Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书

Section Ⅳ　Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．rich in flavor 味道浓郁 2．a widespread belief 一种普遍存在的信念 3．digest food 消化食物 4．a grocery store 一家杂货店 5．a mineral water 矿泉水 6．different aspects 不同方面 7．wheat flour 小麦面 8．root vegetables 根茎类蔬菜 9．an essential part 必不可少的部分 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 2．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的 adv.深深地；在深处→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．(使)变深；加深 3．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的 4．organic adj.不使用化肥的；有机物的；有机的→organ n．器官 5．alternative adj.可供替代的；非传统的 n．可供选择的事物→alternate v．(使)交替；轮流 规律探究·知识横拓 1．规律：部分以-ion结尾的名词，变成形容词时词缀变为-ious。 示例：nutrition n．营养；滋养→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 ambition n．野心；雄心→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 caution n．谨慎；小心→cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的 2．-th可作名词后缀，多加在部分形容词后。 示例：deep adj.深的→depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度 long adj.长的→length n．长度 young adj.年轻的→youth n．青年 true adj.真实的→truth n．真理；真相 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．bacteria infections 细菌感染 2．spray the pesticides 喷洒杀虫剂 3．reduce poverty 减少贫困 4．alleviate the pain 减轻疼痛 5．essential services 必要的服务 6．chemical fertiliser 化学肥料 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．in turn 相应地；转而；轮流；依次 2．for instance 例如；比如 3．in use 在使用；被使用 4．be rich in 富含……；……含量高 5．focus on 关注；聚焦 学生用书第142页 第二组　英译汉 6．cause damage to 对……造成损害 7．switch to 转向 8．prefer to do... 更喜欢做…… 9．keep...from doing... 阻止……做…… 10．over time 随着时间的推移 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　“not only...but (also)...”意为“不但……而且……” 教材原句　For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones [不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的(细菌和昆虫)]． 2．句型公式　keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease (保持土壤肥沃和免受病害)through natural means. 3．句型公式　动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 教材原句　Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops (使其为下一批作物生长做好准备)． 4．句型公式　状语从句的省略 教材原句　The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health (同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害)． Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 (教材原句)This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them. 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 by turns 轮流地 take turns(to do sth) 轮流(做某事) It's one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 it turns out that... 结果是；证明是 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 (1)The students presented their projects in turn，displaying their creativity and hard work. (2)The team members decided to take the lead by turns in different stages of the project. (3)I was worried about meeting the deadline，but it turns (turn)out that we have some extra time to complete the task. (4)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。 For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn． essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 (教材原句)They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well. 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。 (1) be essential to 对……是极其重要的 (2)It is essential that 很重要的是…… It is essential for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是完全必要的 学生用书第143页 单句语法填空/读后续写之性格描写 (1)Physical exercise is essential to maintain(maintain) a healthy lifestyle. (2)It is essential that we follow safety rules to prevent accidents. (3)It is essential for technology companies to strengthen (strengthen)competitive power. (4)她温柔的天性和乐于助人的品质对于她性格品质的形成很重要。 Her gentle nature and willingness to help others in need are essential for building up her character． alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的 (教材原句)As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 (1)have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth 有做某事的选择 an alternative to doing sth 做某事的另一种选择 (2)alternatively adv. 或者 alternate v. (使)交替；轮流 单句语法填空/读后续写之活动描写 (1)In order to reduce pollution，we have no alternative but to choose(choose) some clean resources. (2)The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate)with others. (3)I feel we can have electric bikes as an alternative means of transportation. (4)意识到爸爸买一辆新卡车有困难，我别无选择只能交出我挣的所有钱。 Realising that my father had difficulty buying a new truck，I had no alternative but to hand in all the money I had made. depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) (教材原句)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 (1) in depth 深入地；详细地 at a depth of 在深达……的地方 (2) deeply adv. 深深地；非常；很 (3) deepen v. 加深；加强 单句语法填空/读后续写之景色描写 (1)His analysis of the novel had incredible depth (deep)，revealing layers of meaning that others had overlooked. (2)She was deeply (deep)touched by the kind words and support from her friends during a difficult time. (3)The researcher studied the topic in depth，leaving no stone unturned in her search for knowledge. (4)山谷的深处令人叹为观止，耸立的悬崖营造出一种奇妙的感觉。 