Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．vary slightly 微小变化 2．approve the plan 批准这个计划 3．demonstrate emotions 表达情感 4．employ gestures 使用手势 5．differ in size 大小不同 6．favor eye contact 喜欢眼神接触 7．a reliable friend 可信赖的朋友 8．with anger 愤怒地 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性 2．approve vt.通过；批准 vi.赞成；同意→approval n．赞许；赞成；同意 3．rely v．依赖；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 4．employ vt.雇用；使用；应用→employment n．雇用；利用→employer n．雇主；老板 5．differ vi.不同于；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．差异；不同 6．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的 规律探究·知识横拓 1．规律：-ment名词后缀(多加在动词后变成名词) 示例：employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employment n．雇用；利用 agree vi.同意 →agreement n．同意 move v．移动→movement n．动作 2．规律：-al名词后缀(多加在动词后变成名词) 示例：approve v．同意；批准→approval n．同意；批准 arrive v．到达→arrival n．到达 survive v．幸存 →survival n．存活 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．in interactions with neighbors 邻居的互动交流 2．different gestures 不同的手势 3．bow from the waist 弯腰鞠躬 4．identical results 一模一样的结果 5．an appropriate response 恰当的回应 学生用书第98页 6．rosy cheeks 红润的面颊 7．fake banknotes 假钞 8．break down barriers 打破障碍 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．break down 消除；分解；打破 2．make inferences 推理；推断 3．by comparison (与……)相比较 4．by contrast 相比之下 5．approve of 同意，赞成 第二组　英译汉 6．be appropriate to 适合 7．interpret...as... 解释为 8．get through 渡过(难关) 9．make eye contact 眼神交流 10．feel down 感到沮丧 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　the way后引导的定语从句 教材原句　Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。 2．句型公式　状语从句的省略结构 教材原句　Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”． 双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。 3．句型公式　“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句　And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend． 当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 (教材原句)Just like spoken language，body language varies from culture to culture. 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。 (1)vary from...to... 由……到……不等 vary with... 随……而变化 vary in... 在……方面有变化 (2)various adj. 不同的 variety n. 变化，种类 a variety of＝varieties of＝various 各种各样的 单句语法填空/读后续写之景色描写 (1)As they're handmade，each one varies (vary)slightly. (2)Experts say that the variety (various)of things provided to choose from is one of the reasons for shopping too much. (3)It is said that in this university there are various (variety)courses open to us. (4)这个地区的风景变化很大，从绿色的山谷到高耸的山脉和波光粼粼的湖泊。 The scenery in this area can vary dramatically，from green valleys to towering mountains and sparkling lakes. 学生用书第99页 approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过 (教材原句)In other countries，by contrast，eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 (1)approve of (sb/sb's doing) sth 赞成/同意(某人做)某事 (2)approval n. 赞成；批准 win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意 give (one's) approval to 同意/批准(某事) (3)approving adj. 赞许的 单句语法填空/读后续写之细节描写 (1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ultimately，David gave his approval (approve)to my advice and moved up to the starting line. (2)I'm afraid that your parents won't approve of you marrying him. (3)After a long debate，the plan was approved (approve)without qualification yesterday. (4)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。 The father approved of the twins preparing breakfast on Mother's Day and offered to help them. witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人 (教材原句)In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 (1)witness sth/that... 目击…… witness sb doing sth 见到某人做某事 (2)a witness of/to sth 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据 bear/give witness to 证明……；为……作证 单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)Many of these poems bear witness to his years spent in India and China. (2)I witnessed John，my neighbor，diligently practicing (practice)the piano for hours every day. (3)Witnesses (witness)to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster. (4)在过去的二十年里，中国在航天领域取得了伟大的进步。 China has witnessed great progress in space in the last twenty years. employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 (教材原句)In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 (1)employ sb as... 雇用某人担任…… employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 (2)employ oneself in (doing)sth＝be employed in (doing)sth 从事于/忙于(做)某事 (3)employment n. 工作；就业；使用 employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员 in/out of employment 有工作/失业 单句语法填空/应用文写作之申请信 (1)My brother was employed (employ)in preparing for the coming exam and he didn't have time to enjoy the various activities. (2)In other words，employing (employ)body language appropriately can help you break down barriers in communication. (3)Or rather，changes in farming methods have badly affected employment (employ)in this area. (4)如果我有幸被雇用，我将不遗余力地回报您的信任。 If I am lucky enough to be employed，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. 学生用书第100页 differ vi.相异；不同于 (教材原句)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. 即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。 (1)differ in/from 在……方面不同/与……不同 differ with sb on/about/over sth 在某事上和某人有分歧/异议 (2)difference n. 