专题1 定语从句-2025年高考英语二轮复习【重难点·易错点】查漏补缺（天津专用）

专题一 定语从句 定语从句关系词梳理 关系代词 (在从句中充当主语、宾语 、表语、定语) that which who whom whose as 关系副词(在从句中充当状语) when where why 重难点知识梳理 1. 定语从句as用法 说明下列从句类别 She is not such a woman as would leave her work half done. 定语从句 她不像是那种会对工作半途而废的人。 She is not the same saleswoman that I met yesterday. 定语从句 她不是我昨天遇到的同样的一个销售员。 It is the same appealing tourist attraction as he mentioned. 定语从句 它是一个正如他提到的同样吸引人的景点。 The novel is filled with such vivid descriptions of nature that it transports the reader into the heart of the forest. 状语从句 这部小说充满了对自然界那么生动的描述，以至于它会把读者带入森林的腹地。 The novel is filled with such vivid descriptions of nature as we once witnessed . 定语从句 这部小说充满了对我们曾经见证过的自然景象的生动描述。 As is often the case with boys, they are brave and naughty in their childhood. 定语从句 通常情况下，男孩子们在童年时期勇敢且淘气。 说明： (1) such…as…，as引导定语从句， such…that…., that引导结果状语从句 (2) the same…，as引导定语从句，as翻译为 “正如…一样”，指代先行词为两个物或人； the same…that，that引导定语从句，指代先行词为一个物或人。 (3)as引导非限制性定语从句固定搭配 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 as is well known, 众所周知 as has been said before, 正如之前所说 as is mentioned above, 正如以上提到 as often happens, 正如经常发生的那样 as is often the case, 通常情况下 as we have expected, 正如我们预料的那样， as you can see, 正如你所能看到的 2. 3. whose用法 whose +n. =the +n.+of which/whom 或者of which/ whom+the+n. 替换练习： (1)The house needs repairing，whose windows are broken . =The house needs repairing, the windows of which are broken. 这个房子需要修理，它的窗户破了。 (2)This is my friend’s house, whose car is parked outside. =This is my friend’s house, the car of whom is parked outside. 这是我朋友的家，他的车就停在外面。 4. 介词+关系代词which/whom用法 定语从句中，先行词指人，介词提前时，用关系代词whom; 先行词指物，介词提前时，用关系代词which。 The school to which the kids were sent was large. 孩子们被送去的那所学校很大。 The plane in which I flew to France was comfortable. 我飞到法国乘坐的那个飞机时是舒服的。 The boy with whom I talked a lot just now likes playing football. 刚才我与之谈话的那个男孩现在喜欢踢球。 Polluted air does much harm to us, long-term exposure to which can affect our abilities in language and mathematics. 被污染的空气对我们有很大危害，长时间接触会影响我们的语言和数学能力。 Some experts think reading is a fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育依赖的基本能力。 注意：“短语介词+关系代词”通常引导非限制性定语从句，常用这一结构的短语有because of, as a result of, in front of, at the back of, at the foot of, in the middle of等。 从以上短语中填入合适的词：He lives in a big house, in front of which stand many trees. 他生活在一个大房子里，在房子的前面种着很多树。 5. 名词/代词/数词+of +which/whom用法 Roaring in the picture is a lion, the teeth of which are so scary. 画中的狮子在咆哮，它的牙齿令人害怕。 The company is facing the financial problem，the CEO of which resigned last week 这家公司面临经济问题，他的CEO上周辞职了。 Up to now, he has written many works, some of which are about country life. 直到现在，他已经写了很多作品，其中一些作品有关乡村生活。 There are five students in the class, two of whom are from China. 班级里有5名学生，其中两个学生来自中国。 6. 定语从句中用that不用which的情况 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况 1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?   All that can be done has been done.   There is little that I can do for you.   He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.   2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.   This is the best film that I have ever seen.   3．当先行词被the very, the only，the last修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.  After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.   4．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，避免重复用词。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate?   Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?   5．当先行词既有人又有物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.  Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 6.定语从句中that和who辨析 当定语从句中先行词为someone, anyone, everyone, those等指人时，常用 who. Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished. （替换主语从句） = Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. I don’t care about those who laugh at me. （替换宾语从句） = I don’t care about whoever laughs at me. 7.抽象地点的名词做先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where 这样的表示抽象地点的名词有：situation “情形”, career “事业”,stage, phase “阶段”, point “阶段，程度”, case “情况”, activity “活动”, atmosphere“氛围”等。 Here are some cases where the medicine can work. 这些是这种药可以奏效的情况。 I have reached the point where I can change another job. 我已经达到了我可以换另外一份工作的程度。 易错题盘点： 1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择--取决于先行词在定语从句中充当的成分 ①They reached the place A they had stayed for 3 years. ②They reached the place B they had visited 3 years before. A. where B. which C. whose D. from which ③ We still remember the days C we spent last summer with our schoolmates. ④We still remember the days A we depended on each other last summer. A. when B. in which C. which D. where ⑤He gave me the way B he used to solve math problem. ⑥He showed us the way D he made a presentation. A. where B. which C. by which D. in which 2. 当定语从句先行词为one of +名词复数， the (only) one of +名词复数时, 定语从句的谓语动词不同。 