Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the picture and answer the following question. What's the meaning of “enlightening”？ It means “to increase knowledge and awareness”． Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text? A．Helen Keller's process of learning words. B．Anne Sullivan's methods to teach Helen Keller. C．The story between Helen Keller and her teacher Anne Sullivan. D．The experiences of Helen Keller when she struggled against life. 答案：D 学生用书↓第46页 Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Part 1 (Paras.1－2)　A．Describes the ways Anne Sullivan taught Helen to learn language and Helen's excitement. Part 2 (Paras.3－4)　B．Describes some of the situation and behaviors when she was in contact with the teacher Anne Sullivan. Part 3 (Paras.5－6)　C．Describes “love”， “thinking” and other experiences and insight. Part 4 (Paras.7－14)　D．Describes the process of Helen's learning “water” and the passion it brings Helen to continue her study. 答案：Parts 1－4　BADC Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Why did Helen often break things? A．She wasn't understood by others. B．She couldn't explain herself in words. C．She wanted to show her existence. D．She wasn't satisfied with her parents. 2．How did Sullivan teach Helen words at first? A．Show Helen pictures or real objects. B．Explain its meaning and ideas patiently. C．Help Helen to feel the objects while teaching. D．Try all kinds of methods and go to different places. 3．What's the purpose of mentioning the words “love” and “think”？ A．To prove what is the best way to teach a blind and deaf child. B．To show how bright Helen was though she was not in good health. C．To set an example for students to understand abstract terms. D．To show how Sullivan taught Helen to understand abstract terms. 4．Which of the following is talked in the text? A．How Helen Keller learned to play games. B．How Helen Keller communicated with her teacher. C．How Helen Keller learned the words. D．How Helen Keller got over the difficulties. 5．What can you infer from the story of Helen Keller? A．She is blind and deaf but a lovely girl. B．She is easy to lose temper. C．She is stupid because she learns so slowly. D．It's hard for her to learn and her teacher is patient. 答案：1－5　ACDCD 学生用书↓第47页 Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．[句式分析]　As Anne wrote on Helen's hand，Helen suddenly realised that the movement of the 时间状语从句 fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand． 宾语从句 [尝试翻译]　安妮在海伦手上拼写的时候，海伦突然明白，手指的动作代表的是流过自己手掌的清凉的液体。 2．[句式分析]　Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and 原因状语从句 并列连词 use it as much as she could． 比较状语从句 [尝试翻译]　由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．[教材佳句]　Miss Sullivan put her arm gently round me and wrote on my hand，“I love Helen.”(动作描写) [学后仿写]　最后，詹姆斯和约翰安全到达地面，受到了人群的掌声和欢呼。 Finally，James and John reached the ground safely，greeted by the applause and cheers of the crowd. 2．[教材佳句]　When Helen and Anne were outside one day，Helen felt the warmth of the sun's rays.She pointed up and asked if that was love.When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed.(动作、心理描写) [学后仿写]　全班同学和他一起友好地笑了起来，我微微一笑，想知道他们是不是只是想让我感觉好点。 The class laughed friendly along with him，and I managed a weak smile，wondering whether they were just trying to make me feel better． Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What do you learn from Helen as a student？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) As a student，I think I should be as brave as Helen to overcome difficulties and study hard to achieve my goal. 2．How do you think of education? Do you think education is important in a person's growth？Why or why not？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Education can not only improve a person's overall quality，but also play a very important role in promoting the development and strength of a country.Therefore，education is very important. Education should be an activity full of love.Its fundamental purpose is to awaken the human soul. This is the highest state of education. ◎ ①exceptionally/ɪk'sepʃənəli/adv.极其，非常 exceptional/ɪk'sepʃənl/adj.异常的，特别的，罕见的；杰出的 ②severe/sɪ'vɪə/adj.很严重的 severe weather conditions恶劣的天气情况 severe winter严冬 ③restriction/rɪ'strɪkʃən/n.限制，规定，约束 ④unbearable/ʌn'beərəbəl/adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的 unbearable pain无法忍受的疼痛 [反义]bearable/'beərəbəl/adj.可忍受的，能应付的 ⑤troublesome/'trʌbəlsəm/adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的 [近义]annoying adj.使烦恼的，使生气的，使恼怒的 [构词法]-some为形容词后缀，常用于名词等后构成形容词，表示“引起(或易于)……的”。 ⑥have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 tendency/'tendənsi/n.倾向 ⑦superb/sjuː'pɜːb/adj.极好的，卓越的 superb player杰出的运动员 ⑧recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推荐某人/某物 recommend vt.推荐，举荐，介绍 ⑨eyesight/'aɪsaɪt/n.视力 have good/bad/poor eyesight视力好/不好/差 ⑩relate/rɪ'leɪt/vi.理解；相联系 ⑪technique/tek'niːk/n.技巧，手法 marketing technique营销技巧 ⑫straightforward/ˌstreɪt'fɔːwəd/adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的 straightforwardly adv.