Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS Section Ⅲ　Grammar 过去完成时 内容索引 品语篇　初识语法 1 巧点拨　精研语法 2 课时测评 3 品语篇　初识语法 返回 　　Last night，after I had finished① supper，I went to the cinema with Li Hua. When we got to the cinema，the film hadn’t begun②，but most of the audience had taken③ their seats. After the film began，the audience quieted down immediately. 　　It was the first time that I had seen④ this new type of film，so I watched it especially attentively. When the movie was over，it had already been⑤10 o’clock at night. The bus had stopped⑥ with very few pedestrians on the streets. Li Hua and I had to walk home，and we talked about the movie we had just watched⑦. Finally，I will give my comment：this was the best film I had ever seen⑧ and I hadn’t thought⑨ it would be so attractive. 语法串烧 1．________处表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导时间状语从句。 2．______处用于固定句型“It/This/That was the first/second/... time that...意为“这/那是第一/二/……次……” 3．____处表示过去未曾实现的想法。 我的发现 返回 ①②⑤ ④⑧ ⑨ 巧点拨　精研语法 返回 一、过去完成时的构成和主要用法 1．构成： 肯定句 主语＋had＋动词-ed形式 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋动词-ed形式 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋动词-ed形式 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋动词-ed形式 被动语态 主语＋had＋been＋动词-ed形式 She said she had been to Paris before. 她说她以前去过巴黎。 The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war by then. 到那时这个国家尚未从战争的影响中恢复过来。 Had you ever visited the Great Wall before the middle school? 在上高中前你参观过长城吗？ Why had the film become a memory of generation? 为什么这部电影成为一代人的记忆？ My homework had been finished when my father came back home last night. 昨天晚上当我的父亲回到家时，我的家庭作业已经完成了。 2．主要用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、by the end of、by the time等介词(短语)和before、when、until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 上周三以前他们已经种了六百棵树。 By the end of last month，the new building had been completed ahead of time. 到上个月底，新大楼已经提前完工了。 (2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。 (3)表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。 表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope、mean、want、think、expect、plan、intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 The Greens had intended to pay a visit to Xi’an but something unexpected came up.　格林一家本来打算去西安参观，但发生了意想不到的事情。 Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected． 和同事交朋友并不像他想象的那么容易。 巧学活用1——用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．My elder sister ____________(work)in the company for ten years before she changed her job. 2．I ____________(think)we were going to win，but to my disappointment，we were defeated by another team. 3．By the end of last month，we ______________(finish)half of the project. had worked had thought had finished 二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 1．在no sooner... than...、hardly... when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us. 他一到北京就来看我们了。 The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly. 女孩刚按响铃，门就突然被打开了。 2．在“It was the first/second/... time that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 3.在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 巧学活用2——单句语法填空 1．Hardly _____ he arrived in Shanghai when he rang me up. 2．He said that he __________ (tell)Mary about the meeting already. 3．If you _________________(not watch)that late movie last night，you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. 4．It was the first time that the baby ___________ (come)down with the flu，causing severe symptoms. 5．I ____________ (intend)to say hello to Linda，but she got into her car and drove off before I could say a word. had had told hadn’t watched had come had intended 三、过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的。 一般过去时 以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响。 现在完成时 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。 He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company. 在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。 He once worked on a farm for 10 years，and now he is the manager of the company. 他曾经在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 I haven’t seen her since she went abroad five years ago. 自从5年前她出国以来我就没有见过她。 温馨提示 (1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、then、but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He entered the room，turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 He said he went to the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 (2)当一个由before、after、as soon as等引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercise. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他刚到月台时火车就要走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 巧学活用3——单句语法填空 1．