第04讲 单项选择之代词&介词（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习（天津专用）

( 第 0 4 讲： 单项选择之 代 词& 介 词 ) 1、 考试要求 高考考试对代词的要求是要掌握代词的词义辨析，对介词的要求主要是介词短语意义的辨析。 2、 命题分析 年份 代词 难度系数 介词 难度系数 2023 one一个 0.65 in honor of为了纪念 0.65 —————— ————— in terms of就……而言；从……方面（说来） 0.65　 2021 —————— ————— by means of用，依靠，借助于 0.65 2020 —————— ———— in pursuit of追求 0.65 2020 —————— ————— on a tight schedule日程很紧； n the shape of呈……形状 0.65 2019 —————— ———— those 0.65　 —————— ————— in spite of尽管，不管 0.65　 2018 —————— —————　 them代指前文的tools 0.85　 根据上表考情分析可知，近几年高考单项选择题对代词的考查主要侧重代词词义的辨析；对介词的考查则侧重介词短语辨析。 介词 考点一、表示时间的介词的用法 要点精讲1：表示时间的介词at, on, in ①at表示在某一时刻或时间点。如：at 8 a.m.。常用词组有： at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。 ②on指具体的或特定的日子。如： on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。 ③in表示在某段时间内，如:年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。如： in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。 【即时训练】单句填空 1.（2022重庆）It began on January 19 and finished ___________ the early morning of January 20. 2. The train leaves ____ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _______ 5:30 pm. 3. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then even though he’s _______ his nineties. 4.______ November 2017, Marshall saw a person lying in the street after being hit by a car.  要点精讲2：表示时间的for, since与from ①for后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如： Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。 ②since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如： We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自从2005年以来，我们彼此没见过面。 ③from“自……起”，可与多种时态连用。如： 【即时训练】单句填空 5.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for？ —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here ______more than two hours. 6._______ mid-March to mid-April every year, it is the best time to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms.  7. Chinese tea culture has witnessed a long history _________ the Tang Dynasty. 要点精讲3：表示时间的in与after ①in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。 ②after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如：After two months, he returned. 两个月后，他回来了。 注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如： After seven, the rain began to fall. 七点后开始下雨。 We will leave after lunch. 我们将在午饭后动身。 【即时训练】单句填空 8. My father will be back ________ three days. 9.My father will be back ________ three o'clock. 10.My father came back ________ three days/three days later. 要点精讲4：表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond ①before 的用法：before “早于；在……之前”。如： The new road will be completed before the end of the year.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 ②by 的用法：表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”；表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。如： All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。 He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。 ③until 和 till 的用法： until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止；在否定句中和非延续性动词连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till 意义与 until 相同。如： He works from morning till night, day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。 ④表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于” 。如： It won't go on beyond midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。 【即时训练】单句填空 11.（2021年全国乙卷）Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _________ the late 1980s. 12. __________ this time next year you will have been in college for a year. 13. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours. 考点二、表示方位的介词的用法 要点精讲1：表示方位的介词in, on, to, off 四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in 表示在某范围之内；to 表示在某范围之外；on 表示“毗邻”“接壤”；off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如： Beijing is in the north of China. 北京位于华北。 North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。 The boat was anchored off the northern coast of the peninsula. 那只船停泊在了离半岛北海岸不远处。 【即时训练】单句填空 14.Shandong Province is/lies ________ the east of China. 15.Shandong Province is/lies ________ the northeast of Hubei Province. 16.Mongolia is/lies ________ the north of China. 17.Lily lives in a flat just ________ Park Avenue. 要点精讲2：表示“穿过……”的through, across与over through指从内部穿过；across则指表面上的横穿；over指从上方过去、跨越。如： The elephant can’t go through the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。 I help the blind man across the road. 我帮助那位盲人过马路。 He climbed over the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。 【即时训练】单句填空 18. Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music. 19. The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, __________tunnels and _______ rivers.  要点精讲3：表示“在……之间”的between 和among ①between一般表示两者之间；有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。如： You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。 ②among多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。 I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。 The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。 Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。 【即时训练】单句填空 20. (2017天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _______ trees that are over 1,000 years old. 21.（2021年浙江）The study found that _______1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. 22. (四川2007)Some students often listen to music ________ classes to refresh themselves. 要点精讲4：表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath above 在某物的斜上方；below 在某物的斜下方；over 在某物的正上方；under 在某物的正下方；on 在某物的上面(两者接触)；beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触) We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。  The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road.  They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。 【即时训练】单句填空 23. Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now ________ construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 24.A great person is always putting others’ interests ________ his own. 25. And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20. 考点三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词的用法 要点精讲： ①by涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。 by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship We can realize our dream by working hard. 通过努力我们可以实现梦想。 You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。 ②with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。 He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 ③in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如： The book was written in Chinese.这本书是用中文写的。 He spoke in a loud voice. 他大声说话。 Please write in ink，not in pencil. 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。 ④on表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。