Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书

Section Ⅳ　Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．the writer's draft 作家初稿 2．a respected professor 一位受尊敬的教授 3．the greatest genius 最伟大的天才 4．file a patent 申请了一项专利 5．her passion for environment issues 她对环境问题的热情 6．a water-saving device 节水装置 7．encounter a famous actor 偶遇了一位著名演员 8．accept a theory as truth 把一个理论当成真理 ◎拓展单词——用活 1. sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和→summary n．总结→summarize v．总结 2．politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治，政治活动 3．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.轻轻地，温柔地 4．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的；渐进的 5．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 6．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 7．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 规律探究·知识横拓 规律：-ly一般是副词后缀，多加在形容词后。示例： 1．relative adj.(相对的)＋ly→relatively adv.相对地 2．remarkable adj.(非凡的；显著的)(去e)＋y→remarkably adv.显著地；非常地 3．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.轻轻地，温柔地 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．a numerous crowd 一个人数众多的人群 2．thick moustache 浓密的胡子 3．mourn the loss 哀悼失去的东西 4．abnormal peculiarities 怪异的特点 5．theory of relativity 相对论 6．secret formula 秘密配方 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 2．take up a position 担任；任职 3．sum up 总结；概括 4．due to 由于；因为 5．put forward 提出 6．in particular 特别；尤其 7．risk one's life 冒生命危险 第二组　英译汉 8．on end 竖立着；连续 9．hang on 坚持；等一会儿；稍等 10．pass away 去世 11．as a consequence 结果 12．make great advancement 取得巨大进步 13．on the tip of one's tongue 就在嘴边 14．make numerous contributions to 对……作出无数的贡献 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　状语从句的省略结构 教材原句　 While working there (在那里工作时)，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 学生用书第17页 2．句型公式　find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him (发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了)． 3．句型公式　as though引导方式状语从句 教材原句　He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock (好像他刚遭到电击似的)． 4．句型公式　“it is/was reported that...”意为“据报道……” 教材原句　On 18 April 1955，it was reported that____Einstein had passed away(据报道，爱因斯坦去世了)，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 passion n．酷爱；激情 (教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 (1)full of passion 充满激情 have a passion for 对……情有独钟； 酷爱…… (2)passionate adj. 热情的 be passionate about 对……充满热情 (3)passionately adv. 热情地 单句语法填空/应用文写作之告知信 (1)He delivered a passionate (passion)speech，which left us a deep impression. (2)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. (3)很高兴得知你很喜欢唐诗，我写信告诉你一些相关信息。 Delighted to know that you have a passion for Tang poetry，I'm writing to tell you of some relevant information about it. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 (教材原句)Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany. 1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。 (1)be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用) have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力/权力 beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及的 (2)powerful adj. 强有力的 单句语法填空/应用文写作之申请信 (1)The politician full of passion came to power three years ago.In other words，he has been in power for three years. (2)With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become more powerful (power)than ever before. (3)我深信我有能力担任您的助教一职，请您考虑我的申请。 I am greatly convinced that I have the power to act as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration. 学生用书第18页 consequence n．结果；后果 (教材原句)As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.因此，他不得不逃离德国。 (1)as a consequence＝as a result 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝as a result of 由于/作为……的结果 in consequence of 由于；因为 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 consequently adv. 因此；结果 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物行为状态描写 (1)She failed to submit her assignment on time，and as a consequence，she received a lower grade. (2)I carelessly got the plan ruined，so I had to face the consequence (consequent)． (3)The heavy rain caused flooding in the area，consequently (consequent)，many roads were closed and people were advised to stay indoors. (4)她一再对朋友说谎，因此她发现自己变得孤立，没有可信赖的关系。 She had repeatedly lied to her friends，and as a consequence/result，she found herself isolated and short of trustworthy relationships. take up a position 担任；任职 (教材原句)After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA． 在欧洲度过一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。 take up 接受；继续；占据(时间或空间) take away 带走；移开；使……消失 take back 撤回；收回 take down 取下；记下 take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 take over 接管 take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗 用适当的介、副词填空/应用文写作之申请信 (1)He decided to take up painting as a new hobby to explore his creative side. (2)After the CEO retired，the newly appointed manager planned to take over the company and employ his own strategies. (3)She couldn't believe her luck when she realized the beautiful view from her hotel room could take in the entire city skyline. (4)我打算担任志愿者一职，从中可以开阔我的视野。 