直截了当地；坦率地 ⑬initially/ɪ'nɪʃəli/adv.起初 initial/ɪ'nɪʃl/adj.最初的，开始的，第一的(仅作前置定语) ⑭excitement/ɪk'saɪtmənt/n.兴奋，激动 in excitement兴奋地 ⑮hold up举起，抬起 ⑯well　熟词生义n.井，水井 ⑰stream/striːm/n.水流 ⑱flow vi.流，流动 ⑲liquid/'lɪkwɪd/n.液体 ⑳precious/'preʃəs/adj.宝贵的 ㉑grasp/ɡrɑːsp/vt.理解，领会 ㉒be eager to do sth渴望做某事 ㉓gradual/'ɡrædʒuəl/adj.逐渐的，逐步的 ㉔painful/'peɪnfəl/adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的 painful experience/memory痛苦的经历/回忆 ㉕enthusiastic/ɪnˌθjuːzi'æstɪk/adj.热心的，热衷的 be enthusiastic about sb/sth对某人/某事热心 be enthusiastic about doing sth对做某事有热情 ㉖vocabulary/və'kæbjʊləri/n.词汇量 large/wide/extensive vocabulary大量的/丰富的/广泛的词汇量 limited/small vocabulary有限的/小的词汇量 ㉗expand/ɪk'spænd/vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加 ㉘complex/'kɒmpleks/adj.复杂的；难以理解的 ㉙gently/'dʒentli/adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 gentle adj.文静的；慈祥的；温柔的 ㉚apparent/ə'pærənt/adj.显而易见的；明白的 be apparent to sb对某人来说明白易懂/显而易见 [近义]obvious adj.明显的，显然的，易理解的 ㉛sweetness n．甜，芬芳 ㉜the sun's rays太阳的光线 ray/reɪ/n.(太阳或月亮的)光线 ㉝confused/kən'fjuːzd/adj.困惑的(用于修饰人) confusing/kən'fjuːzɪŋ/adj.难以理解的，不清楚的(用于修饰物) confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑 ㉞disappointed/ˌdɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/adj.失望的，沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的，令人沮丧的，令人扫兴的(用于修饰物) ㉟abstract concept 抽象的概念 abstract/'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的 concept/'kɒnsept/n.概念；想法 ㊱breakthrough/'breɪkθruː/n.突破；重大进展 make/achieve a breakthrough作出/取得突破性进展 ㊲forehead/'fɔːhed/n.额，前额 ㊳in/like a flash转瞬间，立即 ㊴in a/one way 在某种程度上，不完全地 ㊵vivid/'vɪvɪd/adj.生动的，逼真的 vivid memory清晰的记忆 vividly adv.清晰地，生动地 ◎ Helen Keller was an exceptionally① special girl.By the time she was seven years old，she still couldn't speak，read or write and needed to have everything done [1] for her.This was because she couldn't see or hear.With these severe② restrictions③ to her communication，Helen's behaviour was often unbearable④.She was sometimes troublesome⑤，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to⑥ break things when no one understood her. [1]画线部分为“have sth done”结构，意为“要别人为自己做某事”。 学生用书↓第48页 Helen's parents got a superb⑦ teacher recommended to⑧ them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.[2] Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston.She'd had eyesight⑨ problems early in life as well so she could relate⑩ to Helen's difficulties. [2]本句为简单句。a woman named Anne Sullivan作名词短语a superb teacher的同位语。 Anne's technique⑪ to teach Helen language was simple and straightforward⑫.Anne spelt words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words.She started with the word “doll”．She would let Helen play with the doll，and then spell the letters “D-O-L-L” on her hand.When they initially⑬ did this，Helen thought it was a game.She wrote about her excitement⑭ later in her book，The Story of My life： “Running downstairs to my mother[3]，I held up⑮ my hand and made the letters for ‘doll’．I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed；I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation.” [3]画线部分为动词-ing形式短语作状语，run与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。 When they were at the well⑯ one day，Anne put one of Helen's hands under the stream⑰ of water.As the water flowed⑱ over Helen's hand，Anne spelt out “W-A-T-E-R” into Helen's other hand.As Anne wrote on Helen's hand，Helen suddenly realised that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid⑲flowing over her hand [4]．This precious⑳ knowledge gave her hope and joy.Finally，she got the world of words opened up to her. [4]画线部分为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词liquid，flow与其逻辑主语liquid之间为主谓关系。 Now that Helen grasped㉑ the key to language [5]，she was very eager to㉒ learn more and use it as much as she could.Children who can see and hear learn language easily，but for Helen，it was a gradual㉓and sometimes painful㉔ process.However，because Helen was so enthusiastic㉕ about learning，the results were amazing. [5]画线部分为Now that引导的原因状语从句。 学生用书↓第49页 As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary㉖ expanded㉗，she asked more and more questions.This soon led her to discover more complex㉘ words and changed her thinking process.Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.This is how she described it in her book[6]： [6]画线部分为how引导的表语从句，how在该从句中作状语。 “I remember the morning that I first asked the meaning of the word‘love’．This was before I knew many words. I had found a few early violets in the garden and brought them to my teacher...Miss Sullivan put her arm gently㉙ round me and wrote on my hand，‘I love Helen.’‘What is love？’I asked. She drew me closer to her and said，‘It is here，’pointing to my heart...Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.”[7] [7]本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，其中包含一个unless引导的条件状语从句。 Although the meaning of love was still not apparent㉚ to Helen，she kept on trying to understand it.