Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书

Section Ⅳ　Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．artificial intelligence 人工智能 2．career advancement 事业发展 3．weather forecast 天气预报 4．be opposed to the decision 反对决定 5．cease the activity 停止活动 6．rural community 农村社区 7．advocate for change 主张改变 8．luxury lifestyle 奢华的生活方式 9．prospect of success 成功的前景 10．paragraph structure 段落结构 ◎拓展单词——用活 1. predict vt.预测；预言；预料→prediction n．预测；预言 2．occupation n．职业；占领→occupy vt.占用；占领；占据 3．luxury n．奢华→luxurious adj.奢华的，豪华的 4．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，缺乏的 5．emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性→emphasize vt.强调 6．resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒 7．accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．精确；准确 规律探究·知识横拓 规律：-ion是名词后缀，多加在以-t或-te结尾的动词后 示例：predict vt.预测；预言；预料 →prediction n．预测；预言 invent v．发明→invention n．发明 innovate vt.创新→innovation n．创新 create v．创造→creation n．创造 generate vt.产生，引起→generation n．产生；一代 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．prediction accuracy 预测准确性 2．deceased relatives 逝去的亲戚 3．resist temptation 抵制诱惑 4．signpost directions 指示路标 5．Nanobot capabilities 纳米机器人的功能 6．clone experiment 克隆实验 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．all the time 始终；一直 2．on the one hand 一方面 3．on the other hand 另一方面 4．care about 担心；关心 5．keep in touch (with...) (与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况) 第二组　英译汉 6．cut down 减少 7．rather than 而不是 8．look on 观看；旁观；看待 9．in the absence of 缺乏；缺席 10．get into the best shape of 进入最佳状态 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　with复合结构 教材原句　They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community (强调实干、家庭和社区)． 2．句型公式　It＋be＋动词-ed形式＋that... 教材原句　 It could even be argued that (甚至可以说)the Amish's quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large，polluted cities. 3．句型公式　make it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb)to do sth 教材原句　Moreover，the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily (使朋友和家人很容易保持联系成为可能)even if they are on opposite sides of the world. 学生用书第48页 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠 (教材原句)In the article，various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.在这篇报道中，多位人士表示公众应该反对发展无人驾驶汽车这一想法。 (1)oppose doing sth 反对做某事 (2)opposed adj. 反对的 be opposed to(doing) sth 反对(做)某事 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物心理描写 (1)She strongly opposes cutting (cut)funding for education，believing it will have negative effects on the quality of schools. (2)Many educators are strongly opposed to protecting children too much. (3)他反对为了个人利益而放弃自己的价值观，因为他相信无论如何都要忠于自己的原则。 He was opposed to the idea of giving up his values for personal gain，as he believed in staying true to his principles no matter what. absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席 (教材原句)On the one hand，there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. 一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人，在没有新技术的情况下依然过着幸福的生活。 (1)in/during one's absence 在某人不在时 in the absence of (人)不在，缺席； (物)不存在，缺乏 (2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的 be absent from... 缺席…… 单句语法填空/读后续写之情绪描写 (1)The absence (absent)of the CEO at the meeting was noticeable，and many wondered about the reason for it. (2)The employee was blamed for being absent from work without permission，leading to disruptions in the team's project. (3)In the absence of more suitable candidates，we decided to offer the job to John. (4)丈夫不在，她害怕地跪在了地上，泪水模糊了双眼。 In her husband's absence/In the absence of her husband，she was so frightened that she sank to her knees，with tears clouding her eyes. advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护n.提倡者；支持者；拥护者 (教材原句)They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community. 他们提倡简朴的生活，强调实干、家庭和社区。 (1)advocate doing sth 提倡做某事 advocate for sth 支持…… advocate that...(should) do sth 提倡……(应该)做某事 (2)an advocate of/for... ……的提倡者/拥护者 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物特点描写 (1)Advocating (advocate)for better access to healthcare，the non-profit organization organized a series of free medical camps in many communities. (2)As far as I'm concerned，I am a strong advocate of/for fair play. 学生用书第49页 (3)她是动物权利的热情倡导者，不知疲倦地努力提高人们对虐待动物的认识。 She is a passionate advocate for animal rights，tirelessly working to raise awareness about animal cruelty. cease v．(使)停止；终止 (教材原句)Hence，we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. 因此，我们应该停止接受技术，不要因为技术是新的，就去接受它。 (1)cease to do sth 停止做某事 cease doing sth 停止做某事 cease fire 停火 (2)without cease 不停地 单句语法填空/读后续写之景色描写 (1)The fighting ceased (cease)after the cease-fire agreement was signed. (2)The company has ceased (cease)to produce the products so far. (3)He decided to cease to communicate/communicating (communicate)with his friend in order to protect his own mental well-being. (4)当太阳落在地平线以下时，天空的鲜艳色彩消失了，留下的是一片宁静而昏暗的风景。 As the sun set below the horizon，the bright colors of the sky ceased，leaving behind a quiet and dusky landscape. 认知深化 一、一词多义——occupation n. A．工作，职业　B．消遣，业余活动　C．占领，控制　D．居住，使用 1．Her main occupation seems to be shopping. 　　　　　　　　　　 B 2．