I intended to take up a position as a volunteer，through which I can broaden my horizons. 认知深化 一、一词多义——take up A．开始，从事　B．接受　C．继续　D．占用 1．The new project will take up a lot of our time. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D 2．He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport. 　　　 　　　　　A 3．He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month. B 二、熟词生义 1．She came up with a novel way to solve the problem. 　　　　　 　　　　　　adj.新颖的 2．The time flow seems to speed up as we get older. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　n．流逝 学生用书第19页 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：独立主格结构 (教材原句)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2. 他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。 句中黑体部分为“独立主格结构”，由“名词＋分词短语”构成。独立主格结构附属于句子，多作状语。 常见的独立主格结构如下： ①名词/代词＋非谓语动词(短语) ②名词/代词＋介词短语 ③名词/代词＋形容词/副词(短语) 完成句子 (1)她紧紧地抱住这对贴心的双胞胎，双眸满是泪水。(读后续写之情感描写) She hugged the caring twins tightly，her eyes flooded with/full of tears． (2)工作完成了，她坐下来喝一杯茶。(读后续写之行为描写) The work finished，she sat down for a cup of tea. (3)太阳在和风中落下，她坐在公园的长椅上，心中充满了对世界之美的感激。(读后续写之心理描写) The sun setting in gentle wind，she sat on the park bench，her heart filled with gratitude for the beauty of the world. 句型公式：状语从句的省略 (教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 本句是“while ＋doing”结构，是状语从句while he worked there的省略结构。 当状语从句和主句主语一致的时候，常可省略从句的主语和谓语动词时态标记，形成“从句连接词＋非谓语动词/介词短语/形容词短语”的形式。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之叙事短文 (1)Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and think of others while travelling (travel)． (2)If treated (treat)well，he was very easy to get along with. (3)劳动的时候，我意识到炎炎烈日下在农田中劳作是多么地艰难。 While working，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. 维度一　品句填词 1．The consequence (结果)of his actions was a complete disaster. 2．Due to unexpected circumstances (情况)，the event had to be put off. 3．The scientist proposed a new theory (理论)to explain the phenomenon. 4．The device (装置)was connected to the Internet，providing instant access to information. 学生用书第20页 5．Her passion for art drove her to create great masterpieces. 6．The inventor was granted a patent for his groundbreaking invention. 维度二　词形转换 1．The professor (profession)stood at the front of the lecture hall，delivering an engaging lecture to the students. 2．She was a passionate (passion)supporter for animal rights，devoting her time and energy to fighting for their well-being. 3．The consequence (consequent)of his rude behavior was a damaged reputation and loss of trust. 4．The political (politics)circumstances in the country were marked by intense debates and contrasting policies. 5．After hours of discussion，they reached the conclusion (conclude)that further research was needed. 维度三　固定搭配和句式 1．当她穿过公园时，她注意到一道漂亮的彩虹横跨天空。(状语从句的省略) While walking through the park，she noticed a beautiful rainbow stretching across the sky. 2．天气允许的话，我们将在公园野餐。(独立主格结构) We will have a picnic in the park，weather permitting． 3．他将在公司担任经理职位。(take up a position) He's going to take up a position as a manager in the company. 4．掌权之前，他是一位慷慨的律师。(come to power) Before coming to power，he was a generous lawyer. 课时测评4 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：66分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．There is new device(装置) for cars that warns drivers of traffic jams ahead. 2．Jane has made remarkable (显著的)progress with the teacher's help. 3．The designer has applied for a patent (专利)for his new invention. 4．The boy used to be shy，but is gradually (逐渐地)getting active in group work. 5．In this lesson，we will see how the institution (制度)of private property solves this problem. 6．Select a way，go on，and you may encounter (遇到)people and landscapes along the way. 7．Einstein's theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time. 8．Mozart's great musical abilities earned him the title of a musical genius． Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The scientist conducted numerous (number)experiments to test his theory. 2．The expert summed (sum)up his complex calculations with remarkable accuracy last week. 3．She was deeply passionate (passion)about social justice and dedicated her life to making a difference. 4．She gently (gentle)whispered some words into his ear，calming his uneasy mind. 5．The founding (found)members of the organization worked tirelessly to bring their vision to life. 6．We watched their ship moving gradually (gradual) farther away. 7．She decided to quit her job，and consequently (consequent)，she had more time to pursue her true passions. 8．Based on the evidence presented，the detective inferred (infer)that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．这位有天赋的科学家决定在一所顶尖大学接受一个教授职位。(take up a position) The gifted scientist decided to take up a position as a professor at a top university. 2．这位革命领导人和他的党在艰苦斗争后上台掌权。(come to power) The revolutionary leader and his party came to power after a long and difficult struggle． 3．由于他疏于学习，因此考试不及格。 (as a consequence) He neglected his studies and，as a consequence，failed the exam. 4．总的来说，由于优秀的团队合作和细致的计划，这个项目取得了巨大的成功。