即：定语从句的先行词为one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词为复数；定语从句的先行词为the (only) one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词为单数。 She is one of the most outstanding businesswomen who have contributed to her hometown so far. She is the only one of the most outstanding businesswomen who has contributed to her hometown so far. 3．辨别下列从句的类别 Where there is a lack of communication, misunderstanding often arises. 状语从句 交流不足的地方就会产生误会。 The village where they settled down was once a bustling market town. 定语从句 他们定居下来的村子曾经是一个热热闹闹的市镇。 Where the next meeting will take place is still undecided.名词性从句 下一次会议在哪里进行还没有定下来。 Not until he arrived at the station did he realize where he had left his luggage. 宾语从句 直到他到达了车站他才意识到他把行李落在了哪里。 真 题 演 练 1.(2023.天津.高考真题)Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A. why B. which C. that D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 2.(2022.天津.高考真题)When people think about operating systems__________ were developed for the personal computer, Microsoft may come to mind. A. what B. where C. who D. which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当人们考虑为个人电脑研发的操作系统时，人们想到了微软。分析句子可知，operating systems为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故选D。 3.(2022.天津.高考真题)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 4.（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. A．why B．which C．whom D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。 12．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A．whom B．that C．whose D．her 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。 13．（2017·天津·高考真题）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A．that B．whose C．his D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词作定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词作定语，意为“……的”。故选B。 14．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语。故选B。 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A．that B．when C．where D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：体育世界是一个充满令人兴奋的机会的地方，在那里你可以真正更多地了解自己。根据句子结构可知，“______ you can truly learn more about yourself”是名词“a place”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故选C项。 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工在其中享受工作。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词enjoy可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere“氛围”，先行词表地点或环境，空处表工作的环境或氛围，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选A。 3．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次展出的这幅杰作向我们生动地展示了我们的祖先去狩猎和抵抗野兽的情景。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scene，为抽象地点名词，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，应用关系副词where引导，作地点状语。故选D。 4．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开车十小时后，我们来到了一所温室，透过它的玻璃墙我们看到了许多绿色的植物。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是house，关与空格后的glass wall是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故选C。 5．（2024·天津河东·模拟预测）The orange farm ______ we will visit tomorrow morning also sells chocolates, available in a few varieties. A．where B．when C．which D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们明天上午将参观的橘子农场也出售巧克力，有几种不同的品种。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The orange farm，先行词指物，在从句中作visit的宾语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故选C。 6．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的失败是运气不好造成的，一些球员为此自责。分析句子可知，这里考查blame sb for sth表“为某事责怪某人”，为固定搭配，且这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Our defeat，作介词for后面宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故选B项。 7．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是如此自私，以至于他达到了一个我们团队里没有人想和他说话的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A项。 8．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词accidents“事故”在从句中作地点状语成分。故选D项。 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。 10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业回到家乡后，珍妮发现它不再是以前的那个村庄了。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，village是先行词，从句中缺少表语，因此使用关系代词that引导定语从句，故选A项。 11．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：电影中有数百个这样的场景，其中瓢泼大雨映射出了角色们的悲伤情绪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词为scenes，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 12．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的平等和卓越的教育是我们应该努力追求并进一步深入了解的时代课题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词issues。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D。 13．（2024·天津·二模）He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查关系副词。句意：他在找一份新工作，一份能挣更多的钱来养家的工作。先行词为one ，代指a new job，在定语从句从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故选D项。 14．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for“关心”。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。 15.（2024·天津河北·模拟预测）The digital age enables us to find people _________ share our interests more easily. A．when B．who C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：数字时代使我们更容易找到与我们有共同兴趣的人。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故选B项。 16．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A．