorry, he isn't in now.He went to the doctor for his headache. (Text 2) W：How strongly the wind is blowing! It nearly blows me over! M：We must put the tents away because of the strong wind. W：OK. Let's do it right away. (Text 3) M：Excuse me, is it possible to leave my luggage here until 4 this afternoon? I need to see some friends. W：Of course, we'll keep it for you. But you have to fill in a form first. (Text 4) M：Jane, would you like to go to a rock concert with me this afternoon? W：I'd love to, but my parents are not at home right now, and I have to wait for the workman to repair the washing machine. M：Oh, what a pity! (Text 5) W: What a beautiful car you have bought！How much did you pay for it？15，000 dollars? M: 15，000 dollars？Double that amount！It is the latest model. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) M：Hi, Jill! Is this seat taken? W：No. Have a seat! Wow — that's a lot of meat. You must really like meat. M：Yes, I do. I love to eat pork and chicken, but I especially like beef. W：I don't eat very much meat. I really prefer to eat vegetables. You know, I read an article the other day which said that eating too much meat isn't good for your health. M：Yes, that's generally true, but it's not a problem for me. I need meat because I'm an athlete. W：Ah, right. Then you really must eat more meat to help you stay energetic. M：Right. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：James, the winner of today's car race, is with me now. Congratulations, James! This is now your tenth win! So where did it all begin? I see your father was also racing here today. Did he convince you to take up racing when you were young? M：Er, actually, it was me who persuaded him — he started racing only this year. No, it was my cousin who is to blame. He used to take me along when he went to races — I was five at the time. W：Who is your partner today? M：Tim, who I introduced to racing some time ago — at the moment he is free to help me, though next year he hopes to have a car of his own. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) M：How do you like your job here, Linda? W：It's interesting. I like being an editor. M：Why? W：I like talking to writers. I come across a lot of interesting and outstanding people in the industry. M：I'm happy to hear that, but publishing is more than just talking to writers. It involves a lot of work and responsibility. The work is actually boring. W：I don't feel bored at all. I'm getting along with my colleagues and I'm learning new things almost every day. M：Do you have any complaints? W：No, I have no complaints. I hear there are many opportunities to be moved up in this company. Is that true? M：Yes, you have many opportunities to be promoted in this company as long as you do well. W：That's perfect. I'll try my best. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：Don't be nervous. Just apply what you have learned about the traffic rules to this road test. I'm sure you'll pass it easily. W：All right. Any tips for me? M：Keep your eyes on the road. W：Okay. M：Whoa! Slow down. You're driving too fast. What did I tell you about the speed limit in this housing area? W：15km per hour. I'm sorry. M：Now you need to turn left at the next corner ... That's right. Good girl! Do always remember to signal when you turn. W：Thanks, Mr. Anderson. M：Now pull over beside the sidewalk and show me how well you park. W：Okay. M：Carefully, carefully turn right here, and ... Wait, wait! You'll hit that mailbox! Turn left a little bit. Okay ... W：Whew, finally! Did I pass, Mr. Anderson? M：Well, I have to say you really need some more practice. Come back again next Friday. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) Let me tell you a funny true story. There once was a guy who went to the gym every week to work out.He would spend 20 minutes changing his clothes.Then he would walk around the gym talking with different people.After that he would read the newspaper.Finally, he would do 5 minutes of exercise.Then he would take a hot bath before going home.During the whole 2 hours he was at the gym.He would spend only 5 minutes exercising！One day someone heard this man complaining，“I don't understand it.I go to the gym almost every week，but I never seem to lose weight.” But everybody at the gym knew why.They saw this guy doing everything at the gym except the main thing: exercise! It's important that we keep the main thing.If we want to succeed, we must get the main thing done instead of wasting our time and energy doing things that aren't important. 第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Science Events from New Scientist 　　Space，Time and Motion with Sean Carroll 　　Online | October 20 | 18：00－19：00 　　“Where，when and how？” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask，and knowledge of space，time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics.Join Sean Carroll，an expert in physics，as he explores deep questions about the nature of space，time and motion，and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein. 　　Big Thinkers Series 　　Online | November 10 　　The Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout the year，covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.If you are curious about your brain，your body，our planet or the universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research. 　　