I closed the window and then ______(leave)the room. 2．John told me that he ______________(graduate)from university three years before. 3．With the aid of our English teacher，we ___________(make)great progress this term. left had graduated have made 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Nina opened the door and ______(go)out with her little dog. 2．When I got on the bus，I realized I _________(leave)my textbook at home. 3．I ______________(intend)to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor. 4．We _________(have)the car for eight years before we sold it last week. 5．By the end of last week，they ___________(finish)80 percent of the work. 语境基础练 went had left had intended had had had finished 6．He once _______(work)as a teacher for 5 years，but now he is a successful manager. 7．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I __________ (not see) for years. 8．I arrived at the office in the morning and found that somebody ___________ (break)into the office during the night. 9．By the time Jack returned home from England，his son _______________ (graduate) from college. 10．The man said the book _________________ (publish) several times by the end of last year. worked hadn’t seen had broken had graduated had been published 维度二　语法与写作(每小题2分，共10分) 1．他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。 They ____________________ but couldn’t get here in time. 2．很明显，他们都为比赛做了很好的准备。 It was obvious that all of them _____________________________ the contest. 3．那是我第一次参加这样有意义的活动。 It was the first time that I ______________________________________. had wanted to help had made good preparations for had taken part in such a meaningful activity 4．他的儿子跑去看秧苗。令他惊恐的是，它们都枯死了。 His son ran to look at the seedlings. To his horror，all of them _____________ and died. 5．我们刚坐好，怀特太太就进来了，手里拿着书和文件。 Hardly ________________________________________ Mrs. White came in，books and papers in her hand. had dried up had we settled down into our seats when 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) 用所给动词的适当形式完成语段 　　My friend，Andrew，1.___________ (live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and 2._____________ (plan) to settle down in the countryside. He 3._____ no sooner __________ (return) than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he 4._______ (begin) to complain about the weather，for it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine，Andrew got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end，it was more than he could bear. He 5._____ hardly _____ (have) time to settle down when he sold the house and 6.______ (leave) the countryside. The dream he 7._________ (have) for so many years ended there. Andrew made a big mistake because he 8._____________ (think) of everything except the weather. had lived had planned had returned began had had left had had had thought Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题4分，共32分) A (2024·河北保定市部分高中高二上期中) 　　Geoff Banks and Celesta Byrne met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and they still keep in touch with each other. 　　Centenarians (百岁老人)，Geoff Banks from Devon，Britain，and Celesta Byrne，from the US，started writing to each other at the age of 16 in 1938. The former engineer Geoff even kept in touch with Celesta during WWⅡ. They，now，can talk to each other on the Internet. 素能提升练 　　They recently had their first call giving Geoff a break from putting pen to paper that he said he found difficult at his age. Despite having chatted for decades，the pair have only ever met twice—first in 2002 while Geoff visited New York at the age of 80，and then again two years later. Celesta was living in New Jersey at that time，and then she moved to live near family in Texas. 　　Geoff said，“I had worked abroad for a number of years but had not been to the US for some time. Celesta was in New Jersey，so we decided to meet up in New York for a short Christmas trip. We just talked about daily lives and our families. In one of my early letters，I sent her a copy of a British paper in 1953 which had Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ’s coronation (加冕)on the front of it.” 　　Despite having such a special relationship，the pair deny there was ever any romance there. Both have been married，with Geoff’s wife having passed away in 2011. Geoff is now a great grandfather，having sadly survived his daughter but still having three sons scattered across the world and many more grandchildren. 　　