(sum up) To sum up，the project was a great success due to excellent teamwork and careful planning. 5．在任何情况下都不要向任何人透露你的密码。(under no circumstances) Under no circumstances should you reveal your password to anyone. [素能提升练] Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) Being highly successful in any field is pretty rare.It takes a combination of natural talent，luck，determination，and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports，entertainment，or business.But what if competing is all that matters to you，whether you are likely to succeed or not? This was the goal of Michael Edwards，better known as Eddie “The Eagle” Edwards，and his reaching that goal was an amazing achievement. 　　Born in the UK in 1963，Edwards was a passionate downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world-class competitions.He wanted to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics，but there were a large number of downhill competitors，and Edwards didn't qualify.Seeing his chance elsewhere，he switched to ski jumping.Ski jumping didn't cost as much as downhill skiing，and there was almost no competition for a place in the British team. 　　But a number of hurdles could have meant the end of Edwards' dream.He weighed more than most competitors.He had no financial support for his training.Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles(护目镜)—not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes.But he couldn't let any of these discourage him.He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete.Winning wasn't the point.Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about.And nothing could stop him from trying. 　　In the end，Edwards took 55th place at the 1987 World Championships.He then went on to the 1988 Winter Olympics where he finished last.Many athletes would have been embarrassed about this result，but he is proud of his achievements to this day.His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero，and in 2016，the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位叫 Michael Edwards 的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲。他认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛。 1．Why did Edwards choose ski jumping? A．It was more popular. B．It needed fewer skills. C．There was little competition. D．There was free equipment. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He wanted to represent...there was almost no competition for a place in the British team”可知，他想代表自己的国家参加1984 年冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降滑雪选手，Michael Edwards 没有获得参赛资格。看到他在别处的机会，他改行跳台滑雪。跳台滑雪的成本没有速降滑雪那么高，而且(获得)英国队的队员资格几乎没有竞争。可知 Michael Edwards 选择跳台滑雪是因为它竞争小。 2．What does the underlined word“hurdles” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Doubts. B．Difficulties. C．Changes. D．Options. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“He weighed more than...not a good thing...couldn't let any of these discourage him”可知，他的体重比大多数竞争者都重。他的训练没有经济支持。视力差意味着他不得不在护目镜下戴眼镜。这些都是他遇到的障碍，故 B项与画线词意思最接近。 3．What made Edwards outstanding? A．His passion for the sport and competitions. B．His determination to win. C．His attitude to the Olympics. D．His ability to overcome disabilities. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段中的“a passionate downhill skier...world-class competitions”和第三段中的“He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete”可知，Michael Edwards 很喜欢运动和比赛。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Michael Edwards：A Household Athlete B．Michael Edwards：Took Every Chance to Learn　 C．Competition Is All That Matters to Michael Edwards　 D．Nothing Can Stop Michael Edwards Seeking Success　 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了一位叫 Michael Edwards 的运动员，他热爱运动，克服重重困难参加比赛并为自己的成绩骄傲，认为比赛重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛。 Ⅴ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·仙桃中学高二月考) What is a true winner? We may be very 1 Honda. 　　In 1938，Soichiro Honda was still in school，when he started a little workshop.His 2 was to sell piston rings to Toyota.He 3 night and day，believing he could 4 his design and produce a worthy 5 ．Then came the day he took samples(样品)to Toyota，only to be 6 that the rings did not 7 their standards! 　　However，he refused to give up.Rather than focus on his 8 ，he continued working towards his goal.After two more years of 9 ，he won a contract(合同)and needed to build a factory to supply Toyota，but building materials were in short supply.Again he would not quit! He invented a 10 process that enabled him to build the factory.But 11 an earthquake destroyed the factory. 　　Several years later，bicycles became popular due to gas shortage.Honda built a kind of bicycle engine.But he couldn't produce enough engines.Was he ready to 12 now? No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18，000 bicycle shop owners to seek help.5，000 responded and 13 him some money.Finally，his company got great 14 ． 　　Honda succeeded because one man made a truly 15 decision，acted on it and made adjustments(调整)on a continuous basis. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Soichiro Honda 遇到困难绝不放弃并努力克服，最终获得成功的故事。 