Memory，the Brain and Who We Are 　　Online | November 15| 18：00－19：00 　　Psychiatrist Veronica O'Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识)．How do our brains store and then conjure up (浮现) past experiences to make us who we are? Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories? These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences. 　　Instant Expert：Understanding Your Brain 　　The British Library，London | November 19 　　At this event，six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe.On the way you'll learn how our brains learn languages，how they store memories and why they need to sleep.Hosted by a New Scientist journalist，our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个科学活动的情况。 21．Which event focuses on discoveries in physics? A．Big Thinkers Series. B．Memory，the Brain and Who We Are. C．Instant Expert：Understanding Your Brain. D．Space，Time and Motion with Sean Carroll. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据Space，Time and Motion with Sean Carroll部分中“‘Where，when and how？’are...and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics.”可知，Space，Time and Motion with Sean Carroll活动的重点是物理学的发现。故选D。 22．When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts? A．On October 20. B．On November 19. C．On November 10. D．On November 15. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据Big Thinkers Series部分中“The Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout the year，covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.”及“Online|November 10”可知，你在11月10日能参加一流专家的讲座。故选C。 23．What do the four events have in common? A．They are held online. B．They offer expert guidance. C．They mainly focus on memory. D．They each last for one hour. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分“Join Sean Carroll，an expert in physics...to Newton and Einstein.”；第二部分“The Big Thinkers series from New Scientist...brought to you by world-class experts.”；第三部分“Psychiatrist Veronica O'Keane will draw...offer you some expertise (专业知识)．”以及最后一部分“Hosted by a New Scientist journalist，our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.”可知，这四个活动的共同之处是都提供专家指导。故选B。 B 　　We are all aware of the damaging pollution that's created by driving petrol and diesel(柴油) vehicles.Many of the world's cities are blocked with traffic，creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides.The solution for a cleaner，greener future could be electric vehicles.But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030.But is that easier said than done? 　　The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.Currently，battery life is an issue—a fully charged battery won't take you as far as a full tank of petrol.There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into.Of course，technology is always improving.Some of the biggest tech companies，like Google and Tesla，are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars.And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too.Colin Herron，a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology，told the BBC，“The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries，which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.”These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range.Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.But some countries offer incentive，such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes，and not charging for road tax and parking.Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on，overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. 　　These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita(人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants.But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn't mean a zero-carbon future.“It's emission-free motoring，but the car has to be built，the battery has to be built，and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it's time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。 24．What can we infer from the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．We should not be too optimistic about the future. D．It's not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done？”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推知，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选A。 25．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Permission.　　　　　 B．Encouragement. C．Admission. D．Insistence. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.”和画线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes，and not charging for road tax and parking”可知，画线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选B。 26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”． C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on，overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，这说明电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞。故选D。 27．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Electric Power or Petrol：A Tough Decision to Make B．Electric Vehicles：A Road to a Greener Future　 C．Total Electric Traffic：A Long Way to Go D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles：A Main Source of Gases 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中的“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推知，C项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 C 　　You've probably eaten a hot dog and felt like the underdog—but have you ever spotted a sundog? 　　