“I smelt the violets in her hand and asked，half in words，half in signs，a question which meant，‘Is love the sweetness㉛ of flowers？’‘No，’said my teacher.” When Helen and Anne were outside one day，Helen felt the warmth of the sun's rays㉜.She pointed up and asked if that was love.When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused㉝ and disappointed㉞.“I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.”[8] [8]画线部分中it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语。 The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen because it is such an abstract concept㉟.However，one day as she was working on a simple task，she had a breakthrough㊱.She was making necklaces with the help of Anne when she noticed that she had made some mistakes.Because she was uncertain how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.As she did this，Anne touched Helen's forehead㊲ and wrote the word “think” on her hand.“In a flash㊳ I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.” 学生用书↓第50页 It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word[9]—a word for something she couldn't touch.At that moment，her mind returned to the word “love”．As she thought about its meaning again，the sun came out.She pointed to the sun and asked her teacher again if that was love.Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds in a way㊴. [9]画线部分为“It is/was the first/second/...time (that)...”句型，意为“这/那是第一/二/……次做某事”。 “You cannot touch the clouds，you know；but you feel the rain...You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.” In that vivid㊵ moment，Helen finally understood the beautiful truth of the word “love”. ◎ 海伦·凯勒是一个非常特殊的女孩。直到她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。这是因为她看不见也听不见。这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。海伦有时很烦人、固执而且易怒。如果没有人能理解她的意思，她就有可能会摔东西。 海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。安妮曾是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师，也曾在那儿上过学。她小时候视力也有障碍，所以能理解海伦的困境。 安妮教海伦学习语言的方法简单明了。她在海伦手上拼写单词，使海伦在脑海中形成单词(表示)的画面。安妮给海伦拼写的第一个词是“doll”。她先让海伦和洋娃娃玩耍，然后在海伦的手上拼写“D-O-L-L”。刚开始海伦以为这是在玩游戏。后来在《我的生活》一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情： “我跑下楼去见我母亲，举起手来，给她拼写字母组成‘doll’。可我那时并不知道自己在拼写单词，甚至压根不知道词汇的存在。我仅仅是亦步亦趋地用手指模仿老师。” 一天，她们在井边，安妮把海伦的一只手放在水流下。当水流过海伦的手掌时，安妮在她的另一只手掌中拼写“W-A-T-E-R”。安妮在海伦手上拼写的时候，海伦突然明白，手指的动作代表的是流过自己手掌的清凉的液体。这宝贵的知识给她带来了希望和快乐。终于，她打开了语言世界的大门。 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。看得见、听得见的孩子学起语言来很容易，但对海伦来说，学习语言是个渐进的过程，有时会很痛苦。然而，由于海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。 随着海伦知识面和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。这很快使她学会了更复杂的单词，从而改变了她的思维过程。她很清楚地记得努力学习“love”这个单词的难忘经历。她在书中这样描述道： 学生用书↓第51页 “我记得有一天早上，我第一次问‘love’这个词的含义。那时我的词汇量还很有限。我在花园里发现了几朵早开的紫罗兰，摘下来带给老师……莎莉文老师温柔地搂着我，在我的手上写着：‘我爱海伦。’‘什么是爱？’我问道。她把我拉到身边，指着我的心脏说，‘爱在这里。’她的话令我非常困惑，因为以往我只有触碰到实物才能理解它的意思。” 尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。“我闻了闻她手里的紫罗兰，半拼写半比划地问了个问题，意思是‘爱是花朵的香味吗？’‘不，’我的老师回答道。” 一天和老师在室外，海伦感受到了阳光的温暖。她指了指太阳，问老师那是不是爱，老师说不是，海伦感到困惑且失望。“我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。” “think”这个词对海伦来说也很难(理解)，因为它是一个如此抽象的概念。然而有一天，当她在做一项简单的任务时，她取得了突破。她正在安妮的帮助下做项链，这时她发现自己弄错了一部分。由于海伦不确定该如何解决，便停下来认真思考。在她思考的时候，安妮点了点海伦的额头，在她的手上写下“think”这个词。“瞬间我就明白了，我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。” 那是海伦第一次明白一个如此复杂的词语的意思——一个(代表)她触摸不到的东西的词语。那时，海伦又想起了“love”。她再次思考“love”是什么意思，恰巧这时太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳又问老师那是不是爱。安妮向海伦解释道，爱在某种程度上就像太阳和云彩。 “你知道，你摸不到云彩，但是你能感觉到雨……你也触摸不到爱，但是你能感觉到爱给万物带来的甜蜜。没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。” 就在那个动人的时刻，海伦终于明白了“love”这个词语蕴含的美丽的真谛。 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．an eyesight test 视力测试 2．marketing techniques 营销技巧 3．a straightforward process 简单的过程 4．a lovely doll 一个可爱的玩偶 5．a small stream 一条小溪 6．from liquid to steam 从液体到蒸气 7．have a wide vocabulary 词汇量大 8．the sun's rays 太阳的光线 9．a diamond necklace 一条钻石项链 10．have a scar on his forehead 在他的前额上有个伤疤 ◎核心单词——练通 1．a growing tendency 日益增长的趋势 2．a superb player 一名杰出的运动员 3．precious memories 珍贵的回忆 4. grasp the importance of his words 理解他的话的重要性 5．the complex structure 错综复杂的构造 6. abstract principles 抽象的原理 7．the concept of social class 社会等级的概念 8．a major breakthrough 重要突破 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.例外的 2．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→bear vt.忍受→bearable adj.可忍受的 3．tendency n．倾向→tend vi.倾向；趋于vt.照顾；照料 4．relate vi.理解；相联系→related adj.有关系的；有关联的→relation n．关系 5．initially adv.起初→initial adj.起初的 6．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的 7．imitation n．模仿，仿效→imitate v．模仿，仿效 学生用书↓第52页 8.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地 9．painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→pain n．痛苦→painfully adv.令人痛苦地；困难地；疼痛地 10．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 11．expand vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大 12．gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地→gentle adj.温和的 13．puzzle vt.使困惑；使迷惑→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 14．