差异 make a difference (to...) (对……)有影响，有作用 (3)different adj. 不同的 be different from 与……不同 单句语法填空/应用文写作之传统文化 (1)After all，it is our joint efforts that make a difference (differ)to the environment protection. (2)Ecotourism is different (differ)from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. (3)As you know，what I will choose differs (differ)from what you have suggested. (4)众所周知，中国文化在语言、饮食和传统风俗上都和美国文化有很大不同。 As we all know，the culture of China differs a lot from that of the United States in terms of language，cuisine and traditional customs. by comparison(与……)相比较 (教材原句)By comparison，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning. 相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。 (1)comparison n． 比较 by/in comparison (with sb/sth) (与……)相比；比较起来 make a comparison 做比较 (2)compare v. 比较，对比 compare...to/with... 与……相比较 单句语法填空/应用文写作之传统文化 (1)By comparison (compare)with his classmates，he is more qualified for this position. (2)In 1800 Ireland's population was nine million，compared (compare)to Britain's 16 million. (3)Agricultural productivity remained low by/in comparison with advanced countries like the United States. (4)相比之下，在中国，尊敬老人深深植根于日常生活中。 By comparison，in China，respect for elders is deeply rooted in everyday life. favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；赞同 (教材原句)Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 (1)favor (sb) doing sth 同意(某人)做某事 (2)ask sb a favour 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour (＝do a favor for sb) 帮某人忙 in favour of 支持；赞同；同意 in one's favour 支持某人；对某人有利 (3)favorite adj. 最喜欢的 favorable adj. 有利的；赞同的 单句语法填空/读后续写之情感描写 (1)We sincerely hope you can do us a favor and guide us how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play. (2)Other employees see me favoring (favor)their peers over themselves and quickly become displeased. (3)Nowadays，the Four Great Classical Novels have already been adapted into movies and TV series，favored (favor)by lots of audiences. (4)当他听说他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favor of his opinion． 学生用书第101页 break down 消除；分解；打破 (教材原句)A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以打破隔阂。 break into 闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 结束；破裂 break through 突破 break in 破门而入；打断 break away from 脱离；挣脱 单句语法填空/语境辨义/读后续写之愤怒情绪描写 (1)The analysis shows that plastics，particularly those that break down fast，are contributing to the climate change. (2)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. 　　　(谈判)失败 (3)Your health will break down if you always stay up late. 　　　(身体)垮掉 (4)It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing. 　发生故障 (5)听到这些话，她几乎崩溃了。她冲出房子，消失在夜色中，决心摆脱这个家庭。 Hearing these words，she almost broke down．She rushed out of the house and disappeared into the night，determined to break away from home． assess vt.评估，评价(assessment n．评价；评定) (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Once there，Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. 勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物特点描写 (1)The researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise to assess (assess)their cardiovascular capacity(心血管能力)． (2)Frankly speaking，examinations are not the only means of assessing (assess)a person's ability. (3)There is little assessment (assess)of the damage to the natural environment. (4)令人惊讶的是，他能够通过判断一个人的肢体语言来判断他是否在说谎。 Amazingly，he was able to assess a person's body language and determine whether he was lying. straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐 straight up 直截了当地；笔直地 cheer up (使)变得更高兴，振奋起来 keep up 保持；沿用 show up 如约赶到；出现 make up 形成，构成；编造 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 (1)As she straightened (straighten)up，her backache grew worse. (2)It took him a few minutes to straighten (straight)up the meeting room before the meeting began. (3)He always speaks straight up without any hesitation. (4)在他的办公桌前垂头丧气了几个小时后，他最终挺直了身子，伸展了背部以缓解紧张的感觉。 After being downhearted for hours at his desk，he finally straightened up and stretched his back to relieve the tension. 学生用书第102页 reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出 (教材原句)The actor reveals the situation and messages，and the group compares notes. 表演者透露情况和信息，小组成员交换意见。 reveal the truth 揭示真相 reveal a secret 揭露秘密 reveal the identity 揭示身份 reveal the details 揭露细节 单句语法填空/读后续写之表情描写 (1)She couldn't keep it a secret any longer and finally revealed (reveal)the truth to her best friend. (2)The magician revealing (reveal)the identity of the person he had picked from the audience won by his excellent performance. (3)她脸上灿烂的微笑透露出她此刻感受到的幸福。 The bright smile on her face revealed the happiness she felt in that moment. clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清(clarification n．澄清，阐明；净化 clarity n．清晰易懂；思路清晰；清楚) (教材原句)Use the table below to clarify any misunderstandings or different answers. 使用下表来澄清任何误解或不同的答案。 clarify one's stand 阐明立场 clarify the issues 澄清问题 clarify a statement 澄清声明 clarify the facts 澄清事实 clarify one's thoughts 澄清思路 clarify a policy 阐明政策 单句语法填空/读后续写之景色描写 (1)We have to admit that certain questions have yet to be clarified (clarify)． (2)Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify (clarify)the present position. (3)The union has written to Detroit asking for clarification (clarify)of the situation. (4)早晨的阳光透过窗户流淌，照亮了整个房间并让这间充满书籍的舒适书房的每一个微小细节变得更加清晰可见。 