The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas. 　　　 C 3．You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A 二、熟词生义 1．The emphasis on maintaining a healthy work-life balance cannot be overstated，as it plays a crucial role in promoting overall well-being and happiness. 　　　　　　　 n．重要性 2．The artificial flowers may look beautiful，but they lack the natural scent and genuine charm of real blooms. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 adj.假的 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式： It＋is/was＋过去分词＋that 从句 (教材原句)It could even be argued that the Amish's quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large，polluted cities.甚至有人认为，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更高，因为他们生活在自然环境中，怡然自得，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。 句中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 It is thought that...　　 据认为…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is known that... 众所周知…… 学生用书第50页 完成句子 (1)据说，中国的茶文化可以追溯到5 000年前。 It is said that Chinese tea culture dates back to 5，000 years ago. (2)人们相信，与积极和支持自己的人在一起可以极大地促进一个人的情感健康和幸福。(人物情感描写) It is believed that surrounding oneself with positive and supportive people can greatly contribute to one's emotional well-being and happiness. (3)众所周知，约翰是一个坚定的人，即使在逆境中也从不放弃。(人物性格描写) It is known that John is a determined individual who never gives up，even in the face of adversity. 句型公式：make＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb)to do sth (教材原句)Moreover，the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，互联网使朋友和家人即使天各一方也能轻松保持联系。 (1)在该句型中，it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语作真正的宾语，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语，for 用于引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。 (2)也可以用that主语从句代替不定式。 (3)用于该句型的动词还有 think、consider、find、feel等。 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物心理描写 (1)After-class activities make it possible for us to build up our body and enrich our lives. (2)He made it clear for me to stay one more week. (3)She found that it was hard to adapt (adapt)herself to the life in a foreign country. (4)来自亲人的坚定支持和鼓励使我们有可能克服任何挑战，拥抱希望和喜悦。 The strong support and encouragement from loved ones make it possible for us to overcome any challenges and embrace a sense of hope and joy. 维度一　品句填词 1．My sister is pursuing a successful career (职业)in finance. 2．The weather forecast(预报) predicts rain for tomorrow. 3．Experts predict (预测)that the economy will continue to grow. 4．I will oppose (反对)the proposed changes to the healthcare system. 5．She was a strong advocate(提倡者) for equal rights between black and white people. 6．There is a promising prospect (前景)for economic development in that region. 7．I need to finish my essay (文章)before the deadline. 8．He ceased speaking when he noticed everyone was staring at him. 9．The first paragraph of the book caught my attention immediately. 维度二　词形转换 1．In his absence (absent)，the team struggled to maintain their performance. 学生用书第51页 2．The resistance (resist)to change was strong within the organization. 3．This new technology provides more accurate (accuracy)measurements. 4．Her occupation (occupy)as a teacher allows her to positively impact the lives of her students. 5．The speaker placed great emphasis (emphasize)on the importance of teamwork. 6．The librarian (library)helped me find the book I needed for my research project. 维度三　固定搭配和句式 1．新的资金将使我们能够扩大业务。(make it ＋adj.＋ for sb to do) The new funding will make it possible for us to expand our business. 2．有人争论说政府应增加对教育的资金投入。(it is/was done that...) It was argued that the government should increase funding for education. 3．在没有更好的解决方案的情况下，我们将不得不将就现有条件。(absence) In the absence of a better solution，we will have to make do with what we have. 4．我反对与该公司做生意，因为他们的不诚实的做法。(oppose) I oppose doing business with that company due to their dishonest practices. 课时测评8 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：55分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共6分) 1．I couldn't resist (抵制)having a look at the new signpost there. 2．At forty，he is still an average novelist with no prospect (前途)． 3．Can you tell me what you can infer from the fifth paragraph (段落)? 4．If you advocate(提倡) a particular action or plan，you recommend it publicly. 5．Luxury is very great comfort，especially among beautiful and expensive surroundings. 6．An essay is a short piece of writing on a particular subject written by a writer for publication. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．He gradually forgot the incident and began to talk about his occupation (occupy)． 2．Now I have no idea how to win over those people opposed (oppose)to me. 3．Can you predict (prediction)who will come to power on the basis of the given information? 4．I do hope that the librarian (library)can respond to me as soon as possible. 5．To be honest，we should place greater emphasis (emphasize)on the importance of combining study and relaxation. 6．As a consequence of your child's constant absence (absent)，we are concerned that he will fall behind other students. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共9分) 1．