A sundog is a weather event that causes two bright bursts of rainbow colored light to appear on either side of the sun.It is located approximately 22 degrees either left，right，or both，from the sun，depending on where the ice crystals (冰晶体) are.If the sun were a clock，you would see them around 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock.Sometimes sundogs appear with a halo (光环) around the sun.They can be very beautiful，with a reddish glow closest to the sun and a bluish white center.Sundogs can be seen during any season but are most often seen during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky.You are also more likely to see them early or late in the day，when the sun is near the horizon (地平线)．The most brilliant sundogs happen on sunny days. 　　Conditions need to be just right for sundogs to appear.Sunlight passes through high，cold cirrus clouds (卷云)．These clouds contain flat，6-sided ice crystals.If the plate-like crystals go toward the ground horizontally with the large face towards the earth，light is reflected through the sides.The crystals act as prisms (棱镜)，separating the light and making the sundog. 　　Throughout history，sundogs have been used to predict weather because they often indicate that snow or rain is on its way.Some people believed that sundogs were a sign of good luck or encouragement，while others saw them as a warning from God. 　　Famous authors such as William Shakespeare and Jack London have described sundogs in stories and poems as both frightening and amazing.Artists have been inspired to catch the beauty of sundogs in drawings，paintings，and photography，and rock bands have even written songs about them. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的大气光学现象——幻日，介绍了它的形成原理和形成条件等。 28．What can we learn about sundogs from the second paragraph? A．Sundogs can be used to tell the time. B．Sundogs are most common in winter. C．Sundogs always come after a rainbow. D．Sundogs predict the coming of sunny days. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sundogs can be seen during any season but are most often seen during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky.”可知，幻日在任何季节都会出现，但在冬季是最常见的。故选B项。 29．In which situation will sundogs come into being? A．The clouds separate the sunlight. B．The plate turns its face towards the earth. C．The crystals go toward the ground horizontally. D．Ice crystals are positioned with their flat sides horizontal to the ground. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the plate-like crystals go toward...and making the sundog.”可知，冰晶垂直向下，平坦的侧面与地面平行，此时晶体充当棱镜，反射太阳光线，从而产生幻日现象，所以，冰晶的侧面与地面平行是形成幻日的条件。故选D项。 30．Why do people use sundogs to predict weather? A．Because people think they stand for bad luck. B．Because sundogs are beyond their recognition. C．Because a rain or snow often comes after them. D．Because people consider it as a warning from God. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Throughout history，sundogs have been used to predict weather because they often indicate that snow or rain is on its way.”可知，历史上人们用幻日预测天气，是因为它们的出现预示着要下雨或下雪，也就是雨或雪就在幻日之后出现。故选C项。 31．Why does the author mention Shakespeare and Jack London? A．To prove sundogs are magical events. B．To show sundogs have long attracted great attention. C．To encourage writers to describe sundogs in their works. D．To remind people that they are good at writing stories and poems. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Famous authors such as William Shakespeare and Jack London have described sundogs in stories and poems as both frightening and amazing.”可知，莎士比亚与杰克·伦敦分别是十六世纪和十九世纪的作家，他们的作品中都有关于幻日的描述，由此可知，幻日现象由来已久，所以，文章提到他们是为了说明幻日现象长期以来被人们关注。故选B项。 D 　　Microsoft has announced the general availability of its Azure AI Content Safety，a new service that helps users detect and filter harmful AI—and user-generated content across applications and services. 　　The service，designed to reduce negative information in community environments，includes text and image detection and identifies content that Microsoft terms “offensive，risky，or undesirable，” including hate，bias，adult content，violence and self-harm. 　　“By focusing on content safety，we can create a safer digital environment that promotes responsible use of AI and safeguards the well-being of individuals and society as a whole，” wrote Louise Han，product manager for Azure Anomaly Detector，in a blog post announcing the launch. Azure AI Content Safety has the ability to handle various content categories，languages，and threats to moderate both text and visual content.It also offers image features that use AI algorithms to scan，analyze，and moderate visual content，ensuring what Microsoft terms 360-degree comprehensive safety measures.The service is also equipped to moderate content across multiple languages and it can rate the severity of specific content on a scale ranging from 0 to 7.Then it instructs human detectors to take action. 　　“When it comes to online safety，it is crucial to consider more than just human-generated content，especially as AI-generated content becomes prevalent，” Han wrote.