如 She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。 【即时训练】单句填空 26. I usually go to school ______ my dad’s car, while my brother goes to school _____ foot. 27. (2016全国Ⅲ)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________their hands. 28. A couplet writer may show his feelings ________ means of describing the scenery or expressing his wishes in his works. 考点四、表示"原因或理由"的介词的用法 要点精讲： 介词 用法 例句 for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famous, known, praise, punish等 Xi'an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。 at 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如happy, pleased, angry, delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因 He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很惊讶。 with 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强调随着心理变化而产生的情感变化 He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。 from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因 She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。 of 多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些与情感相关的形容词后 Her friend died of cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。 His father is proud of him.他父亲为他感到骄傲。 【即时训练】单句填空 29. You don’t need to apologize __________ a minor slip. 30. Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, ___________ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore. 考点五、表示“除了……”的介词的用法 要点精讲：①besides指“除了……还有”，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义。作连接副词时，意为“此外”。如： Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会议。 ②but作介词时，意为“除了(……之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等词和其他疑问词后面。如： Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？ ③except与except for都意为“除……外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except for后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节。如： The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。 His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。 【即时训练】单句填空 31. ________those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in an effort to promote the sport among young people. 32. He goes to the library every day ________when he is not well. 考点六、两组高频易混介词比较 要点精讲1：表示支持、反对的介词for, against 介词 词义 例句 against 反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在……的衬托下，与……比赛 She was forced to marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。 That's against the law. 那是违法的。 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。 for 支持，赞成，与in favor of同义 Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？ 【即时训练】单句填空 33. Mary sold the house even though it was​​________ her husband's wish. 34. Our National Flag stands out brightly ________ the blue sky. 35. (2020山东)Museums must compete _______people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 要点精讲2：表示“像……”的介词as, like as用作介词，指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如： Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲) Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友。 like用作介词，意为“像……一样”。如： Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲) He looks like his father. 他长得像他父亲。 【即时训练】单句填空 36. You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds ________ a lot of fun. 37. We start with small talk， a polite conversation about something ______ traffic or weather. 38. For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ________ her favorite part of being alive. 考点七、高频介词用法思维导图 考点八、八个高频介词用法归纳 要点精讲1：against （1）反对（反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 （2）违背，违抗，违反 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 （3）紧靠；倚 Place the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上。 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 （4）迎着；逆着 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 （5）撞击，碰着 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 （6）映衬；相映；对照 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 （7）不利于   an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 要点精讲2：by （1）到…为止；不迟于 They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。 I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。 【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。 （2）按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如： They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。 As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。 The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。 （3）乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。 by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路 但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如： We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。 （4）凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段） He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。 （5）表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词） Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 （6）表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词） The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。 She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。 （7）在…旁边 Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。 （8）从看；依；按照 By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了? 要点精讲3：for （1）因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 （2）（表示目的地或方向）向；前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ （3）支持；赞成（反义词：against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 （4）就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。 The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。 （5）对于；至于；关于 For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 （6）(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。 （7）（表示目的或功能）为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 （8）（表示对象）为了，给，对于 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？ （9） (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语) Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？ It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 要点精讲4：from （1） (表示时间)从…起，始于 She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。 （2）(表示范围或状态)从…(到…) He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。 Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。 （3） (表示距离)离(某处)… Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。 （4）（表示来源）来自；出自 He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。 （5） (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止 The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。 （6）(表示区别、比较) He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。 I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。 （7）(表示原料) 由…(制成) Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。 （8）（表示原因）因为,由于 He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。 