Unit 1 Lights,Camera,Action! Grammar 主谓一致 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册

Unit1 Lights, camera, action Grammar：主谓一致 主谓一致的定义个三大原则 主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 （1）动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 ①Smoking is a bad habit. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。 ②To have known you is a privilege. 认识了你真是荣幸。 ③what you can see here is that you get this interesting pattern. 现在你们可以看到这个有趣的图形。 ④Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.　 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 （2）主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ①Coursework, as well as exam results, is taken into account. 除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。 ②I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 ③The teacher, along with his students, was present at the meeting yesterday. 这个老师和他的学生都参加了昨天会议 （3）and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①Mike and Sue are always rowing. 迈克和休总是吵架 ②Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities. 北京和上海都是大都会。 注意：如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 ②A knife and fork is easy for English people. 一副刀叉对于英国人来说是容易的。 （4）定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 ①This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.　 这是莫言所写的小说之一。 ②She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class. 她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。 ③I, who am your friend, will help you. 我是你的朋友，我将会帮助你 （5）“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 ①Many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。 ②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.　 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 （二）意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 （1）集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 ①Almost every family in the country owns a television. 这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。 ②My family are sports fans. 我们一家人是体育迷。 注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ①The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.　 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。 ②The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever. 中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 （2）“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 ①About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 ②Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.　 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 （3）“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人并不都是高兴的。 （4）a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 ①A quantity of money is needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的金钱。 ②A quantity of workers are needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的工人。 ③With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 （5）“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。 （6）表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 ①Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 ② Three years is a long time for me. 对我来说三年是一段漫长的时间 （三）就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 （1）由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ①Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影 ②Neither you nor I am good at English . 你不擅长英语，我也不擅长 （2）在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ①There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 ②There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table. 在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。 一. 单句语法填空 1. Either you or I ________ (be) going to have to take him to the shop. 2. Fish and chips ________ (be) a famous British dish. 3. Skipping meals ________ (be) a bad way to lose weight. 4. "Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step ________ (show)." 5. There is a grocery near the school. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) well in that grocery. 6. When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 7. Neither I nor Amy __________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another. 9. So far, there _________ (be) some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 10. It is Mike, not you, that ________ responsible for this big mistake. 11. The teacher, as well as her students, ________ (invite) to attend the meeting. 12. The population of Jiangsu __________(grow) to more than twice what it was in 1949 and one-third of the population __________(be) farmers. 13. Present at the party ________ (be) a crowd of young people who called themselves pioneers of modern art. 14. A large percentage of the population in our country _____ (be) farmers. 15. Last year large amounts of money ____________ (spend) on building the bridge. 二.短文语法填空 Our school library，along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools'.There 1._________(be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2._________(be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars.Maybe 200, 000 dollars 3._________(be) large to every student.In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4_________ (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.Many a student 5._________(like) to surf the Internet at weekends here，and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6._________(play) computer games there.When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7._________(deliver) a speech.Each boy and each girl 8._________(focus) on his interesting speech. ( 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit1 Lights, camera, action Grammar：主谓一致 主谓一致的定义个三大原则 主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 （1）动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 ①Smoking is a bad habit. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。 ②To have known you is a privilege. 认识了你真是荣幸。 ③what you can see here is that you get this interesting pattern. 现在你们可以看到这个有趣的图形。 ④Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.　 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 （2）主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ①Coursework, as well as exam results, is taken into account. 除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。 ②I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 ③The teacher, along with his students, was present at the meeting yesterday. 这个老师和他的学生都参加了昨天会议 （3）and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①Mike and Sue are always rowing. 迈克和休总是吵架 ②Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities. 北京和上海都是大都会。 注意：如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 ②A knife and fork is easy for English people. 一副刀叉对于英国人来说是容易的。 （4）定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 ①This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.　 这是莫言所写的小说之一。 ②She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class. 她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。 ③I, who am your friend, will help you. 我是你的朋友，我将会帮助你 （5）“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 ①Many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。 ②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.　 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 （二）意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 （1）集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 ①Almost every family in the country owns a television. 这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。 ②My family are sports fans. 我们一家人是体育迷。 注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ①The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.　 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。 ②The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever. 中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 （2）“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 ①About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 ②Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.　 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 （3）“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人并不都是高兴的。 （4）a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 ①A quantity of money is needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的金钱。 ②A quantity of workers are needed for the project. 这个项目需要大量的工人。 ③With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 （5）“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。 （6）表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 ①Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 ② Three years is a long time for me. 对我来说三年是一段漫长的时间 （三）就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 （1）由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ①Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影 ②Neither you nor I am good at English . 你不擅长英语，我也不擅长 （2）在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ①There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 ②There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table. 在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。 一. 单句语法填空 1. Either you or I ________ (be) going to have to take him to the shop. 2. Fish and chips ________ (be) a famous British dish. 3. Skipping meals ________ (be) a bad way to lose weight. 4. "Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step ________ (show)." 5. There is a grocery near the school. Both bread and butter ________ (sell) well in that grocery. 6. When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 7. Neither I nor Amy __________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another. 9. So far, there _________ (be) some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 10. It is Mike, not you, that ________ responsible for this big mistake. 11. The teacher, as well as her students, ________ (invite) to attend the meeting. 12. The population of Jiangsu __________(grow) to more than twice what it was in 1949 and one-third of the population __________(be) farmers. 13. Present at the party ________ (be) a crowd of young people who called themselves pioneers of modern art. 14. A large percentage of the population in our country _____ (be) farmers. 15. Last year large amounts of money ____________ (spend) on building the bridge. Keys: 1-9: am，is， is， shows, sell, are removed; is, are, has been 10-15:is, was invited, has grown; are, were, are, were spent 二.短文语法填空 Our school library，along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools'.There 1.are(be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2.is(be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars.Maybe 200, 000 dollars 3.is(be) large to every student.In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4.have (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.Many a student 5.likes(like) to surf the Internet at weekends here，and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6.are playing(play) computer games there.When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7.is delivering(deliver) a speech.Each boy and each girl 8.is focusing(focus) on his interesting speech. ( 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$