The morning sunlight streamed through the window，brightening the room and clarifying every detail of the warm，book-filled study. 认知深化 一、一词多义——pose A．n.姿势　B．v.造成　C．v.提出 1．If you pose an issue that needs considering，you mention the issue. C 2．He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera. A 3．These new problems pose a challenge to all of students. B 二、熟词生义 1．They are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity. v.使用 2．Rick appeared，bending his head a little to clear the top of the door. v.低下 学生用书第103页 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 (教材原句)And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 补全句子 (1)When talking with the elderly，you can't be too polite/polite enough (再礼貌也不为过)．(应用文写作之建议信) (2)In my opinion，nothing is more meaningful than/there is nothing more meaningful than (没有什么事比……更有意义)helping others.(应用文写作之总结句) (3)It was not until then that I suddenly realized that no one loved me more than my mom (没有人比我妈妈更加爱我)．(读后续写之主题升华句) (1)本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示所描述事物“最……”，即“看到好朋友的笑脸是最好的事情”。 (2)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等； (3)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不为过”。　　 维度一　品句填词 1．The number on the card should be identical (相同的)with the one on the chequebook. 2．Indeed，the researchers found that face-to-face interaction (交流)and conversations affect the creative process. 3．Many senior citizens are fooled into buying all kinds of fake (假的)products. 4．A witness (目击者)in the area said he saw the traffic accident when he was in the street. 5．Emojis can help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words. 6．Most of the educators are in favo(u)r of providing more freedom to the teenagers，as it may make them more creative and independent. 维度二　词形转换 1．More local employment (employ)will be created，particularly in service industries. 2．The results varied (vary)a lot from one study to another，and no clear patterns emerged. 3．For accurate and reliable (rely)predictions，it's best to check an official，scientific report. 4．These two kinds of cell phones differ in shape，but they are similar to each other in some functions. 5．A few witnesses (witness)to the accident gave the police a detailed account of the process. 维度三　固定搭配和句式 1．优秀的阅读者会根据他们所读的文章进行推断。(make inferences) Good readers make inferences based on the text they are reading. 2．我喜欢你说英语的方式，如此流利和自然。(the way引导的定语从句) I love the way you speak English，which is so fluent and natural. 学生用书第104页 3．美国的许多学校不允许学生穿牛仔裤。(approve) Many schools in the US didn't approve of students wearing jeans． 4．你是否同意，漂亮的书法对所有学生来说都变得非常重要这一观点？ (favor) Are you in favor of the opinion that beautiful handwriting is becoming extremely important to all the students? 5．这台机器可能在将来的某一天发生故障，在这种情况下，你可以拨打这个号码寻求帮助。(break down) The machine might break down someday in the future，in which case you can dial this number for help. 维度四　教材知识迁移 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.Body language 1.varies (vary)from culture to culture.The crucial thing is using body language in a way 2.that is appropriate to the culture you are in.For example，making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries while in other countries，eye contact is not always approved 3.of．The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different 4.cultures (culture)．In Japan，someone who witnesses another person 5.employing (employ)the gesture might think it means money.However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it 6.is (be)not considered polite.Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” 7.differ (difference)around the world.In many countries，shaking one's head means “no”，and nodding means “yes”．By 8.comparison (compare)，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning.Some gestures seem 9.to have (have)the same meaning everywhere.Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.If we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing 10.better (good)than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 课时测评14　Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：60分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Police have appealed for witnesses (证人)to come forward to the court. 2．Generally speaking，people in Japan favour bowing(鞠躬) when they meet! 3．I strongly suggest that you adopt his advice on how to break down so many barriers (障碍)． 4．Rarely could the librarian speak English so her children had to interpret(把……解释为) for her. 5．Step by step，he knew the importance of using gestures(手势) in communicating with the foreigners. 6．The journalist has demonstrated (证明)that he has the ability to perform his job perfectly. 7．We employed two household workers to clean up the house because we both were very busy. 8．Up to now，I haven't come up with an appropriate title for my article，which upsets me a lot. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共7分) 1．The chain of volcanoes is known，appropriately (appropriate)enough，as the “Ring of Fire”． 