“To make sure that AI-generated outputs are accurate，reliable，or appropriate materials are essential.Content safety not only protects users from misinformation and potential harm but also upholds moral standards and builds trust in AI technologies.” 　　Azure AI Content Safety has a better understanding of textual content and cultural context and are more precise in processing data and content than other products in their category. 　　Azure AI Content Safety is mainly priced on a pay-as-you-go basis.Interested users can checkout pricing options on the Azure AI Content Safety pricing page. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。微软宣布全面推出Azure AI内容安全服务，这是一项新服务，可以帮助用户在应用程序和服务中检测和过滤有害的人工智能和用户生成的内容。文章主要介绍了这项服务的一些内容和特点。 32．What's the main idea of the passage? A．Microsoft makes AI technologies popular. B．Microsoft guarantees trust in AI technologies. C．Microsoft launches AI Content Safety service. D．Microsoft puts forward a term about AI Content Safety. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Microsoft has announced the general...content across applications and services.”并结合文章介绍了这项服务的一些内容和特点可知，这篇文章的主旨是微软推出AI内容安全服务。故选C。 33．What type of information is the most likely to be identified by Azure AI Content Safety? A．Hatred speeches. B．Nursery rhymes. C．Peaceful protests. D．Defensive postures. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The service，designed to reduce...including hate，bias，adult content，violence and self-harm.”可知，仇恨言论类型的信息最有可能被Azure AI内容安全识别。故选A。 34．Which of the following is TRUE about Azure AI Content Safety according to Paragraphs 4－6? A．It deals only with visual information to guarantee a secure digital world. B．It is the best product created to prevent misleading information in history. C．It assesses the seriousness of specific information by using different languages. D．It's committed to accuracy，reliability and appropriateness of AI-generated contents. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“To make sure that AI-generated outputs are accurate，reliable，or appropriate materials are essential.”可知，关于Azure AI内容安全，D选项“致力于AI生成内容的准确性、可靠性和适当性”正确。故选D。 35．The text is probably followed by a paragraph about ． A．the application of Azure AI Content Safety to users' language learning B．the details of price choices when purchasing Azure AI Content Safety C．the comparison of Azure AI Content Safety and other similar products D．the examples of Azure AI Content Safety to solve technical problems 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Azure AI Content Safety is mainly priced...on the Azure AI Content Safety pricing page.”可推知，文章后面可能有一段关于购买Azure AI内容安全时价格选择的详细信息。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 　　Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures，we tend to ignore our health. 36 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 　　 37 We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly，if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.Health is the state of our body at a given time.We may not have any disease but still have a weak body，which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 38 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. 　　It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 39 For instance，we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. 　　Additionally，it is important to relax our body.We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 40 This，in turn，gives us new goals of health and fitness. A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D．For instance，we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E．If we keep our body fit，we can enjoy life in a better manner. F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 36．答案：G 解析：根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures，we tend to ignore our health.”可知，因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视。根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.”可知，身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病。空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 37．答案：B 解析：根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly，if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.”可知，健康的身体与健身是密不可分的。空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项(健康和健身是相互关联的。)概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 38．答案：D 解析：根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time.We may not have any disease but still have a weak body，which is ready to be targeted by viruses.”和空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.”可知，生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 39．答案：F 解析：根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.”可知，我们应该花时间去健身。根据空后“For instance，we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.”可知，我们应该每天坚持锻炼。空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 40．答案：C 解析：根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.”可知，我们应该保障充足的睡眠。根据空后“This，in turn，gives us new goals of health and fitness.”可知，充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处。空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 　　Tidying your desk，watering your plants，folding clothes—these household chores are hardly the height of pleasure.Yet I often find myself 41 these little tasks. 　　If I'm stuck in writer's block with a deadline 42 ，I'll have to clear up the papers placed around my office—and it's sometimes the most 43 I feel all day. 　　