The depth of the valley was breathtaking，with towering cliffs creating a sense of wonder. 学生用书第144页 认知深化 一、一词多义——digest A．n.摘要；文摘　B．v.消化　C．v.领会　D．v.承受 1．They learn well but seem to need time to digest information. C 2．All this has upset me.I need time to digest it all. D 3．You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. B 二、熟词生义 1．We just stopped there，rooted to the spot. v.呆着不动的 2．The apartment contained the basic essentials for bachelor life. n.必需品 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：not only...but(also)...不仅……而且…… (教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 (1)not only...but(also)...用于连接两个并列成分或者分句。 (2)not only...but(also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”。 (3)not only连接从句置于句首时引起所在句子倒装。 完成句子 (1)她不但忘记了我的生日，而且连道歉都没有。(倒装句) Not only did she forget my birthday，but she also didn't even apologise for forgetting it. (2)他不仅是一位杰出的科学家，也是一位负责任的老师，激励了无数学生追求梦想。(读后续写之人物描写) He was not only a brilliant scientist，but also a responsible teacher，inspiring countless students to pursue their dreams. (3)当他实现了自己的目标时，他不仅体验到了巨大的喜悦，而且还感到了一种满足感。(读后续写之心理活动描写) Not only did he experience great joy when he achieved his goal，but also a sense of satisfaction． 句型公式：动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 (教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 (1)动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果，其动作结果是谓语动词所带来的。 (2)动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语，常可改写成并列谓语或者which引导的非限制性定语从句。 完成句子 (1)简带着极度的愤怒独自离开，却发现自己在陌生的森林里迷路了。(读后续写之情感描写) Jane left alone with extreme anger，finding that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest． (2)越野比赛使得我们可以临时从学业中走出来，让我们更加精力充沛、更加快乐。(应用文写作之报道) 学生用书第145页 The Cross-Country Running Race allowed us to escape from our lessons for a while，making us more energetic and joyful． (3)我们正在利用各种在线课程进行深度学习，从而更容易提高自己。(读后续写之叙事描写) We are taking advantage of various online programs for further study，making it easier to improve ourselves． 维度一　品句填词 1．Widespread (广泛的)vaccination is crucial in preventing the spread of diseases. 2．It takes time for our bodies to digest(消化) the food we eat. 3．Calcium is an essential (重要的)mineral for strong bones and teeth. 4．Communication is an important aspect (方面)of building strong relationships. 5．I need to stop by the grocery (食品杂货店)store to pick up some fresh produce for dinner. 6．In my opinion，drinking warm tea can help alleviate the pain of a sore throat. 维度二　词形转换 1．The diver went into the depths (deep)of the ocean，exploring its mysterious beauty. 2．She was entirely (entire)focused on her studies，devoting all her time and energy to her exams. 3．Choosing an alternative (alternate)energy source like solar power can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels. 4．Many people prefer to buy organic (organ)produce because they believe it is healthier and better for the environment. 5．Eating a balanced diet is essential for obtaining all the necessary nutritional (nutrition)elements for a healthy body. 6．As an instance (instant)of his kindness，he offered to help his neighbor carry groceries into her house. 维度三　固定搭配和句式 1．他们的汽车遇上了交通堵塞，因而耽搁了。(动词-ing形式作结果状语) Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing a delay． 2．我不但忘记了火车票，而且忘记了身份证。(not only置于句首) Not only did I forget my train ticket，but I also forgot my ID card. 3．作为回报，她在他向她解释了一个难懂的概念后帮助了她的朋友做作业。(in turn) In turn，she helped her friend with her homework after he had explained a difficult concept to her. 4．例如，有些人在高压环境中健康成长，而另一些人可能会觉得压力山大。(for instance) For instance，some people grow well in high-pressure situations，while others may find it overwhelming. 5．我们别无选择，只能因为突发停电而推迟会议。(alternative) We have no alternative but to put off the meeting due to the unexpected power cut. 学生用书第146页 课时测评20 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：66分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共7分) 1．There is no doubt that the widespread (广泛的)use of AI will bring us more convenience. 2．It is said that the company provides an alternative (可替代的)solution to the problem of single-use plastic. 3．The historical roots (根源)of this tradition can be traced back centuries. 4．Plants require a sufficient supply of minerals (矿物质)in order to grow. 5．Proper nutrition (营养)is essential for keeping overall health and well-being. 6．What you see in the virtual world is often different from what you experience in the reality． 7．We are all able to live a green life.For instance，we can get something repaired rather than buy a new one. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 (每小题1分，共7分) 1．Digesting (digest)a page of a book carefully is better than reading a book hurriedly. 2．After years of study，they put forward an entirely (entire)new approach to increasing the output of wheat. 