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的→apparently adv.显然 15．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n．失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的 16．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的→vividly adv.生动地 规律探究·知识横拓 1．规律：动词后跟-ence变成名词 insist vi.坚称；坚持主张＋ence→insistence n．坚称；坚持主张 例如：existence n．存在；生存 defence n．防御；辩护 difference n．不同　dependence n．依赖，依存 2．规律：动词后跟-sion变成名词 expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加＋sion→expansion n．扩大 例如：impression n．印象　conclusion n．结论 discussion n．讨论　decision n．决定 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．涉及，有关；理解 relate to 2．盼望，渴望要做…… be eager to 3．影响，对……起作用；继续工作；从事于…… work on 4．在……的帮助下 with the help of 5．在那时刻，就在那时 at that moment 6．出现；出版；结果是 come out 第二组　英译汉 7．have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 8．as well 也；同样地；此外 9．hold up 举起；阻挡 10．open up to 对……开放 11．point to 指向；表明 12．point up 强调 13．in a flash 瞬间；立刻 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止”。 教材原句　By the time she was seven years old (到她七岁时)，she still couldn't speak，read or write and needed to have everything done for her. 2．句型公式　This/That is/was because...意为“这/那是因为……”。 教材原句　This was because she couldn't see or hear (这是因为她看不见也听不见)． 3．句型公式　now that引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。 教材原句　Now that Helen grasped the key to language (既然海伦理解了语言的关键)，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 4．句型公式　it作形式宾语 教材原句　I thought it strange that (觉得很奇怪) my teacher could not show me love. 5．句型公式　It was the first time (that) sb had done sth意为“这是某人第一次做某事。” 教材原句　It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word (这是海伦第一次明白那么复杂的一个单词)—a word for something she couldn't touch. 学生用书↓第53页 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 tendency n．倾向 (教材原句)She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her. 她有时很烦人，固执而且易怒，当没有人理解她的时候，她就有可能会摔东西。 (1)a tendency to/towards sth ……的倾向 have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事 (2)tend vi.&vt. 倾向，趋于；照料 tend to do sth 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事 tend to/towards sth 倾向于某事 tend (to) sb/sth 照管某人/物 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①I tend to make (make) mistakes when I'm angry. ②Students in middle schools tend to/towards passive resistance. ③With the help of great resources，I found my son had the tendency to see (see) the worst in every situation. ④Every time I tried to sleep or tend to housework，horrible thoughts crept into my mind. →Every time I tried to sleep or have a tendency to housework，horrible thoughts crept into my mind. relate vi.理解；相联系 (教材原句)She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties. 她小时候也有视力问题，所以她能理解海伦的困难。 (1)be related to 与……有关系 relate ...to/with ... 把……与……联系起来 relate to ... 和……有关联；和……合得来 (2)in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比 have no relation to 与……没关系 单句语法填空/应用文写作之电子邮件 ①It's well-known that some diseases relate to air pollution. ②The position calls for related (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers. ③Having worked at a small food store for two years，I thought I had become successful at what our manager called“customer relations (relate)”．(精彩结尾) ④Knowing that you are fascinated by our traditional Chinese Spring Festival，I'm writing to tell you something related to/in/with relation to it. 知道你对我们中国传统的春节很着迷，我写信想告诉你一些与此相关的事情。 excitement n．激动，兴奋 (教材原句)She wrote about her excitement later in her book...后来她在书中写下了她的兴奋之情…… (1)excite vt. 使激动，使兴奋 (2)excited adj. 兴奋的，激动的 be excited at/by/about 对……感到激动/兴奋 be excited to do sth 对做某事感到兴奋 be excited that... 感到激动/兴奋的是…… (3)exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 单句语法填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①We are all excited at/about/by your success in the experiment. ②With each basketball hoop and swing set we passed，my excitement (excite) grew.(心理描写) 学生用书↓第54页 ③I'm so excited to hear (hear) that you' re coming to China！(电子邮件) ④Mary suddenly had an exciting (excite) idea，she whispered to herself，“I love stories! I want to be a storyteller！”(心理语言描写) ⑤Everyone was excited that the tour was going to finally happen. 每个人都很兴奋，这次旅行终于发生了。 【温馨提示】　excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态；exciting表示“令人激动的”，是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物，如excited look/expression等。 enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的 (教材原句)However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.然而，由于海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。 (1)be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心 (3)enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热心地 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①Last Sunday，our school held a 5km cross-country running race，which attracted many enthusiastic (enthusiasm) participants，including both students and teachers. ②With days going by，our passion drove her forward and she was willing to embrace us enthusiastically (enthusiastic)． ③Though she has been teaching English for twenty years，she is still enthusiastic about teaching． 