I'm not 44 in this.As we faced the stresses of the pandemic，many people reported finding renewed interest in 45 their homes as a way of coping with uncertainty. 　　Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms (机制) that can explain the pleasure from these tasks and their benefits—these may well encourage you to 46 these odd jobs more often. 　　Little chores may be useful because they 47 the mind，leading us to devote fewer resources to the things that 48 us.Even if we struggle with activities that are meant to help us relax，we may find household tasks can help us appreciate the here and now.But this depends on where we place our 49 ． 　　In one of the few studies to examine the mental health benefits of washing the dishes，researchers at Florida State University divided 51 50 into two groups.Half read a text that encouraged them to 51 focus their thoughts on the activity.“While washing the dishes，one should be completely 52 of the fact that one is washing the dishes，” they were told.The rest read factual instructions on how to do washing up without being encouraged to focus their awareness on the activity. 　　Afterwards，the participants were asked to take a questionnaire about their 53 ．Those who had fully engaged with the experience reported a significantly better mood.This included 54 nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration”，as if the simple activity had 55 their minds. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些科学研究发现，许多人认为无趣或厌烦的家务事，实际上可能会给我们带来愉悦和心理健康方面的好处。 41．A．ignoring　　　　　　 B．enjoying C．avoiding D．simplifying 答案：B 解析：根据上文“these household chores are hardly the height of pleasure”和“Yet”可知，作者是很享受做家务的。故选B。 42．A．agreed B．established C．passing D．approaching 答案：D 解析：根据“a deadline”可知，此处表示截稿日期临近。故选D。 43．A．relaxed B．bored C．worried D．annoyed 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Yet I often find myself these little tasks.”可知，当截稿日期临近时，作者觉得清理办公室周围的文件可以让作者放松，所以作者是喜欢做些这种清理任务。故选A。 44．A．confident B．fit C．alone D．stuck 答案：C 解析：根据下文“many people reported finding renewed interest”可知，很多人和作者是一样的，他们对照顾自己的家产生了新的兴趣，故作者不是孤单的。故选C。 45．A．opening up B．looking after C．returning to D．setting up 答案：B 解析：根据第一段的“Tidying your desk，watering your plants，folding clothes—these household chores”和空后的“their homes”可知，此处是指人们通过做些家务来照顾自己的家。故选B。 46．A．sum up B．give up C．learn about D．engage in 答案：D 解析：根据下文“these odd jobs more often”可知，很多潜在的机制鼓励人们从任务中获得乐趣和好处，这些乐趣和好处鼓励人们继续从事参与清理家务这样的零工。故选D。 47．A．occupy B．broaden C．motivate D．challenge 答案：A 解析：根据下文“leading us to devote fewer resources to the things that us”可知，一些小杂务会占据我们的思想。故选A。 48．A．interest B．bother C．delight D．surprise 答案：B 解析：根据上文“leading us to devote fewer resources to the things”可知，当我们做一些占据我们思想的小杂务时，我们会把更少的资源投入到困扰我们的事情上，空格处意为“打扰，烦扰”。故选B。 49．A．focus B．hope C．pressure D．happiness 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Even if we struggle with activities that are...the here and now.”以及下文“Half read a text that encouraged them to focus their thoughts on the activity.”可知，即使我们对那些旨在帮助我们放松的活动感到挣扎，我们可能会发现家务可以帮助我们欣赏此时此地，即我们把焦点放在哪儿决定着我们如何看待家务以及家务产生的影响，下文的实验也是强调“聚焦焦点”的作用。故选A。 50．A．dishes B．households C．participants D．tasks 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Afterwards，the participants were asked to take a questionnaire”可知，此处是信息词“participants”的词汇复现，表示将参与者分成两组。故选C。 51．A．entirely B．quickly C．slightly D．initially 答案：A 解析：根据下文“one should be completely of the fact that one is washing the dishes”可知，此处表示“其中一半人读了一篇鼓励他们把注意力完全集中在活动上的文章”。故选A。 52．A．sure B．proud C．glad D．aware 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Half read a text that encouraged them to focus their thoughts on the activity.”可知，其中一半人读了一篇鼓励他们把注意力完全集中在活动上的文章，故这些参与者则完全意识到自己在洗碗。故选D。 53．A．interests B．abilities C．feelings D．habits 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Those who had fully engaged with the experience reported a significantly better mood.This included nervousness and even a sense of ‘inspiration’”可知，那些完全参与体验的人报告说他们的情绪明显更好，推测参与者被要求填写一份关于他们感受的问卷。故选C。 54．A．continued B．increased C．unexpected D．reduced 答案：D 解析：根据上文“a significantly better mood”可知，那些完全专注于洗碗的参与者们有着更好的情绪，因此紧张和压力是减少的。故选D。 55．A．slipped B．refreshed C．developed D．exhausted 答案：B 解析：根据上文“even a sense of ‘inspiration’”可知，简单的活动让他们感觉减少了紧张和焦虑，也就是说好像这些活动使他们头脑焕然一新，充满灵感，因此此处表示让他们恢复精神。故选B。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　We all know clean water is important for good health.But now we also know we should watch 56. we keep our water in.Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 57. (call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies.Since 2011，many countries 58. (ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and baby bottles.But are other non-BPA plastics safe? 　　Plastic labeled BPA-free might use other chemicals that have 59. (harm) health effects.60. (Study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA．So，what should people do? The 61. (good) material to drink from is glass，62. has no chemicals that can poison water. 　　Another good choice 63. a drink container is stainless steel.Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum bottles，which are covered with a thin plastic 64. (protect) the metal from acids.There are many good food-grade stainless steel water bottles on the market. 　　