3．Organic (organ)fruits and vegetables are grown without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers. 4．Including a variety of nutritional (nutrition)foods in your diet can help support your body's functioning. 5．Many people are seeking alternatives (alternative)to traditional dairy products，such as plant-based milk. 6．The company's success is rooted (root)in its commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. 7．We must take two aspects (aspect)into consideration，both of which are connected with the safety of the students. Ⅲ.完成句子 (每小题3分，共12分) 1．对于成功，勇气和智力一样重要，甚至更重要。(as...as...；essential) Courage is as essential to/for success as intelligence，even more so. 2．例如，有些人偏好辛辣食物，比如辣椒。(for instance) For instance，some people have a preference for spicy foods，like chili peppers. 3．她不仅完成了学业，而且还在班级中取得了最高分数。(not only...but also) Not only did she complete her studies，but also she achieved the highest grades in her class. 4．他冲进房间，发现里面是空的。(动词-ing形式作结果状语) He rushed into the room，finding it was empty． [素能提升练] Ⅳ.阅读理解 (每小题2.5分，共10分) The food we eat every day keeps us alive，but it can also bring big health and environmental costs.A recent study finds that small shifts in the food choices could have great benefits to both health and the planet. 　　Because many foods with a high health burden，including processed meats or red meats，have high environmental costs.Reducing just about 10 percent of a person's daily intake can cut a person's food-based environmental footprint by over 30 percent.Between growing it，packaging it，moving it around，cooking it，and often wasting it，food production makes up about one-fifth to one-third of all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.For an average household，food makes up about as much of the greenhouse gas footprint as the electricity. 　　To learn how to reduce negative impacts of food production and consumption on the planet and the body，researchers first assessed damage related to food.Over the past few decades，scientists have developed ways of doing “life cycle analyses” for specific items and assigned them a hard number to show their environmental impact.Meanwhile，public health scientists were doing similar analyses for human bodies.They carefully examined the links between food and health.They concluded that agriculture is a huge piece of the climate puzzle，and agriculture，food，and diet are all linked. 　　We can't stop eating，so what should we do? For some climate challenges，there are relatively straightforward ways.For example，renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings，cars，and more. 　　There's no substitute for food，but shifting what we eat is possible.If all people on the planet are vegans，greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half；a planet of vegetarians would trim food emissions by 44 percent. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现食物选择上的小改变对健康和地球都有很大的好处。 1．Why does the author list the figures in Paragraph 2? A．To highlight the harm of gas emission. B．To advocate the consumption of red meats. C．To show the environmental impact of food. D．To illustrate the necessity of cutting food waste. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者在第二段中列出了这些数字是为了展示食物对环境的影响。故选C。 2．What relationship do scientists show exactly with “life cycle analyses”？ A．Food and human bodies. B．Climate change and health. C．Agriculture and human development. D．Food production and the environment. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后四句可知，科学家们用“生命周期分析”准确地展示了粮食生产与环境的关系。故选D。 3．What does the text suggest people do about food emissions? A．Eat whatever you want. B．Use fossil energy sources. C．Reduce food consumption. D．Consume more vegetables. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If all people on the planet are...food emissions by 44 percent.”可知，这篇文章建议人们可以多吃蔬菜应对食物排放。故选D。 4．What does the underlined word “trim” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Reduce. B．Release. C．Affect. D．Improve. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，画线单词和“be cut by more than half”相对应。由此可知，画线词trim与reduce (减少)意思接近。故选A。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (每小题1分，共15分) (2024·余姚中学高二期末) 　　From the age of eight，I had to contribute my share of labor with my father.Our family was too 1 to afford to pay laborers.Working in the rice fields was no easy job.The 2 sun would beat down on my back.With only a hat，a shirt and a pair of shorts as my 3 ，I would be sweating within seconds. 　　One day，while resting beside the field，I 4 my present life：My family was tied to land，doing 5 jobs.How could we and farmers like us have 6 to a better life? Thinking of this，I was suddenly 7 with great pity and great respect for them，and the focus of my 8 began to extend beyond myself and my family.A voice inside me 9 that I should do something to help that.Right then I 10 to pursue useful knowledge and technology to 11 their burden of labor.This strong 12 pushed me to go to university and 13 earn a degree in agriculture. 　　