Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Learning about language—Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word

Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures 非限制性定语从句 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The following is part of the story that most of my fellow students show interest in，the title of which① I don't seem to remember. 　　Jane Platt，who② travels to London because of a mysterious letter，is the only person that witnesses a murder at London Victoria Station.The detective to whom she gives her statement disappears.Jane goes to an office to answer the letter that she has received，where ③ she discovers that her uncle Gordon，who lives in South America，has sent her a small box and tells her to open it only at the time when she is in real trouble.Jane，whose④ parents have never mentioned Gordon，is skeptical of the box, which⑤ she gives to her friend Tony.They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves，who has not heard of the murder.Jane gives Groves the murdered man's ticket found beside his body.Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill，from which⑥ the murdered man came.On the train they meet a man, who⑦ says he knows Jane's uncle Gordon. ①关系词which在从句中作of的宾语，指代前面的先行词story。 ②who在从句中作主语，先行词为Jane Platt。 ③先行词为an office，关系词where在从句中作地点状语。 ④先行词为Jane，关系词whose在从句中作定语，修饰parents。 ⑤先行词是the box，指物，关系词which在从句中作gives的宾语。 ⑥“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为Redhill，指物，关系词which在从句中作from的宾语。 ⑦先行词是a man，指人，关系词who在从句中作主语。 学生用书第13页 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句一般指与先行词用逗号隔开的定语从句，是对先行词的附加说明。 This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有非常重要的事情要告诉你。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词多为名词或代词，但which、as作引导词时，被修饰语也可以为整个主句或一部分。 We'll graduate in June，when we will be free.(先行词为名词June) 我们将于六月份毕业，那时我们就自由了。 He has been busy with his work the whole holiday，which has made his girlfriend unhappy.(先行词为主句的内容) 他整个假期都忙于工作，这让他的女朋友很不高兴。 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词) 关系代词 who/ whom 成分及指代意义 例句 who和whom 指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom 作宾语；介词后用 whom，不用 who。 Peter，whom/who you met in London，is going to Paris next week. 你在伦敦遇到的彼得下周要去巴黎。 Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.后来，该药用于疟疾病人，其中大部分都康复了。 whose 指人或物的所有格，作定语，后须跟名词或代词。先行词是人时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of which”。 There are twenty students in this class，whose backgrounds are different. 这个班上有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。 The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 书桌上的书，封面闪闪发亮，是我们的奖品。 which/ as which和as一般指物或事件，可用于指整个主句或一部分，二者均在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 The reader wants to buy the book，which was written by Mo Yan.读者想买莫言写的这本书。 As we can see from the data，the sales have been steadily increasing. 从数据上我们可以看出，销售额一直在稳步增长。 [温馨提示]　(1)that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)which引导非限制性定语从句时不能放于句首，as则可以置于句首。 He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容) 他开会迟到了，这使主席非常生气。 I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which 指代 the house) 我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。 As is known to us all，the 19th Asian Games was held in Hangzhou. 众所周知，第19届亚运会是在杭州举办的。 关系副词 when 成分及指代意义 例句 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，可用“at/in/on＋which”代替。 We will put off the outing until next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 where 指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可用“at/in/on＋which”代替。 Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the park，where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 学生用书第14页 [温馨提示]　why 不能引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用for which 引导从句，作原因状语。 The reason，for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn't clear. 他为何缺席会议，原因不清楚。 [巧学活用1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. (2)A movie is being shown these days，whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home. (3)We have launched another man-made satellite，as/which is announced in today's newspaper. (4)David had a brain disease，which prevented him from walking or running like other children. (5)I recommend my friend Wang Ming，who is one of the most suitable friends to take my place next week. (6)As is often the case，I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper. 三、 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 1．在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用 whom指人，用 which 指物。 I recommend Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem to you，from which I believe you will gain some science fiction knowledge. 我给你推荐刘慈欣的《三体》，相信你会从中学到一些科幻知识。 The committee consists of ten members，all of whom are in favour of the plan. 委员会由十人组成，他们都支持这一方案。 2．当表示静态意义“在某时(地方)”时，介词on/in/at＋which常常可以和when或where互换。用其他介词时则不能用when或where替换。 He worked in a car factory for four years，after which he founded his own company in his hometown. 他在一家汽车厂工作了4年，之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。(不能用when) I left on Sunday，when/on which everyone was at home.我是星期天离开的，那时大家都在家。 [巧学活用2]——用适当的关系代词填空 (1)She gave me two books，both of which I didn't like. (2)Participants，most of whom are middle school students，will meet at the city park. (3)You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms，among which paper-cutting is one of the most popular. (4)When you reached the village，you would first find a house，the windows of which were made of wood. 学生用书第15页 维度一　用适当的关系词填空 1．A young man had a new girlfriend，whom he wanted to impress. 2．We walked down the village street，where they were having market day. 3．Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 4．The government has carried out several new plans，whose benefits are various and obvious. 5．