If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle，avoid 65. (keep) it in the sun.Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们日常使用的塑料瓶中含有BPA有害成分，最安全的方式是使用玻璃制品，并介绍了使用塑料瓶的注意事项。 56．答案：what　 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应使用连接代词引导。故填what。 57．答案：called　 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中存在谓语动词can release，且material与call之间为被动关系，因此需使用动词-ed形式。故填called。 58．答案：have banned　 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句首有时间状语Since 2011，表明此句应使用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have banned。 59．答案：harmful　 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰名词effects，应使用harm的形容词形式。故填harmful。 60．答案：Studies　 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据助动词have可知，前面主语study应用复数形式。故填Studies。 61．答案：best　 解析：考查形容词的最高级。空处修饰名词material，前面有定冠词the，应用形容词的最高级形式。故填best。 62．答案：which　 解析：考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是glass，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 63．答案：for/as　 解析：考查介词。此处所填词意为“用来”或“作为”，分析句子结构可知，应填入介词for/as，表示“用来/作为”。故填for/as。 64．答案：to protect　 解析：考查非谓语动词。从句中已存在谓语动词are covered，因此此处需使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的，需使用动词不定式形式。故填to protect。 65．答案：keeping　 解析：考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth为固定搭配，意为“避免做……”，因此使用keep的动词-ing形式。故填keeping。 第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分15分) 　　假设你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”(Bring Cultural Relics to Life)的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括： 1.表示欢迎； 2.活动目的； 3.活动内容。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：手工艺品artifact [参考范文] Dear teachers and fellow students， 　　Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life.In order to enrich students' school life and make us know more about our cultural relics，our school holds the activity. 　　The activity consists of two parts.At the beginning，the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony，making a short introduction to cultural relics.After that，some cultural relics such as artifacts，paintings and so on will be displayed，from which we can have a better understanding of our history. 　　Hopefully，you can enjoy yourselves! 第二节　读后续写(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Every year，the whales stopped in our cove during their six-thousand-mile trip south from the Bering Sea.They swam right into the cove next to our town and stayed there for days.You could see them splashing their tails and looking at everyone on the beach. 　　People came from far away to see those huge and amazing creatures.The whales seemed to like the attention.They would dive and spout water almost as if they were performing for us.I couldn't imagine feeling so comfortable with all those people watching me.Just the idea of performing made me freeze up like a block of ice. 　　I loved spending time at the cove when no one else was around.I felt too shy to sing in front of people，but the whales were a great audience! They swam and jumped in the cove while I sang.They seemed to like my songs，and I knew they would never let out my secret.I hadn't told my family or friends about my songs.I wasn't ready to share my music yet. 　　While I was walking along the rocks one day，I spotted an unusual shape in the water next to the beach.It was a whale! The whale wasn't moving at all，and much of it was out of the water.I realized that it must have swum too close to the shore and gotten stuck.I knew I wasn't big enough to push the whale out to deeper water.Still，I had to do something，so I turned and ran back down the beach for help. 　　I spotted my sister Rosa coming toward me.“Rosa！” I shouted loudly.“Quick，go home and get help—a whale is stuck！” Rosa hesitated for a second，then turned and ran toward home.I went back to keep watch.Soon，my mom and dad came rushing and I showed them where the whale was.“We need to get this whale back in the sea！” Dad said.“Tomas，you and Rosa keep the whale wet while we run and get help.” Rosa and I waded(涉水)into the water next to the whale and began to water it. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 　　Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet，the whale was trembling with fear. 　　I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later，the entire town came. [参考范文] 　　Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet，the whale was trembling with fear.Watching its shaking body，I was on the verge of tears.Then，an idea took shape in my head.“I'll sing to it！” I said to Rosa.“You sing？” Rosa asked，puzzled.Nodding my head，I tried to use my music to comfort the huge creature.“Sing louder，the whale is relaxing！” Rosa exclaimed.So I sang louder.The whale did seem more relaxed.It wasn't trembling as much anymore. 　　I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later，the entire town came.They immediately joined us in watering the whale，though they seemed to be astonished at my singing aloud.At last，the tide reached its highest point and our whale struggled out into the sea with everyone's push.Breathing a sigh of relief，everyone began to clap and cheer，not only for the whale's safety but also for my music.I had thought it would be rather embarrassing to share my song，but now it made me feel good and great. 学生用书↓第32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$