尽管她教了二十年英语，她仍然对教学充满热情。 apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的 (教材原句)Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen，she kept on trying to understand it. 尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。 (1)It is apparent that ... 显然…… for no apparent reason 不知什么原因 (2)apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 as is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart above ...正如上面图画/图表明显展示/陈述的那样…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Apparently (apparent)，Elli kept a much clearer head facing this critical situation. ②It is apparent that my roommate didn't seem to be on the same page with me. 显然，我的室友似乎和我不一样。(精彩开头) ③As is apparently shown in the chart above，there are about 10% students supporting the idea. 正如上面图表中明显展示的那样，大约10%的学生支持这种观点。(看图写作) disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (教材原句)When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed. 当她的老师说不是的时候，她感到困惑和失望。 [词汇助记] From his disappointed voice on the phone I know what his son did disappointed him；in other words，his son is disappointing. 从他在电话里失望的声音中，我知道他的儿子做的事让他失望；换句话说，他的儿子令人失望。 (1)be disappointed with... 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做……感到失望 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望，使扫兴 (3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的 (4)disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事 to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 学生用书↓第55页 单句语法填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①Disappointed (disappoint) and desperate，I called my mom and dad to help me. ②I am a little bit careless，which creates embarrassing moments or disappointing (disappoint) performance. ③令我失望的是，我所有的朋友都在炫耀他们收到的礼物，这让我感到有点羡慕。 →To my disappointment，all my friends were showing off the presents they had received，which made me feel a little envious.(disappointment) →What disappointed me was that all my friends were showing off the presents they had received，which made me feel a little envious.(disappoint) 认知深化 1．一词多义——abstract A．v.摘取　B．adj.抽象的　C．n.抽象概念 ①It's the abstract that is called system analysis. C ②She abstracted the main points from the argument. A ③The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms. B 2．熟词生义 ①I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.v.详述 ②This is just one of a whole complex of issues.n.相关联的一组事物 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：by the time引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)By the time she was seven years old，she still couldn't speak，read or write and needed to have everything done for her. 直到她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。 句中by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候为止”。 (1)by the time＋一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时； by the time＋一般现在时，主句常用一般将来时或将来完成时。 (2)“by＋表过去的时间”作状语时，谓语用过去完成时；“by＋表将来的时间”作状语时，谓语用一般将来时或将来完成时。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之活动介绍 ①By the time you receive this letter，I will have left (leave) this city for my hometown. ②By the end of last month，the new building had been completed (complete) ahead of time. ③By the time the activity ends，we will have learned a lot about traditional Chinese culture. 到活动结束时，我们将学到许多关于中国传统文化方面的知识。 句型公式：It was the＋序数词＋time (that) sb had done sth某人第几次做某事 (教材原句)It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch. 那是海伦第一次明白复杂词语的意思——一个她触摸不到的抽象词语。 本句为主从复合句，其中包含“It is/was the first/second/...time(that)．..”句型，表示“这/那是第一/二……次……”。 (1)It/This/That is the first/second/third...time that sb have done sth这是某人第……次做某事 It/This/That was the first/second/third...time that sb had done sth这是某人第……次做某事 (2)It's time (for sb) to do sth 该是(某人)做某事的时候了 It's (about/high) time (that)＋主语＋should do/did sth 到了……该做某事的时候了 (3)the first/second/third...time 可用作连词，引导时间状语从句 学生用书↓第56页 单句语法填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①It is the first time that he has come (come)late for such an important meeting. ②It's high time we took/should take (take)immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted. ③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw (see) him. ④Mary was anxious and began to tremble.After all，it was the first time that she had been on the stage. 玛丽很着急，开始发抖。毕竟，这是她第一次登上舞台。 课时测评9　Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语及首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．This technique (技巧) is useful but it has its limitations. 2．A small baby has no concept (概念) of right and wrong. 3．There was a small stream (水流) at the end of the garden. 4．Water exists in three states：liquid (液体)，gas，and solid. 5．The reasons for this behavior are fairly straightforward (简单的)． 6．With superb (卓越的) skill，he managed to make a perfect landing. 7．He suffered from poor eyesight (视力) and could no longer read properly. 8．Each computer language has its own syntax and vocabulary (词汇量)． 9．