They felt grateful to the educational project，which gave them the chance of being friends. They are friends，like people who live next door. They value their friendship and think it’s nice to hear friends’ voices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1938年，Geoff Banks和Celesta Byrne相识于一个教育项目。自那时起，他们一直保持着联系。 1．How did Geoff know Celesta? A．By a friend. B．By joining in a party. C．By surfing the Internet. D．By an educational program. 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Geoff和 Celesta相识于一个教育项目。故选D项。 √ 2．What was Geoff before he retired? A．A teacher. B．A mechanic. C．An engineer. D．A soldier. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Geoff曾是一名工程师。故选C项。 √ 3．Where did Celesta live when she met Geoff for the second time? A．In New York. B．In New Jersey. C．In Texas. D．In Devon. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite having chatted for decades... live near family in Texas.”可知，Geoff和Celesta只见过两次，第一次是在2002年，第二次是两年后，当时Celesta住在 New Jersey。故选B项。 √ 4．Which word can best describe the friendship between Geoff and Celesta? A．Lasting. B．Odd. C．Complex. D．Ordinary. 推理判断题。根据文章对这对百岁笔友关系的描述，如第二段“Centenarians (百岁老人)，Geoff Banks from Devon... can talk to each other on the Internet.”可推知，他们的友谊是长久的。故选A项。 √ B 　　Man’s relation with animals is very old. They can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. Man is the best creation and measure of all things. However，this kinship with animals is well established. Darwin believed that man has evolved from monkeys. Thus，they are our ancestors. 　　The friendship between man and animals is more reliable and lasting. Man’s friendship with man may not last long，but it is of permanent nature with the domesticated and pet animals. Domesticated creatures are never ungrateful. They will never turn hostile．That’s why they have been so useful to mankind and live in perfect harmony with us. 　　In western countries cats are very popular as pets，for they kill rats and other rodents and make a good constant company. Dogs are kept for protection and safety. They are matchless in faithfulness and loyalty. They help in hunting，in rearing sheep and in protecting properties. They also help in detecting and tracking thieves and criminals. They are trained for many other purposes as well，including being good guides and rescuing services. 　　Horses are domesticated，for they’re well-known for their speed，strength，faithfulness and an unerring road sense. They are dependable friends both in war and peace. Similarly，elephants have been great and reliable friends of mankind from immemorial times. An elephant is a very intelligent，brave，faithful and hardworking animal. Being an intelligent animal，it never forgets both the acts of kindness and acts of wrongdoing. 　　Donkeys，camels，yaks，bullocks are the beasts of burden. They serve us in a way that none can do. Similarly，the cow is raised for its milk，dung and hide. In western countries cow-meat is also eaten with relish(风味佐料). But in India cow is worshipped by the Hindu as mother and a symbol of holiness，care，affection and innocence. Monkeys are widely used in the discovery of medicines. Whenever a new medicine is discovered，it is first tried on them. 　　Really，these animals are great and reliable friends of ours，without which life would have lost half of its charm and usefulness. We should always be kind to them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人与动物是关系紧密的朋友。并且列举了猫、狗、马、大象等动物对人类所做的贡献，他们是人类可靠的朋友。 5．Why does the author mention Darwin in paragraph one? A．To illustrate humans have evolved from monkeys. B．To suggest Darwin was a highly accomplished biologist. C．To imply the relation between man and animals is close. D．To show the human civilization has a long history. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Man’s relation with animals is very old.”和“Thus，they are our ancestors.”可推知，这里引用达尔文的话是为了例证人与动物关系亲密。故选C项。 √ 6．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “hostile”？ A．Hospitable. B．Grateful. C．Agreeable. D．Aggressive. 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，这里是说动物与人类关系友好，他们与人类永远不会敌对，画线词与aggressive“好斗的，挑衅的”词义相近。故选D项。 √ 7．What can we know from the article? A．Dogs are domesticated simply to be pets for people. B．Elephants are so intelligent that they can’t be domesticated. C．Horses can find its way home because of their sound sense of direction. D．Cows are worshipped in India as well as in western countries. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，马因为准确的路感而闻名，由此可推知，马可以找到回家的路，因为它们的方向感良好。故选C项。 √ 8．Where can’t we read this passage? A．A science fiction. B．A textbook. C．A magazine. D．The Internet. 文章出处题。根据文章第二段第一句及最后一段“Really，these animals are great... its charm and usefulness.”