that B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司聘请了一位新CEO，其创新理念带来了显著的增长。分析句子结构，空格后为定语从句修饰先行词CEO，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰ideas，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 17．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ______ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．what C．where D．from whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：海地在1月份遭受了一场可怕的地震，几个月后，海地人民仍在遭受地震的影响。此处为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，由句意及空后effects the people are still suffering months later可知从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose，表示所属关系，作定语，修饰名词effects，suffer from...(忍受，遭受，患……病，受……之苦），将介词from提前，故选D项。 18．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常钦佩我的英语老师，因为他总是尽力营造一种可以积极激发学生兴趣的氛围。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。 19．（2024·天津·一模）Liu Cixin has written many scientific fiction books, some of have been translated into other languages. A．them B．that C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刘慈欣写了许多科幻小说，其中一些已被翻译成其他语言。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词many scientific fiction books，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选C。 20．（2024·天津河东·一模）The reason ______Hollywood was a natural place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day A．which B．what C．when D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好莱坞之所以是拍电影的好地方，是因为那里每天都有阳光。分析句子可知，空格处为连词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，定语从句句子成分完整，所以用关系副词why引导，在定语从句中充当原因状语。故选D项。 21．（2024·天津河西·一模）The result is not the same ______they had expected, ______was rather disappointing. A．what, as B．as, that C．as, which D．that, which 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词和定语从句。句意：结果和他们预期的不一样，这是相当令人失望的。the same as是固定短语，意为“与……一样”，因此第一空用as；第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此第二空用which引导定语从句，故选C。 22．（2024·天津河北·一模）Football is a very popular sport, ________ many people like to compete. A．at which B．for which C．in which D．with which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：足球是一项非常受欢迎的运动，许多人喜欢参加这项比赛。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为sport，结合compete的搭配“compete in+比赛”可知，此处先行词作介词in的宾语，in提到前面，其后搭配which。故选C项。 23．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道我把护照放在了一个我认为安全的地方，但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 24．（2023·天津·二模）As well as competitions, there are events such as poetry salons ________ you can share poems with others. A．which B．when C．where D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了比赛，还有诗歌沙龙这样的活动，在那里你可以和别人分享诗歌。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的poetry salons，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。 25．（2023·天津河西·三模）When I went back to my hometown years later, I saw a beautiful park, ______ had been a wasteland for many years. A．that B．who C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：几年后但我回到家乡，我看到了一个美丽的公园，公园已经是一个湿地了。根据句子分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a beautiful park，指物，从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故选D。 26（2023·天津滨海新·三模）The Temple of Heaven is a complex of buildings________emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China worshiped heaven. A．what B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天坛是中国明清两代皇帝朝拜天坛的建筑群。定语从句修饰先行词buildings，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选B。 27．（2023·天津·一模）The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history, at the height of power the country’s population doubled. A．which B．whose C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宋朝是中国历史上一个激动人心的时期，在其鼎盛时期，全国人口翻了一番。空格处引导的是定语从句，Song Dynasty和power之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的whose引导定语从句，故选B。 28.（2023·天津河北·二模）Good advertising, ________ people attach positive meaning, can contribute to the sales of a product. A．to which B．of which C．for which D．on which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。句意：人们赋予积极的意义好广告可以促进产品的销售。分析句子可知，空处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，attach ...to...附上，添加，固定搭配，故此处介词用to，先行词是Good advertising，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which，故选A。 29．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，空处及之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为mistakes，句子表示“我们可以从错误中吸取教训，而不是重蹈覆辙”，所以空处用“from which”，故选C。 30．（2023·天津河东·二模）When I was young, my parents gave me an upbringing prepared me for the life challenges most of us have to face later in life. A．that B．what C．where D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我还小的时候，我的父母给了我一个教育，让我为我们大多数人在以后的生活中面临的生活挑战做好了准备。分析句子结构可知，句中先行词为upbringing ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导。故选A。 $$ 专题一 定语从句 定语从句关系词梳理 关系代词 (在从句中充当主语、宾语 、表语、定语) that which who whom whose as 关系副词(在从句中充当状语) when where why 重难点知识梳理 1. 定语从句as用法 说明下列从句类别 She is not such a woman as would leave her work half done. _____________ 她不像是那种会对工作半途而废的人。 