2．The story he told police differed (differ)from the one he told his mother. 3．He favours taking (take)advantage of the chance to pay a visit to Beijing. 4．He looked back at the woman for approval (approve)，but her face was unreadable. 5．After having a talk with the employees (employ)，the boss decided to give them a rise from next month. 6．The author's second warning is that we should avoid running (run)a great risk by challenging our boss's authority. 7．Online teaching，not like face-to-face teaching，is considered to lack the interaction(s) (interact)between teachers and students. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我对事情进展的方式感到满意。(the way引导的定语从句) I am pleased with the way (that/in which)things have been going． 2．虽然智能手机给我们提供了便利，但并不是所有人都支持花太多时间在智能手机上。(部分否定，favor n．) Although smart phones provide convenience for us，not all the people are/all the people are not in favor of spending too much time on them. 3．我们依赖译员而不是机器来翻译文件，因为我们相信他们更可靠。(as引导原因状语从句，reliable) We rely on translators rather than machines to translate papers，as we believe they are more reliable． 4．我相信在这里我会交到新朋友，而且，在高中有好多东西要去探索。(there be句型) I believe I will make new friends here，and there's a lot to explore at senior high. 5．就这位著名的教授而言，身体健康最重要。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义) As far as the famous professor is concerned，there is nothing more important than health． [素能提升练] Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·广东梅州梅雁中学高二月考) A simple gesture can be formed into a child's memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture.A new finding suggests that parents，social workers，psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words. 　　Gestures can be as informative as speech，but hand gestures are so common that we rarely notice we're using them. 　　While memories of both adults and children are easy to react to suggestions，those of children are known to be particularly influenced，said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University.Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally(故意地)． 　　Previous research，for example，has shown that detail-loaded questions often cause false answers；when asked，“Did you drink juice at the picnic？”，the child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available.It is not that the child is consciously lying，but rather the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory. 　　To avoid this problem，social workers have long been advised to ask children only open-ended questions，such as “What did you have at the picnic？”But an open-ended question paired with a gesture，briefly meaning a juice box，is treated like a detailed question.That is，children become likely to answer falsely. 　　And it isn't just a few kids：77% of children gave at least one piece of false information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture.Gestures may also become more popular when talking with non-fluent language users，such as little kids，Broaders said as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases.“It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children.” 　　In general，Broaders advises parents and other adults to “try to be aware of your hands when questioning a child about an event.Otherwise，you might be getting answers that don't reflect what actually happened.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。手势语在一定程度上会增加相互间的理解。然而，它也有消极作用，即误导对方，尤其是会误导孩子，本文就介绍了这一研究结果。 1．What do we know about gestures according to the text? A．They have not any function at all. B．They are rarely used by people. C．They have a certain effect on children. D．They are often used by social workers. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。文章第一段就指出手势语对孩子有影响，而且全文都在说这一观点，故选C项。 2．Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders? A．These gestures are very attractive. B．Their memories are affected easily. C．Children are easy to tell lies. D．These gestures are used frequently. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段首句和第三段可知，主要原因是孩子的记忆很容易受到外界的影响，故选B项。 3．What does the underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Separate. B．Tell apart. C．Confuse. D．Pass on. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。由语境可知，大人对孩子使用更多的手势语是有原因的，手势语能够传达那些不熟悉的单词和短语的含义，故选D项。 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Gestures—A Useful Way of Education B．Gestures Can Mislead Children C．Gestures Mean Adults' Directions D．Gestures Affect Children Too Much 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果：手势语会对孩子产生误导作用。故选B项。 B (2024·四川内江六中高二月考) Whether we are sitting down or standing up，still or moving，body posture influences our mood.Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood.Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的)performance，including memory，reasoning，learning，and the speed of reaction and processing of information. 　　So a logical question arises.Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? 　　Previously，a New Zealand team (University of Auckland)carried out an experiment on posture when we walk，especially in the street.The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence.It appears that walking with a hunched back，bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state. 　　