They failed to grasp the importance of his words. 10．Our aim is to simplify the complex social security system. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The sense of happiness is of great significance (significant)． 2．His story is consistent with the evidence we have gathered. 3．The little girl can't wait to open her gift with excitement (excite)． 4．Hearing the words，a wide disappointment (disappoint) took hold of Tom. 5．I reached forward and gently (gentle) moved my hand over the elephant's neck. 6．There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. 7．The restriction (restrict) will operate between 6：30 a．m.and 9 p．m.every day. 8．Last year，neither the experts nor the physician was enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease. 9．I am strongly eager to know (know) which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most. 10．The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made (make) full use of to do the work well. 维度三　完成句子/同义句转换(每小题2分，共10分) 1．By the time he was five，he had learned how to play the piano.(by the time) 在他五岁时，他已学会了如何弹钢琴。 2．It was the first time that she had ever left China．(it was the first time that) 这是她第一次离开中国。 3．Now that you've got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.(now that) 既然你得到了一次机会，你最好充分利用它。 4．Do depend on it that he will make us proud some day.(it作形式宾语) 一定要相信他总有一天会让我们引以为豪。 5．The reason why you have become overweight and unhealthy is that you lack exercise and have an unhealthy lifestyle. →You have become overweight and unhealthy，and that is because you lack exercise and have an unhealthy lifestyle.(用“This/That is/was because...”改写句子) 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a child，Helen Keller was considered to be an exceptionally special girl.She couldn't see or hear.As a result，she was 1.unable (able) to speak，read or write.With so many 2.restrictions (restrict) to her，the girl tended to lose temper when she couldn't make herself 3.understood (understand)． 4.Luckily (lucky)，her life came to a great change when Helen met a superb teacher Anne Sullivan.Anne Sullivan 5.was invited (invite) to Helen's home to help educate the little girl.6.To help (help) the girl learn words，Sullivan first got the little girl to touch the real object and then taught her the word.However，it wasn't easy for her to teach the abstract words，like “love” and “think”，7.which Helen cannot touch.There was a time when Helen thought how to fix some mistakes，and Sullivan took the chance to teach her the abstract concept “think”．It was the first time Helen 8.had realised (realise) the meaning of such a complicated word.For the word “love”，the teacher explained it by giving an example of the relationship between the clouds 9.and the rain.With the help of 10.the patient teacher，Helen finally grasped those complex words. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A Studies show that reading for pleasure makes a big difference to children's educational performance.Evidence suggests that children who read for enjoyment every day not only perform better in reading tests than those who don't，but also develop a broader vocabulary，increased general knowledge and a better understanding of other cultures. In fact，reading for pleasure is more likely to determine whether a child does well at school than their social or economic background. Parents are the most important educators in a child's life—even more important than their teachers—and it's never too early to start reading together.Even before they're born，babies learn to recognize their parents' voices.Reading to your baby from birth，even for just a few minutes a day，gives them the comfort of hearing your voice and increases their communication with language. Learning to read is about listening and understanding as well as working out what's printed on the page.Through hearing stories，children are in a wide range of words.This helps them build their own vocabulary，which is important as they start to read.It's important for them to understand how stories work too.Even if your child doesn't understand every word，they'll hear new sounds，words and phrases which they can then try out，copying what they have heard. As children start to learn to read at school，you can play an important role in helping to keep them interested in books.Find out what interests them，help them to find books that will be fun and spend time reading the books they bring home from school together. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读会给孩子们带来益处。文章鼓励父母从小和孩子一起阅读，培养阅读习惯。 1．What will reading do to children? A．Make them smarter. B．Improve their social skills. C．Ensure their health. D．Improve their performance at school. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Studies show that reading for pleasure makes a big difference to children's educational performance.”可知，阅读能帮助孩子们提高学业成绩。故选D。 2．What is more important to determine a child's performance at school according to the text? A．