可知，文章主要讲述了人和动物之间的友谊是可靠的，所以文章很有可能来自网络、课本或者杂志，不可能是出自一本科幻小说。故选A项。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·河南省开封市高二上学期11月期中) 　　The foundation of any happy relationship is good communication. It deepens the bond between partners by training understanding and trust. However，developing this skill requires both work and a readiness to be open with one another.　1　 　　Develop active listening.　2　 Giving your full attention to your partner and keeping eye contact are examples of active listening. Avoid asking questions or responding before they have completed speaking. To create a secure environment for real discussion，demonstrate empathy (共情)and understand their feelings. 　　　3　 Communication is more than just the words that you speak. Good communication takes place in body language，facial expressions，and the tone of voice. When talking about delicate subjects，be open-minded and convey your feelings with a respectful tone of voice. 　　Practice empathy and understanding. Empathy and understanding can go a long way in creating good communication.　4　 Empathy allows you to connect on a deeper level and creates an atmosphere of each other’s support. Engage with your partner without judgment and try to put yourself in their shoes. 　　Schedule regular conversations. Make time for regular conversations to talk about your relationship’s status.　5　 They are also a chance to recognize each other’s accomplishments as well as strengthen your emotional bond. 　　Relationship communication can be improved with work. Learning how to speak with empathy can help you build a solid foundation of trust and understanding. Stay committed to the journey of open communication，and you will find that your bond will grow stronger and deeper over time. A．Pay attention to non-verbal communication. B．Try to respect the other in your communication. C．In fact，a key part of good communication is listening. D．These purposeful discussions offer a chance to address your issues. E．While communicating，make sure that you understand every word the other said. F．Seek to understand your partner’s viewpoint and emotions，even when you disagree. G．Here are some tips to help communicate more effectively and strengthen your relationship. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了建立幸福关系，帮助有效沟通，提供了一些建议。 　　The foundation of any happy relationship is good communication. It deepens the bond between partners by training understanding and trust. However，developing this skill requires both work and a readiness to be open with one another. __________________________________________________ ___________________________ G．Here are some tips to help communicate more effectively and strengthen your relationship. 上文“The foundation of any happy... to be open with one another.”说明幸福关系的基础是良好的沟通，而沟通需要技巧，选项G“这里有一些建议可以帮助你更有效地沟通，加强你们的关系。”承接上文，引出下列各段内容。故选G项。 　　Develop active listening. _______________________________________ ___________ Giving your full attention to your partner and keeping eye contact are examples of active listening. Avoid asking questions or responding before they have completed speaking. To create a secure environment for real discussion，demonstrate empathy (共情)and understand their feelings. C．In fact，a key part of good communication is listening. 本段主题句“Develop active listening.”说明本段建议积极倾听，选项C“事实上，良好沟通的一个关键部分是倾听。”承接上文，强调良好的沟通关键是倾听。选项中listening和上文词汇重叠，语义一致，故选C项。 　　________________________________________ Communication is more than just the words that you speak. Good communication takes place in body language，facial expressions，and the tone of voice. When talking about delicate subjects，be open-minded and convey your feelings with a respectful tone of voice. A．Pay attention to non-verbal communication. 下文“Communication is more than just the words that you speak. Good communication takes place in body language，facial expressions，and the tone of voice.”说明良好的沟通需要肢体语言等非语言的交流，选项A“注意非语言交流。”引领下文，点明本段主题。故选A项。 　　Practice empathy and understanding. Empathy and understanding can go a long way in creating good communication. _______________________________ ____________________________________________ Empathy allows you to connect on a deeper level and creates an atmosphere of each other’s support. Engage with your partner without judgment and try to put yourself in their shoes. F．Seek to understand your partner’s viewpoint and emotions，even when you disagree. 上文“Empathy and understanding can go a long way in creating good communication.”及下文“Engage with your partner without judgment and try to put yourself in their shoes.”说明要有同理心并且理解对方，设身处地为他们着想，选项F“试着去理解你伴侣的观点和情感，即使你不同意。”