She is not the same saleswoman that I met yesterday. _____________ 她不是我昨天遇到的同样的一个销售员。 It is the same appealing tourist attraction as he mentioned. ____________ 它是一个正如他提到的同样吸引人的景点。 The novel is filled with such vivid descriptions of nature that it transports the reader into the heart of the forest. ______________ 这部小说充满了对自然界那么生动的描述，以至于它会把读者带入森林的腹地。 The novel is filled with such vivid descriptions of nature as we once witnessed ._____________ 这部小说充满了对我们曾经见证过的自然景象的生动描述。 As is often the case with boys, they are brave and naughty in their childhood. ______________ 通常情况下，男孩子们在童年时期勇敢且淘气。 说明： (1) such…as…，as引导___________从句， such…that…., that引导____________从句 (2) the same…，as引导___________从句，as翻译为 “正如…一样”，指代先行词为两个物或人； the same…that，that引导____________从句，指代先行词为一个物或人。 (3)as引导非限制性定语从句固定搭配 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 as is well known, __________________ as has been said before, ________________ as is mentioned above, ________________ as often happens, ____________________ as is often the case, _________________ as we have expected, ___________________ as you can see, ____________________ 2. 3. whose用法 whose +n. =__________________________或者_______________________ 替换练习： (1)The house needs repairing，whose windows are broken . =The house needs repairing,_____________________________ 这个房子需要修理，它的窗户破了。 (2)This is my friend’s house, whose car is parked outside. =This is my friend’s house,_______________________________ 这是我朋友的家，他的车就停在外面。 4. 介词+关系代词which/whom用法 定语从句中，先行词指人，介词提前时，用关系代词whom; 先行词指物，介词提前时，用关系代词which。 The school____________ the kids were sent was large. 孩子们被送去的那所学校很大。 The plane _____________I flew to France was comfortable. 我飞到法国乘坐的那个飞机时是舒服的。 The boy _____________ I talked a lot just now likes playing football. 刚才我与之谈话的那个男孩现在喜欢踢球。 Polluted air does much harm to us, long-term exposure ____________can affect our abilities in language and mathematics. 被污染的空气对我们有很大危害，长时间接触会影响我们的语言和数学能力。 Some experts think reading is a fundamental skill____________school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育依赖的基本能力。 注意：“短语介词+关系代词”通常引导非限制性定语从句，常用这一结构的短语有because of, as a result of, in front of, at the back of, at the foot of, in the middle of等。 从以上短语中填入合适的词：He lives in a big house, ______________ stand many trees. 他生活在一个大房子里，在房子的前面种着很多树。 5. 名词/代词/数词+of +which/whom用法 Roaring in the picture is a lion, the teeth_____________are so scary. 画中的狮子在咆哮，它的牙齿令人害怕。 The company is facing the financial problem，the CEO______________resigned last week 这家公司面临经济问题，他的CEO上周辞职了。 Up to now, he has written many works, some ____________are about country life. 直到现在，他已经写了很多作品，其中一些作品有关乡村生活。 There are five students in the class, two_____________ are from China. 班级里有5名学生，其中两个学生来自中国。 6. 定语从句中用that不用which的情况 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况 (1)．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything ________ Mr. Li said?   All ________ can be done has been done.   There is little _________ I can do for you.   He stayed in the library and looked up any information ________ they needed.  (2)．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如： The first place _________ they visited in London was the Big Ben.   This is the best film__________ I have ever seen.   (3)．当先行词被the very, the only，the last修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary ___________ I want to buy.  After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___________ he owns.   (4)．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，避免重复用词。如： Who is the man __________  is standing by the gate?   Which is the T-shirt __________ fits me most?   (5)．当先行词既有人又有物时。如： They talked about the persons and things ___________ they remembered at school.  Look at the man and his donkey __________ are walking up the street. 6.定语从句中that和who辨析 当定语从句中先行词为someone, anyone, everyone, those等指人时，常用 who. Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished. （替换主语从句） = ____________________________________________________________________________ I don’t care about those who laugh at me. （替换宾语从句） = ____________________________________________________________________________ 7.抽象地点的名词做先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where 这样的表示抽象地点的名词有：situation “情形”, career “事业”,stage, phase “阶段”, point “阶段，程度”, case “情况”, activity “活动”, atmosphere“氛围”等。 Here are some cases______________ the medicine can work. 这些是这种药可以奏效的情况。 I have reached the point _____________ I can change another job. 我已经达到了我可以换另外一份工作的程度。 易错题盘点： 1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择--取决于先行词在定语从句中充当的成分 ①They reached the place_________they had stayed for 3 years. ②They reached the place _________they had visited 3 years before. A. where B. which C. whose D. from which ③ We still remember the days ___________ we spent last summer with our schoolmates. ④We still remember the days___________ we depended on each other last summer. A. when B. in which C. which D. where ⑤He gave me the way___________ he used to solve math problem. ⑥He showed us the way____________ he made a presentation. A. where B. which C. by which D. in which 2. 