Learning another language is like stepping out of a door，through which I can look back and see more clearly my own language. 6．As is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses，but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures. 7．John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 8．The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls，on which are painted the events of the past. 9．Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. 维度二　语法与写作 1．一年后他又结婚了，这让每个人都感到惊讶。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He got married again a year later，which surprised everybody． 2．我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响与我的决定有很大的关系。(whose引导非限制性定语从句) My physics teacher is my role model，whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision． 3．人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作，在那里他们可以相互学习。(介词＋which或where引导非限制性定语从句) People may also choose to work in a team，where/in which they can learn from each other． 4．迈克是我忠实的朋友，我在他的帮助下克服了那些困难。(whom或whose引导非限制性定语从句) Mike，with whose help/with the help of whom I overcame those difficulties，was a devoted friend of mine. 5．博物馆非常宽敞，为游客提供了一个舒适的欣赏艺术的环境。(which引导非限制性定语从句) The museum is very spacious，which provides visitors with a comfortable environment for appreciating art. 维度三　语法与语篇 阅读下面新情景，用适当的关系词完成语段。 When I first came to the English club，1.where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide，2.whose teacher was a famous professor，communicated with me face to face，from 3.whom I gained some useful instructions.Gradually I adapted to the life there.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，4.who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，to 5.which I devote my energy.6.As our English teacher says，nothing is impossible if you stick to it. 学生用书第16页 课时测评3　Section Ⅲ　Learning about language—Discover useful structures (时间：45分钟　满分：49分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．He likes the beautiful city，where he has lived for a long time. 2．Mr.Smith，whose native language is English，can speak Chinese fluently. 3．There are two buildings，the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high. 4．The children，who wanted to play football，were disappointed when it rained. 5．She gave another piece of advice，which I think is of great help to the research work. 6．The factory produces many shoes every year，80% of which are sold abroad. 7．Dorothy was always showing off her clothes，which，of course，made us a little annoyed. 8．As is known to all，Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her scientific discoveries. 9．The homeless man，who I thought did not buy himself anything to eat，went back into the store. 10．I have invited some friends to the party，most of whom have obtained support from the club. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我们都知道，经常散步对我们的健康有很大的好处。 As we all know/As is well known to us all，walking regularly does a lot of good to our health. 2．她是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。 It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised all of us． 3．金先生的双腿严重受伤，被迅速送往了医院。 Mr.King，whose legs got seriously injured，was quickly taken to hospital. 4．汤姆，一位著名导演，已经创作了很多优秀的影片。 Tom，who is a well-known director，has produced a lot of excellent films. 5．他是个有丰富经验的人，从他那里我们能学到很多。 He is a man of great experience，from whom we can learn a lot． [素能提升练] Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共14分) A (2024·广东东莞万江中学高二10月考) Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821，Helmholtz was one of the 19th century's most knowledgeable scientists，whose name turns up in the history of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster，he had an interest in physics，but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead，because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics，not the vital forces that had been popularly emphasized previously. 　　After earning his medical degree，Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Konigsberg.During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent，so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Konigsberg，he studied the nervous system，optics (光学) and acoustics (声学)，especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖学) and physiology. 　　After some time at the University of Heidelberg，where he became interested in philosophy，in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell's new theory.By this time，he was recognized as one of Germany's premier scientists，until his death in 1894. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。 1．Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology? A．He made the choice for economic difficulty. B．He would like to make himself have more skills. C．He was attracted by a different viewpoint. D．He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“He went to medical school...had been popularly emphasized previously.”可知，Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引。 2．What made Helmholtz popular among scientists? A．His degree in medical science. B．His paper on the conservation of energy. C．His talent in chemistry and physics. D．His achievements as an army surgeon. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.”可知，Helmholtz关于能量守恒的论文使他在科学界很受欢迎。 3．What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph? A．He was a famous philosopher. B．He proved Maxwell's new theory. C．He was a physics professor at Konigsberg. D．He devoted his rest life to physical research. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“After some time at the...of least action for explaining physical phenomena.”可推知，Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究。 B (2024·山东名校考试联盟高二上期中) The 36-year-old Jia Juntingxian was born in Pingxiang，Jiangxi Province，and was blind in both eyes due to congenital eye disease.She has shown athletic talent since childhood and was selected as a track and field athlete by Jiangxi Disabled Persons' Federation. 　　