在到达那个偏远的岛之后，我没能和她保持联系。(keep in touch with) After arriving at the remote island，I failed to keep in touch with her． 2．市长决定去安慰一下反对新规定的村民们。 (opposed) The mayor decided to comfort the villagers who were opposed to the new regulation. 3．明天这个时候我将正在读从图书馆借的那本小说。(will be doing) I will be reading the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. [素能提升练] Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) In recent times，with the rise of electric cars，the idea of fuelling cars with solar energy has also gained in popularity.Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don't use fossil fuels—are still not green! People suffer from the misunderstanding that not using fossil fuels means“green” which is kind of false，considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! 　　What if your car had solar panels(太阳能电池板)that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! However，although we would like to use this energy source in our car，the efficiency of currently used solar panels is subject to several different factors. 　　Firstly，solar panels occupy a large amount of space.An average car has an area of 10－25 sq.ft.on the roof，which，if fully covered by solar panels，can generate between 50－150 W under ideal conditions.This is hardly enough power to support a light bulb(灯泡)! Also，the sunlight's temperature needs to be ideal，as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of solar panels.Cars must work in all weather conditions，so if a solar panel limits the car's functionality，it becomes practically useless.More importantly，the cost of the panels and the development required to power the electronics using the sun's energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. 　　Most cars today that have solar roofs use solar energy to power only a few basic functions.While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy，there are some improvements，such as solar power stations，which are being designed to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity. 　　Personally，I think solar-powered vehicles are surely the future，although not the near future.As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases，things will begin to look much “brighter” for this sustainable(可持续的)option! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太阳能汽车是真正的绿色环保，但目前还存在一些局限。作者认为太阳能汽车是有前景的。 1．Why do electric cars fail to be environmentally friendly? A．They aren't powered by solar energy. B．They bring more pollution to the world. C．They won't work as well as the common cars. D．They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels”可知，电动汽车不环保是因为它们靠燃烧化石燃料产生的电运转。 2．Why does the author give an example of the light bulb? A．To show the limitation of solar cars. B．To explain the function of solar panels. C．To indicate the principle of solar energy. D．To call for the advancement of technology. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is hardly enough power to support a light bulb(灯泡)！”可知，10－15 平方英尺的太阳能电池板产生的电几乎不足以支撑一个灯泡。再根据第三段中的“extremely high temperatures...benefits that solar panels provide”可知，本段主要介绍目前太阳能汽车的一些局限。因此作者提到灯泡也是为了表明太阳能汽车目前的局限。 3．What is the current development of solar cars? A．Pure solar cars will soon be available. B．Solar roofs will be fixed on more cars. C．Solar cars are designed with new functions. D．Solar cars can be charged at some stations. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“solar power stations...reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity”可知，虽然距离我们驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车还有一段时间，但已经有了一些改进，太 阳能站的设计旨在减少我们对化石燃料发电的依赖。因此目前汽车可以在太阳能站充电。 4．What's the author's attitude towards the future of solar cars? A．Curious. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Critical. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“solar-powered vehicles are surely the future，although not the near future...things will begin to look much‘brighter’”可知，作者认为太阳能汽车肯定是未来的趋势，形势会开始变得更加明朗。作者对太阳能汽车的未来是满怀希望的。 Ⅴ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·重庆一中高二期中) Once there was a man who believed he could see the future through the stars.He called himself an astrologer(占星家)and got used to 1 at the sky all night.He was always busy worrying about the future.The villagers often came to him， 2 to know what their future would be like. 　　One evening he was walking along a rural path.His eyes were focused on the stars.He was so 3 in thinking about the future.When he looked up at the stars，he walked without looking down.Suddenly he 4 a hole full of mud and water. 　　He was 5 in the muddy water，and 6 trying to claw(抓)at the sides of the hole in his effort to climb out.Being 7 to get out and fearing for his 8 ，he started to scream(大声叫)for help and his 9 soon brought the villagers running towards him. 　　As they pulled him out of the mud，one of them said，“You 10 to read the future through the stars，and yet you 11 to see what is at your feet! This may teach you to pay more attention to what is right in front of you，and let the future 12 itself.” 　　We all desire a 13 and happy future.There is always a tomorrow to look forward to and 14 ，but you can't go back to yesterday.So，maintain your 15 life while you work for a better tomorrow. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了过去有一个人，号称自己能观星象、知未来，但是却忽略了现在，没有注意到脚下的路，他为此差点儿丢掉性命。 1．A．staring B．glancing C．pointing D．shouting 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“he could see the future through the stars”可知，他通过观察星星来预测未来，所以他整夜盯着天空看。 2．A．agreeing B．hoping C．promising D．choosing 答案：B 解析：根据“The villagers often came to him，____to know what their future would be like”可知，村民们经常来找他，希望知道他们未来的情况。 3．A．expert B．honest C．absorbed D．experienced 答案：C 解析：根据“His eyes were...Suddenly he ____ a hole full of mud and water”可知，他的眼睛凝视着星星，他专注于思考未来，没有看脚下的路，掉进了一个满是泥和水的坑里。 4．A．thought of B．fell into C．came across D．found out 答案：B 解析：参见上题解析。fall into“落入”。 5．A．floating B．swimming C．bathing D．struggling 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“trying to claw(抓)at the sides of the hole in his effort to climb out”以及“he started to scream(大声叫)for help”可知，他试图抓着坑的侧边，努力往外爬，由此可知他在泥水中挣扎(struggling)。 6．A．madly B．patiently C．surprisingly D．confidently 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“trying to...climb out”可知，他疯狂地试图抓住坑的侧边，想爬出来。 7．A．wise B．curious C．disappointed D．unable 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“he started to scream(大声叫)for help”及语境可知，他无法(unable)爬出来，于是开始大声呼救。 8．A．family B．life C．career D．prospect 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，他爬不出来，并担心自己的生命(life)。 9．A．cries B．injuries C．stresses D．warnings 答案：A 解析：根据“he started to scream(大声叫)for help and his ____ soon brought the villagers running towards him”可知，他开始大声呼救，村民们听到他的叫声(cries)便很快朝他跑来。 10．A．admit B．forget C．offer D．pretend 答案：D 解析：根据“You ____ to read the future through the stars，and yet you ____ to see what is at your feet！”可知，你假装(pretend)通过星星看到了未来，却看不见你脚下的东西！ 11．A．happen B．refuse C．fail D．wait 答案：C 解析：参见上题解析。 12．A．make up B．compare with C．give in to D．take care of 答案：D 解析：根据“This may teach you to pay more attention to what is right in front of you，and let the future ____ itself”可知，这可能会教你更多地关注你眼前的事情，让未来自己处理(take care of)自己。 13．A．rich B．safe C．bright D．different 答案：C 解析：我们都渴望一个光明(bright)和幸福的未来。 14．A．obey B．improve C．predict D．combine 答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“There is always a tomorrow to look forward to”可知，总有一个明天值得期待和改进(improve)。 15．A．present B．unknown C．efficient D．independent 答案：A 解析：根据“you can't go back to yesterday.So，maintain your ____ life while you work for a better tomorrow”可知，你不可能回到昨天。所以，在你为一个更美好的明天工作的同时，保持你现在的(present)生活。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·福建师大附中高二期末) Over the past 50 years，robots 1.________ (become)a normal part of our everyday life.They build cars in factories，clean up dirt in the house and deal with bombs in war zones.However，some 2.________ (inventor)are trying to create a future where robots not only do our boring and dangerous jobs but also become part of our families. 　　A Japanese company introduced LOVOT，3.________ robot that weighs as much as a baby and looks like a mix between a penguin 4.________ a bear.Though LOVOT cannot build a car，it can build a relationship with its owner and provide love and companionship.In fact，LOVOT is just one of the 5.________ (late)robots meant to help those who feel lonely. 　　Robots like LOVOT are being developed at the perfect time.Many countries have “aging societies”with the populations of old people 6.________ (outweigh)young people，resulting in more people who need not only assistance with things like getting 7.________ (dress)and cooking meals but also friendship and love.Additionally，it is predicted 8.________ around 40 percent of Japanese will be living alone by 2040，meaning loneliness among younger populations may also increase 9.________ (significant)．However，if LOVOT can give us all the affection we get 10.________ pets without any of the mess or regular care，we might not be so lonely after all. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本机器人公司推出的一款名为LOVOT 的机器人，它旨在帮助那些感到孤独的人。 1．答案：have become 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据 Over the past 50 years 可知，此处要用现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，主语为复数。故填have become。 2．答案：inventors 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的 some 和空后的are可知，此处应用名词复数。故填inventors。 3．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。此处表泛指，且 robot的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 4．答案：and 解析：考查连词。between...and...意为“在……和……中间”，为固定搭配。故填and。 5．答案：latest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。此处是“one of ＋the＋形容词的最高级 ＋名词复数”结构，应用形容词的最高级。故填latest。 6．答案：outweighing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是 with 复合结构，且the populations of old people 与 outweigh 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作宾补。故填outweighing。 7．答案：dressed 解析：考查非谓语动词。get dressed“穿好衣服”为固定短语。故填dressed。 8．答案：that 解析：考查名词性从句。此处 it是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。故填that。 9．答案：significantly 解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词increase，应用副词。故填significantly。 10．答案：from 解析：考查介词。此处表示“来自”，故填from。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$