当定语从句先行词为one of +名词复数， the (only) one of +名词复数时, 定语从句的谓语动词不同。 即：定语从句的先行词为one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词为复数；定语从句的先行词为the (only) one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词为单数。 She is one of the most outstanding businesswomen who _________ contributed to her hometown so far. She is the only one of the most outstanding businesswomen who ________ contributed to her hometown so far. 3．辨别下列从句的类别 Where there is a lack of communication, misunderstanding often arises.______________ 交流不足的地方就会产生误会。 The village where they settled down was once a bustling market town.______________ 他们定居下来的村子曾经是一个热热闹闹的市镇。 Where the next meeting will take place is still undecided._______________ 下一次会议在哪里进行还没有定下来。 Not until he arrived at the station did he realize where he had left his luggage. _______________ 直到他到达了车站他才意识到他把行李落在了哪里。 真 题 演 练 1.(2023.天津.高考真题)Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A. why B. which C. that D. where 2.(2022.天津.高考真题)When people think about operating systems__________ were developed for the personal computer, Microsoft may come to mind. A. what B. where C. who D. which 3.(2022.天津.高考真题)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 4.（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．where B．which C．that D．when 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson. A．which B．when C．where D．who 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．why B．where C．which D．what 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. A．why B．which C．whom D．where 12．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A．whom B．that C．whose D．her 13．（2017·天津·高考真题）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A．that B．whose C．his D．who 14．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go. A．that B．where C．which D．why 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A．that B．when C．where D．what 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 3．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 4．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 5．（2024·天津河东·模拟预测）The orange farm ______ we will visit tomorrow morning also sells chocolates, available in a few varieties. A．where B．when C．which D．whom 6．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 7．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 8．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 11．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 12．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 13．（2024·天津·二模）He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 14．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 15.（2024·天津河北·模拟预测）The digital age enables us to find people _________ share our interests more easily. A．when B．who C．which D．where 16．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A．that B．whose C．which D．who 17．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ______ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．what C．where D．from whose 18．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 19．（2024·天津·一模）Liu Cixin has written many scientific fiction books, some of have been translated into other languages. A．them B．that C．which D．what 20．（2024·天津河东·一模）The reason ______Hollywood was a natural place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day A．which B．what C．when D．why 21．（2024·天津河西·一模）The result is not the same ______they had expected, ______was rather disappointing. A．what, as B．as, that C．as, which D．that, which 22．（2024·天津河北·一模）Football is a very popular sport, ________ many people like to compete. A．at which B．for which C．in which D．with which 23．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 24．（2023·天津·二模）As well as competitions, there are events such as poetry salons ________ you can share poems with others. A．which B．when C．where D．what 25．（2023·天津河西·三模）When I went back to my hometown years later, I saw a beautiful park, ______ had been a wasteland for many years. A．that B．who C．when D．which 26（2023·天津滨海新·三模）The Temple of Heaven is a complex of buildings________emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China worshiped heaven. A．what B．where C．which D．when 27．（2023·天津·一模）The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history, at the height of power the country’s population doubled. A．which B．whose C．where D．when 28.（2023·天津河北·二模）Good advertising, ________ people attach positive meaning, can contribute to the sales of a product. A．to which B．of which C．for which D．on which 29．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom 30．（2023·天津河东·二模）When I was young, my parents gave me an upbringing prepared me for the life challenges most of us have to face later in life. A．that B．what C．where D．whose $$