He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖 （9）(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断) From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。 The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。 要点精讲5：through （1）从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过） The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。 The River Thames flows through London. 泰晤士河流经伦敦。 The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。 （2）通过，凭借（方法手段） Those who seek to grab power through violence deserve punishment.企图通过暴力夺权的人理应受到惩罚。 You simply can't get a ticket through official channels. 通过官方渠道是压根儿搞不到票的。 You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement. 我是从报纸广告上得悉有此职位的。 （3）由于，因为 He became ill through overwork. 他因工作过于劳累而病倒了。 It was through him that I missed my train.就是因为他，我才误了火车。 They are understood to have retired through age or ill health.据知他们是因年龄或健康问题而退休。 The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。 （4）自始至终；从头到尾/底 We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。 They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。 We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。 （5）经受；经历 The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。 要点精讲6：under （1）[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下 She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。 All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。 （2）[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下 Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。 The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。 The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。 （3）[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下 He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。 The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。 He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。 （4）[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下) I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。 He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。 He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。 （5）在（…状况或条件）下 His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。 Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。 The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。 （6）用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名） He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。 The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。 要点精讲7：under （1）在…上 He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。 He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。 She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。 （2）一…即…；一…就… Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。 Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。 （3）将要发生；马上来临 The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。 The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。 【短语】 once upon a time很久以前 look down upon瞧不起 upon my word 的确；我发誓 要点精讲8：with （1）与…（在）一起 Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。 I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。 Do you want to walk home with me? 你愿意和我一道走回家吗 （2）[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着 He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。 We bought a house with a garden. 我们买了一座带花园的房子。 China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。 I have no money with me. 我没有带钱 （3）[表方式、手段或工具]以；用 He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。 She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。 注： ①用英语说：speak in English ②用钢笔写：write in ink ③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar （4）[表材料或内容]以；用 Fill the glass with wine. 把杯子装满酒。 The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。 （5）[表状态]在…的情况下；…地 He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。 I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。 注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如： with care=carefully 认真地 with kindness=kindly 亲切地 with joy=joyfully 高兴地 with anger=angrily 生气地 with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地 with delight=delightedly 高兴地 with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地 （6）[表让步]尽管，虽然 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 （7）[表条件]若是；如果 With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。 注：表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如： With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。 With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。 （8）[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为) Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。 She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。 He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。 Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。 Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。 （9）[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后 With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。 With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。 （10）[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化） The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。 Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。 The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。 比较：with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如： He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。 People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。 （11）[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时 Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。 （12）赞成；同意 I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。 （13）[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说 He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。 The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。 It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。 （14）[表对立或敌对]对立；反对 The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。 He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。 （15）与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against） sail with the wind顺风驶船 swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳 （16）伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情） With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。 The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。 代词 考点一、it的用法 要点精讲1： it典型场合 典型示例 替代it：it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。 Learning is a bitter root, but it bears sweet fruit.学习根苦果甜。 I have bought a chair. It is made of wood.我买了一把椅子。它是木头做的。 The baby cried because it was hungry. 这个婴儿饿得啼哭。 代词it: it指时间、距离、天气等。 It's 112 miles from London to Birmingham. 从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。 