Social skills. B．Social background. C．Reading for fun. D．Economic background. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，因乐趣而阅读更可能决定孩子在学校的表现。故选C。 3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Few. B．Many. C．New. D．Strange. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“Through hearing stories，children are in a wide range of words.This helps them build their own vocabulary，which is important as they start to read.”可知，听故事能帮助孩子们扩大词汇，这对他们阅读很重要，故画线词的意思是“很多”。故选B。 4．How can parents help children when they start to learn to read at school? A．Find their interest. B．Work out with them. C．Buy more books for them. D．Keep their interest in reading. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当孩子们开始在学校学习阅读时，父母可以在帮助他们保持对书籍的兴趣方面发挥重要作用，帮助发现他们的兴趣。故选A。 B (2024·河南信阳高中高二期末) To encourage all students to get an education，even if their parents can't afford it，a primary school in the Indian state of Chahattisgarh is asking parents to simply plant saplings (树苗) instead of paying school fees.The parents have to take care of the sapling and plant a new one if it dies.Compared with the cost of traditional school fees，it's a small price to pay.And it comes with the added bonus of helping improve local air quality. The school is Shiksha Kuteer in the city of Ambikapur in the east of the country.It is reported that at least 35 students between the ages of five and six are studying there.The initiative was set up by a group of local professionals and business owners in response to India's rapidly increasing education fees.“Shiksha Kuteer has opened in the village for students who have no money to pay fees，” local villager Sevak Das said. The government now spends just 3.9 percent of its budget on education，which means parents are left to pay for high school fees，as well as paying for books and other school things.A national survey made last year showed that between 2011 and 2017，private expenditure (支出) increased by 175 percent to $100 per student each year.That might not sound like a lot，but for many families，particularly in poor areas，it's not affordable，especially at the primary school level.The lack of government spending is damaging the education system，too.The 2017 Annual Status of Education report found that nearly 20 percent of Grade 2 students，aged seven to eight，didn't recognize the numbers between one and nine. But by offering such a way to get students into schools，Shiksha Kuteer is encouraging education in everyone.700 saplings have been planted across the village over the last year and more and more people in other areas would like to adopt such an approach. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了印度恰蒂斯加尔邦的一所小学Shiksha Kuteer让学生父母用植树的方式来抵学费，通过这样的方式达到鼓励学生接受教育的目的。 5．Which of the following can best describe Shiksha Kuteer's approach? A．No pain，no gain. B．Kill two birds with one stone. C．Two heads are better than one. D．There are two sides to every question. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“To encourage all students to get an education...instead of paying school fees.”和“Compared with the cost of...improve local air quality.”可推知，Shiksha Kuteer学校的做法不仅帮助家长节省了学费，而且改善了当地的空气质量，所以，这是一举两得(Kill two birds with one stone)的好事。故选B项。 6．What can we learn about Shiksha Kuteer? A．It is surrounded by trees. B．It is run by the locals. C．It was set up for poor children. D．It aims to protect the environment. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Shiksha Kuteer has opened in the village for students who have no money to pay fees，’ local villager Sevak Das said.”可知，Shiksha Kuteer是为贫困儿童设立的学校。故选C项。 7．What is the locals' attitude towards Shiksha Kuteer? A．Cautious. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Positive. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中“‘Shiksha Kuteer has opened in the village for students who have no money to pay fees，’ local villager Sevak Das said.”和最后一段中“700 saplings have been planted...adopt such an approach.”可推知，对于专为贫困儿童设立的Shiksha Kuteer学校，当地人持积极态度，并参与其中。故选D项。 8．What does the text mainly tell us? A．The affordable way to encourage education in India. B．The heavy financial burden on parents in India. C．The big challenges of improving India's education system. D．The effects of the Indian government spending little on education. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了印度恰蒂斯加尔邦的一所小学Shiksha Kuteer让学生父母用植树的方式来抵学费，通过这样的方式达到鼓励学生接受教育的目的，所以本文主要介绍了印度一种实惠的、鼓励教育的方式。故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) How to Efficiently Prepare for a Test Exam taking is a demanding process.Preparing for it is even more challenging.Sometimes you have that eagerness to stay glued onto the books and try to input everything into your brain. 1 Here are some tips in better preparing for a test. 2 Reviewing is useless if your heart is not into it.Focus and maintain that drive to prepare for the exam.Also，take note of your reasons for scoring highly in the exam.Give yourself multiple positive objectives.It is like setting the mood for it. After motivating yourself，check how reliable your memory is.It can come in handy if you have lots of concepts to remember.Every day make it a point to memorize at least ten terms. 