Indeed，the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up，standing up straight，with your head held high，and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence.Not only does our spontaneous posture have a psychological effect，but by correcting it，it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. 　　In this other study，this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg)，researchers observed the same phenomenon，this time in a sitting position.Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate.In fact，the researchers had them sit in different postures—from upright to very slumped (消沉)—in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. 　　A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood.It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks，although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture. 　　Finally，and surprisingly enough，blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position.To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright，we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明身体姿势不仅能够影响我们的情绪，而且能够影响我们的认知表现。 5．Why does the writer mention the studies at the beginning? A．To introduce what cognitive performance is. B．To emphasize the importance of body posture. C．To prove the results of those studies are wrong. D．To raise a new question to be studied and solved. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，研究证实了身体姿势和情绪之间的联系，以及情绪与认知表现之间的联系。结合第二段“So a logical question arises.Can body posture influence our cognitive performance？”可知，上述的研究发现会产生身体姿势与认知表现是否有联系的问题。因此，作者一开始提到这些研究是为了提出一个有待研究和解决的新问题。故选D项。 6．What does the underlined word “hunched” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Straightened. B．Bent. C．Loose. D．Solid. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It appears that walking with a hunched back，bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state.”可知，走路的姿势是低头、手臂不动，和这种姿势配合的应该是“驼背”，hunched意思应该是“弓背”，与Bent意思一致。故选B项。 7．What does the first study indicate? A．Posture influences our mental state. B．Straightening up has a negative effect. C．Gazing upward builds up confidence. D．Walking posture is especially important. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence.”可知，第一个研究表明姿势会影响情绪状态。故选A项。 8．What can we learn about sitting upright? A．It has mental and physical benefits. B．It helps improve the test pass rate. C．It requires sitting for a long time. D．It increases the blood pressure. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A first observation indicates that ‘sitting upright’ is associated with a better overall mood.”和最后一段内容可知，坐直有利于整体情绪、血压和背部保护，因此具有心理和身体的双重好处。故选A项。 Ⅴ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·陕西长安一中高二期中) When you're meeting someone for the first time，you want to leave a good impression on him. 1 However，it's not just your verbal language that matters—the way you behave is also important.Here are some tips on body language to show positivities and kindness in communication with others. 　　Nod and smile when appropriate.These nonverbal signs can show the other person that you're fully involved in what he is saying，and in agreement.Try nodding three times to show that you're really absorbed in what he is saying. 2 If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same，you could come off as insincere. 　　 3 Don't be obvious，but try to match his body language and facial expressions.This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person's good will toward the person mirroring him.If he's leaning against a wall，lean against the wall.If he has crossed his arms，cross your arms. 4 　　Laugh truly.Even if you're in a formal setting，if the other person has clearly said something that was intended to raise a laugh，laugh! 5 And this can also show him that you're listening to what he is saying.Avoid laughing out of nerves or because you have nothing to say. A．Always keep your arms crossed. B．Mirror the person you're speaking with. C．It's a simple technique that can often pay off. D．Show him that you have a sense of humor. E．Avoid touching your hair or adjusting your clothing. F．When it comes to smiling，make sure it reaches your eyes! G．You want to say all the perfect things at all the right times. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用肢体语言的技巧，这些技巧可以在与他人交流时表现出积极和友善。 1．答案：G 解析：根据上文中的“When you're meeting someone for the first time，you want to leave a good impression on him.”可知，G项是对这句话的具体说明，符合语境。 2．答案：F 解析：根据下文中的“If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same，you could come off as insincere.”可知，F项“当微笑时，一定要让它触及你的眼睛！”符合语境，且其关键词“reaches your eyes”与下文中的“eyes”相呼应。 3．答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person's good will toward the person mirroring him...cross your arms.”可知，此处在讲镜像技巧，B项是对整段的概括，符合语境。 4．答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person's good will toward the person mirroring him...cross your arms.”可知，C 项中的关键词“technique”与上文呼应。C项是对上文提到的技巧的评价：“这是一种简单的方法，但往往很有效”，符合语境。 5．答案：D 解析：根据上文中的“Even if you're in a formal setting...was intended to raise a laugh，laugh！”可知，D项“向他展示你有幽默感”符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$