承上启下，说明了即使不同意，也要理解对方的观点和情感，语义一致，故选F项。 　　Schedule regular conversations. Make time for regular conversations to talk about your relationship’s status. ___________________________________________ ______________________________They are also a chance to recognize each other’s accomplishments as well as strengthen your emotional bond. 　　Relationship communication can be improved with work. Learning how to speak with empathy can help you build a solid foundation of trust and understanding. Stay committed to the journey of open communication，and you will find that your bond will grow stronger and deeper over time. D．These purposeful discussions offer a chance to address your issues. 上文“Make time for regular conversations to talk about your relationship’s status.”建议要抽时间沟通关系状况，选项D“这些有目的的讨论提供了一个解决你的问题的机会。”承接上文，说明这些沟通能提供解决问题的机会，下文“They are also a chance to recognize each other’s accomplishments as well as strengthen your emotional bond.”提出这些沟通的另一个作用，与之并列。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) 　　The other day I was shopping at a local store and met a lady. She was squatting(蹲坐)on the floor looking for a 　1　 product on the bottom shelf. She jumped up when she saw me as if to 　2　 my way. Feeling sorry，she 　3　 that she was a(n)　4　 at a nearby store and was 　5　 her lunch break，trying to get a few needed items. 　　I told her，“I am in no hurry. Go ahead and do what you need to do.” 　　　6　 she searched for a particular brand，she said that sometimes 　7　 were rude to her at the store and she really 　8　 my kindness. I told her that I had noticed cashiers being treated rudely. I explained to her that I was a retired nurse and 　9　 some of what she was saying first-hand. Sometimes，the sick people could be rude. 　　She thanked me for being so nice and friendly. I told her，“The world would be a 　10　 place if we all acted 　11　．Those who are rude may have bad results coming after them eventually for 　12　 people badly，”She nodded and smiled. 　　In a brief 　13　，I showed her there are good and kind people in the world and may have boosted(增强)her 　14　 in humanity. Maybe she 　15　 that later in the day，perhaps when someone was treating her unkindly. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在商店里偶遇一位正在寻找商品的收银员。在交谈的过程中，收银员提到很多时候受到顾客的无理对待。作者宽慰了对方，并且告诉她：如果我们都能善待他人，这个世界会变得更好。 1．A．certain B．fascinating C．useful D．commercial       2．A．keep track of B．head for C．give way to D．get out of 根据句中“squatting (蹲坐)on the floor looking for”和下文“trying to get a few needed items”可知，这位女士正在寻找某件商品。故选A项。 根据上文“She was squatting (蹲坐)on the floor”可知，女士蹲坐在地板上，挡住了作者的路，所以她要给作者让路；get out of one’s way“给某人让道”。故选D项。 √ √ 3．A．added B．reflected C．whispered D．explained         4．A．conductor B．cashier C．waitress D．actress 根据句中“that she was a(n)______at a nearby store and was______her lunch break，trying to get a few needed items”可知，她在给作者解释自己在做什么。故选D项。 根据下文“sometimes _________ were rude to her at the store”和“I told her that I had noticed cashiers being treated rudely.”可知，她是一名收银员。故选B项。 √ √ 5．A．through B．with C．on D．under       6．A．Once B．When C．Although D．Before 根据“she was a(n) ________ at a nearby store”可知，她在附近上班，趁午饭休息时间过来买东西；on lunch break意为“在午饭休息期间”。 根据句意，她一边寻找某个品牌，一边给作者说话，“她寻找某个品牌”是时间状语从句，用when引导，表示“当……时候”，故选B项。 √ √ 7．A．employees B．customers C．hosts D．visitors 根据下文“I explained to her that I was a retired nurse and ________ some of what she was saying first-hand. Sometimes，the sick people could be rude.”可知，作者用自己做护士时被病人粗鲁对待的事情来安慰收银员，由此推知，收银员在商店里也被自己的服务对象——顾客粗鲁对待。故选B项。 √ 8．A．responded B．admitted C．appreciated D．rejected       9．A．realized B．accepted C．understood D．recognized 根据句中“my kindness”可知，对于作者的好意，她心存感激。故选C项。 根据下文“Sometimes，the sick people could be rude.”可知，作者当护士时也被病人粗鲁对待，所以对于收银员的遭遇感同身受，能够理解。故选C项。 √ √ 10．A．cleaner B．stronger C．larger D．better       11．A．frankly B．generously C．happily D．kindly 根据句中“The world would be”及下文“if we all acted ________”可知，作者告诉她只要我们都善待他人，世界会变得更好。故选D项。 根据上文可知，收银员在商店里被自己的服务对象——顾客粗鲁对待，结合下文“Those who are rude may have bad results coming after them eventually”可知，作者用因果报应的观点来宽慰收银员，所以作者说如果我们善待他人，世界会变得更好。故选D项。 √ √ 12．A．treating B．scaring C．affecting D．punishing       13．A．repetition B．exchange C．performance D．lecture 根据上文可知，作者宽慰收银员，说那些粗鲁无礼的人最终会因为对待他人不友好而受到报应。故选A项。 根据上文可知，作者与偶遇的收银员进行了简短的交流。故选B项。 √ √ 14．A．virtue B．fortune C．faith D．relief         15．A．thought about B．watched over C．got through D．brought about 根据上文可知，作者告诉收银员如果我们都能善待他人，世界会变得更好，结合上文“She nodded and smiled.”可知，作者的话让她得以释怀，增强了她对人性的信心。故选C项。 根据上文可知，作者告诉收银员如果我们都能善待他人，世界会变得更好，收银员也相信作者的话，增强了她对人性的信心，所以当下次有人对她不友好时，她可能会想到作者所说的话。故选A项。 返回 √ √ 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$