1．A．familiar with B．aware of C．disappointed at D．grateful to 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“What is a true winner？” 和下文中的“Honda”可知，作者提出问题，接下来引出话题。此处表示“什么是真正的成功者？ 我们对Honda(本田)可能很熟悉”。 2．A．method B．proposal C．intention D．option 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“to sell piston rings to Toyota” 可知，此处表示他的计划。 3．A．complained B．begged C．debated D．labored 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“night and day，believing he could ____ his design and produce a worthy ____”可知，Soichiro Honda 夜以继日地工作，相信他能使他的设计完美，而且生产出一款有价值的产品。 4．A．perfect B．admire C．obtain D．acknowledge 答案：A 解析：参见上题解析。 5．A．product B．material C．analysis D．conclusion 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“Then came the day he took samples(样品)to Toyota”可知，此处表示产品。 6．A．reminded B．told C．taught D．warned 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“However，he refused to give up...his goal”可知，Soichiro Honda 被告知这些活塞环不符合他们的标准。 7．A．meet B．improve C．update D．apply 答案：A 解析：参见上题解析。 8．A．theory B．evaluation C．tension D．failure 答案：D 解析：根据上文中的“However，he refused to give up”可知，他继续朝着他的目标工作，而不是关注他的失败。 9．A．silences B．explanations C．services D．struggles 答案：D 解析：根据本段中的“he continued working”“he won a contract(合同)”可知，又努力了两年之后，他得到了合同。 10．A．previous B．necessary C．special D．slow 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“needed to build a factory to supply Toyota，but building materials were in short supply” 可知，Soichiro Honda 在建造工厂时遇到了材料不足的问题，针对这个问题，他创造了一种特殊的工序去建造工厂。special“特殊的”，符合语境。 11．A．unofficially B．unfortunately C．clearly D．generally 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“an earthquake destroyed the factory”可知，不幸的是，地震摧毁了工厂。 12．A．calm down B．break through C．give up D．sign up 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“Again he would not quit！”和下文中的“No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18，000 bicycle shop owners to seek help”可知，此处表示“他现在准备放弃了吗？”。 13．A．charged B．owed C．awarded D．advanced 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“Finally，his company got great ____ ”和“Honda succeeded”可知，有5 000 名店主给他答复，给他预付了一些钱。 14．A．advice B．success C．experience D．discount 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“Honda succeeded”可知，他的公司取得巨大的成功。 15．A．remarkable B．determined C．reliable D．difficult 答案：B 解析：因为一个人作出了一个真正坚定的决定，然后根据这个决定行事，并且持续地进行调整，(所以)Honda 成功了。determined“坚定的”。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·慈溪中学高二期中) James Watt，born in Scotland in 1736，was an engineer，scientist and 1.________ (invent)．As a child，he was gifted in the areas of maths and science. 　　One day when he was 12 years old，he was sitting in his family kitchen，2.________ (watch)a kettle(水壶)boiling.As the water boiled，the steam(水蒸气)made the top of the kettle move up and down.He thought deeply about what was happening，as steam was only water 3.________ seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top.He reflected further 4.________ the process and wondered how much more power could be created by 5.________ larger amount of water.Later he experimented with steam and 6.________ (eventual)developed the steam engine.This was a great success in improving the Newcomen steam engine，which 7.________ (use)in many areas at the time. 　　Watt's invention changed the course of human history.Steam engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution.With this 8.________ (come)new types of jobs and the availability of new products at 9.________ (low)costs than before.In the area of transportation，steam engines could power trains and boats，which allowed people 10.________ (travel)a greater distance in a much shorter time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名的工程师、科学家和发明家瓦特发明蒸汽机的过程和蒸汽机的意义。 1．答案：inventor 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的“an engineer，scientist and”可知，空处应用名词，故填inventor。 2．答案：watching 解析：考查非谓语动词。主句已有谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语。he和watch之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填watching。 3．答案：but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后形成转折，故填but。 4．答案：on/upon 解析：考查介词。reflect on/upon...表示“认真思考……”，为固定用法。故填on/upon。 5．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。a/an...amount of...表示“……数量的……”，此处larger的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 6．答案：eventually 解析：考查词性转换。空处在句中作状语，表示“最终”，故填eventually。 7．答案：was used 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境和“at the time”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；which 指代 the Newcomen steam engine，与 use 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；which 在从句中作主语且表示单数含义，谓语动词应用单数。故填was used。 8．答案：came 解析：考查动词的时态。本句为完全倒装句，主语为“new types of jobs...than before”，和 come之间为主谓关系；根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填came。 9．答案：lower 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和空后的 than before可知，此处有比较含义，应用形容词的比较级，故填lower。 10．答案：to travel 解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”，是固定用法，故填 to travel。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$