Although now I went into academic research，I would always 14 what working in the fields had taught me：Your hard work will be 15 if you plant your feet firmly on the ground，for being down-to-earth(务实的)is an unbroken truth. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在田间劳作时思考起与自己一样的农民的境遇，下决心学习有用的知识和技术帮助他们。 1．A．kind B．poor C．wise D．large 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“to afford to pay laborers”和“With only a hat，a shirt and a pair of shorts”可知，作者家太穷了，雇不起劳工。 2．A．rising B．moving C．pleasing D．burning 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“I would be sweating within seconds”可知，炙热的太阳暴晒作者的背。 3．A．preference B．protection C．possession D．pattern 答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“With only a hat，a shirt and a pair of shorts”可知，这些装备是作者用来抵御炙热的太阳的，是用来保护自己的。 4．A．puzzled over B．looked into C．figured out D．complained about 答案：A 解析：根据“My family was tied to...Thinking of this”可知，作者在田野边休息时，对现在的生活陷入了思考。puzzle over“苦苦思索”。 5．A．high-paying B．time-saving C．back-breaking D．far-reaching 答案：C 解析：根据上文的描述以及“tied to land”可知，作者一家的生活是很累的。 6．A．reaction B．adjustment C．access D．response 答案：C 解析：根据“a better life”可知，作者想知道农民们如何能过上更好的生活。have access to“有……的机会”。 7．A．consumed B．provided C．connected D．compared 答案：A 解析：根据“with great pity and great respect for them”可知，此处指在沉思中，作者心中突然充满对农民的怜悯与尊敬。consume sb with sth“使某人充满某种强烈的感情”。 8．A．career B．convention C．vision D．concern 答案：D 解析：根据“to extend beyond myself and my family”可知，作者关心的重点开始延伸到自己和家庭之外。 9．A．announced B．insisted C．warned D．commanded 答案：B 解析：根据“I should do something to help that”可知，作者内心的声音坚持认为自己应该做些什么。 10．A．pretended B．promised C．decided D．tended 答案：C 解析：根据“pursue useful knowledge and technology”可知，就在那个时候作者下定决心要学习有用的知识和技术来帮助农民。 11．A．reduce B．carry C．spread D．discover 答案：A 解析：根据“their burden of labor”可知，作者下定决心想要为农民减轻劳动负担。 12．A．pride B．demand C．characteristic D．desire 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，作者下定决心要做些什么，这种欲望促使他上了大学并获得农业学位。 13．A．constantly B．eventually C．secretly D．entirely 答案：B 解析：根据“earn a degree”可知，此处指上大学并最终获得了学位。 14．A．question B．forget C．treasure D．explore 答案：C 解析：根据“ Your hard work will be...an unbroken truth”可知，作者在进行学术研究，仍然珍惜在田地里劳作教会他的东西。 15．A．predicted B．alleviated C．perfected D．rewarded 答案：D 解析：根据“if you plant your feet firmly on the ground”可知，脚踏实地，你的努力将会得到回报。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·黄冈中学高二月考) 　　The Chinese government 1.________ (recent)created the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival，2.________ (make)it a national festival that 3.________ (set)up for farmers for the first time.This festival will not only celebrate harvests but also be a reminder that more attention needs to be paid to agriculture and farmers，as well as 4.________ (tradition)culture. 　　Establishing the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival is helpful in reminding the whole society 5.________ the importance of farming and farmers' life.It is necessary to make full use of policies，capital and the good environment 6.________ (improve)agricultural production and the rural economy，and to improve farmers' living conditions so that they can devote 7.________ (them)to their agricultural work.The founding of this festival will create an atmosphere of respecting and caring about farmers. 　　Although recent years have seen the economic 8.________ (grow)in most rural areas，a great increase in farmers' income has not occurred.There is still 9.________ enormous gap between urban and rural areas.This festival will help with the increase in food output，10.________ is still the focus of China's agricultural work today and in the future. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了设立中国农民丰收节的意义。 1．答案：recently 解析：考查词性转换。空处作状语，应用副词。故填recently。 2．答案：making 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填making。 3．答案：was set 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。that 引导定语从句，指代先行词a national festival，且在从句中作主语，与 set up 之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。主语为单数。故填was set。 4．答案：traditional 解析：考查词性转换。空处作定语，修饰名词culture，应用形容词。故填traditional。 5．答案：of 解析：考查介词。remind...of...意为“使……想起……”，为固定搭配。故填of。 6．答案：to improve 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是“make full use of sth to do sth”结构，应用动词不定式。故填to improve。 7．答案：themselves 解析：考查代词。devote oneself to...意为“致力于……”，为固定用法。故填themselves。 8．答案：growth 解析：考查词性转换。空处作 seen 的宾语，表示“增长”，应用名词。故填growth。 9．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。gap为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且enormous的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 10．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代the increase in food output。故填which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$