3 If you have the materials，try to summarize them by listing down important points.Gather lessons，notes，and books about the subject you are to take an exam for. 4 It does not only test your skill in memory recall，but it also measures how well you have been studying. When you study，choose the perfect time and place for you where there are no distractions. Likewise，you must determine your learning style.You might find it more comfortable studying in the library than at your own home. Remember that reviewing allows you to recount the lessons and process them more systematically. 5 When you know you have studied well，then you wouldn't really have to worry about taking the test. A．Add more terms as the days succeed. B．Take memory-enhancing games and puzzles. C．One of the most important things is to motivate yourself. D．So give yourself enough time in studying，and beat the nervousness. E．Reread your notes and try to recall how they were discussed by your professor. F．But other times you just don't know what to do with the loads of lessons to study about. G．You wouldn't expect yourself to be mentally and physically prepared for the test as well. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何高效地准备考试的方法。 1．答案：F 解析：根据空前“Sometimes you have that eagerness to stay glued onto the books and try to input everything into your brain.”可知，前面说到了考前的一种备考形式，下面要说其他情况下你的做法。F项中的other times和上文的Sometimes形成对比。故选F。 2．答案：C 解析：根据空后“Give yourself multiple positive objectives.It is like setting the mood for it.”可知，知识复习而不用心没有效果，要有积极的心情，设定积极的目标就是为了激励自己。故选C。 3．答案：A 解析：根据空前“Every day make it a point to memorize at least ten terms.”可知，然后逐渐增加任务，A项中terms和前面一致。故选A。 4．答案：E 解析：根据空前“Gather lessons，notes，and books about the subject you are to take an exam for.”和空后“It does not only test your skill in memory recall，but it also measures how well you have been studying.”可知，强调了复习笔记的好处。故选E。 5．答案：D 解析：根据空后“When you know you have studied well，then you wouldn't really have to worry about taking the test.”可知，充分准备就不会紧张。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·浙江台州高二期末) Museums inspire dreams—to become an astronaut，an 1. (astronomy)，or an aerospace engineer.But can they also help provide a pathway to those goals? For students seeing everything 2. dinosaurs to distant galaxies (星系) on a museum visit，the real-life applications of science，technology，engineering and mathematics are clear.The American Museum of Natural History doesn't want to just impress students.It aims to make those “wow” moments the first step toward 3. (develop) the future STEM leaders. 4. (start) building a career in STEM，students need hands-on experiences and a support network.They need a place 5. they feel comfortable while learning.AMNH uses its position as 6. out-of-school environment with collections，research tools，informal educators，and scientific staff.The museum trains its scientists to work with students 7. offers them year-long，scientist-mentored research opportunities.Students are provided with opportunities to present 8. (they) work to the public. Students thrive in the program.To date，over 1，000 students 9. (participate) in NASA-themed Science Research Mentoring Program courses，and they have published their work in journals and at conferences.They have gone on to college at a rate of almost 100 percent，with many 10. (active) involved in research at their schools. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是美国自然历史博物馆通过开展活动给学生提供实现成为宇航员、天文学家或航天工程师的梦想的途径。 1．答案：astronomer 解析：考查词性转换。an后跟可数名词的单数形式，此处意为“天文学家”，故填astronomer。 2．答案：from 解析：考查介词。from...to...是固定短语，意为“从……到……”，故填from。 3．答案：developing 解析：考查非谓语动词。toward是介词，其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填developing。 4．答案：To start 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，句子表示“要开始在STEM领域建立职业生涯，学生需要实践经验和支持网络”，空格处用动词不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填To start。 5．答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词place并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 6．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。environment是泛指，前面要加不定冠词，out-of-school发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 7．答案：and 解析：考查连词。“trains its scientists to work with students”和“offers them year-long，scientist-mentored research opportunities”是并列关系，而且句子是肯定句，因此用and连接，故填and。 8．答案：their 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句子表示“学生有机会向公众展示他们的作品”，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词work，故填their。 9．答案：have participated 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由To date可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语students是复数，故填have participated。 10．答案：actively 解析：考查词性转换。空格处用副词修饰动词involved，active的副词是actively，意为“积极地”，故填actively。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$