Although she can't see the world，Jia breaks through the “immediate” obstacles again and again while running，letting the world see her.In her sports career，Jia has won 43 national and world-class sports medals.Among them，in 2016，she broke the world record and stood on the podium(领奖台)of the women's T11-T13 4×100-meter relay event at the Rio Paralympics. 　　In 2017，Jia retired and chose to become a teacher at a special education school.Just a year ago，she found out that two young brothers，with visual impairments(视觉障碍)，wanted to be an athlete.They had never attended a special education school and never achieved their athletic dream.Jia could only help them attend a local special education school.The experience made her realize that these children living in remote areas may have little knowledge of special education.Even she didn't know about such schools until late into her education.Therefore，she decided to become more involved with special education. 　　Changing from a Paralympic competitor to a special education teacher，Jia said that there is no discomfort，“Because I understand the students as well as myself and know the inconveniences and difficulties of the children.I hope that every child is like a different seed.Through hard study，they can bravely realize their own life.” 　　Jia also has paid close attention to the rights and interests of disabled people.In 2021，Jia proposed the construction of audible(听得见的)traffic signals for blind people.Her advice to local authorities on dog management has resulted in more indoor public places allowing the disabled to enter with their assistance dogs.Jia and her husband founded a massage(按摩)shop and currently employ 16 visually impaired people，with an average monthly salary of 3，500 yuan per person. 　　Jia always believes that the world is a circle，as long as the love of others is constantly passed on，the whole society will be full of love! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人运动员贾君婷仙奋斗拼搏的历程，以及在成功后致力于残疾人教育事业的故事。 4．What can we learn about Jia from the passage? A．She won 43 sports medals in her country. B．She was strong-minded despite her disability. C．She was good at sports at the age of 5 years old. D．She never won national and world-class sports medals. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一、二段描写可知，尽管天生残疾，但她坚持努力并取得辉煌成绩，所以推断她“意志坚强”。 5．What made Jia decide to occupy herself in special education? A．The high salary of special education. B．Her wish to enrich her life after sports. C．Local government's need for special education. D．Her experience of helping two disabled brothers. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的描写可知，她在帮助两个残疾儿童入读残疾人学校的过程中，意识到教育对残疾人的重要性，因而决心从事残疾人教育。 6．Which of the following best describes Jia in her job on special education? A．Bored and uninterested. B．Caring and responsible. C．Humorous and brave. D．Devoted and selfless. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段她帮助残疾人儿童入学可推断她有爱心(caring)，根据第五段她为残疾人争取权利，可推断她是一个有责任心(responsible)的人。 7．What did Jia do to help the disabled? A．She constructed audible traffic signals. B．She set up a massage shop on her own. C．She advised increasing indoor public places. D．She provided employment opportunity for the blind. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句，她开办按摩店，雇佣视障人员。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每空1分，共10分) A 24-year-old female space commander has become 1.________ Internet celebrity(名人)on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme.The Chang'e-5 mission is China's 2.________ (three)succe ssful Moon landing in seven years.Zhou Chengyu was 3.________ charge of the rocket connector system—described as a key role.Her story in particular has resonated(产生共鸣)with the public given her young age.Social media users have been celebrating her achievement，4.________ (refer)to her as the pride of the country. 　　Despite being the 5.________ (young)commander at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site，Zhou Chengyu is known at work as“Big Sister” as a sign of respect.6.________ (high)responsible for work as she is，Zhou is just like her peers in normal life.The huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared 7.________ (have)much of an effect on her，however. 　　According to her teammate，Zhou Chengyu was very surprised when she 8.________ (find)reports about her went viral online.And she kept saying that she was nobody but an ordinary worker at a launch site，and that there are a lot more people 9.________ go unnoticed while doing the hardest job to ensure a better future of the Chinese space program.She wished to continue doing her work with or without the 10.________ (popular)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的文昌航天发射场指挥员周承钰因参与嫦娥五号探月计划而在中国社交媒体上走红。 1．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一名网络名人，且Internet的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．答案：third 解析：考查数词。此处是指“第三次成功的月球着陆”，所以应用序数词。故填third。 3．答案：in 解析：考查介词。in charge of为固定搭配，意为“负责”。故填in。 4．答案：referring 解析：考查非谓语动词。Social media users 与 refer to 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词-ing形式。故填referring。 5．答案：youngest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据后面的 at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site 和空前的 the 可知，此处是指最年轻的指挥员。故填youngest。 6．答案：Highly 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词 responsible，意为“很，非常”，应用副词。故填Highly。 7．答案：to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。appear to do sth意为“似乎做某事”，为固定用法。故填to have。 8．答案：found 解析：考查动词的时态。根据 was 可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时。故填found。 9．答案：who/that 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 people，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。 10．答案：popularity 解析：考查词性转换。此处作介词with 及 without 的宾语，应用名词形式。故填popularity。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$