What time is it? It’s two-thirty. 几点了？现在是两点半。 形式it: it用作形式主语、宾语，不定式、动名词或从句作真正主语 He found it exciting riding the roller coaster. 他觉得坐过山车很刺激。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It's a pity that you have to go so soon.很遗憾你这么快就得走了。 强调it: it用在强调句it's …who/that…中强调主语，宾语或状语 It was his parents that he turned to for advice.他向父母寻求建议。 It was two years ago that I began to learn drawing. 正是在两年前我开始学习绘画。 无实义it: it仅构成句型，无实义 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.我能按时完成工作得感谢你。 I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.我会确保一切按时准备好。 习语it: it用于一些习惯搭配中 Believe it or not, Tom got married last week.信不信由你，汤姆上周结婚了。 We made it to the summit of the mountain. 我们成功的登上了山顶。 要点精讲2： it作形式主语 ①It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜…… ②It is no wonder that ... 难怪…… ③It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来…… ④It looks/seems as if/as though ...看起来好像…… ⑤It happens that ... 碰巧…… ⑥It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...某人突然想起…… ⑦It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道…… ⑧It is certain that ... ……是一定的 ⑨It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处 ⑩It takes sb some time to do...做……花费某人若干时间 it作形式宾语 ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb to do/that…从句 ②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋no use/a waste of time/ ...＋doing ... 考点二、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法 要点精讲1： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves You, he and I are in different classes. 你、他和我都在不同班级。 Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy. 让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。 He invited some friends of his to his party. 他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。 The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest. 那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。 要点精讲2：反身代词 ①基本用法 反身代词 ②常见搭配 与介词搭配 by oneself 独自地 for oneself 替自己；为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身 与动词搭配 apply oneself to 专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 考点三、 指示代词用法 要点精讲： 典型用法 典型示例 it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。 that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。 those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。 one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？ ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。 the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。 the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。 such倒装句，考虑就近一致 Such is the result of the contest. 这就是竞赛的结果。 限时训练：在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 26. (全国2012II) Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 27. (浙江2012) Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald's. 28.(福建2011)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ______ based on your own interests. 29. (辽宁2009) ______ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. 30. (山东2010) Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. 31. (重庆2011)--Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. --What do you think of ______ over there? 32.At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine. 33. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _________who had already taken them. 34. My pen is missing. I still haven’t found _________. I want to buy a new _______. 35. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper. 考点四、不定代词用法 要点精讲1：each, both, all等不定代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。 both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。 all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。 either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。 neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。 none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。 another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains  continued  another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗？ other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有？ others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind.  不要期望别人能看出你的心思。 the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。 the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car.  别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。 要点精讲2： 典型用法 典型示例 few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。 a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。 little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。 many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。 much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。 限时训练四：结合语境用上述单词或词组的适当形式填空。 51.I try to visit my parents every ________ weeks.  52.He was advised to smoke ________ cigarettes and drink ________ beer.  53.But after the phone call, the journalist promised to ask ________ friends to teach him.  54.New drivers have twice as ________many accidents as experienced drivers. 55.Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are ________ likely to suffer from depression 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Dragon Boat Festival is held ________ Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China. A．in honor of B．in search of C．in the hope of D．in the face of 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．it B．that C．this D．one 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）China is a shining example for the global community to follow _________developing green industry to fight climate change. A．in addition to B．in return for C．in terms of D．in agreement with 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Nowadays many people travel across China ________ high-speed trains. A．on behalf of B．by means of C．at cost of D．in terms of 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Modern women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent _________their goal. A．in pursuit of B．in return for C．in touch with D．in contrast to 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am __________ and have to catch the 11:00 train. A．on a limited budget B．in high spirits C．on a tight schedule D．in deep doubt 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey. A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of C．at the mercy of D．on the side of 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A．ones B．those C．these D．them 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. A．According to B．Instead of C．In addition to D．In spite of 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones ( 第 4 页 共 26 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 第 0 4 讲： 单项选择之 代 词& 介 词 ) 1、 考试要求 高考考试对代词的要求是要掌握代词的词义辨析，对介词的要求主要是介词短语意义的辨析。 2、 命题分析 年份 代词 难度系数 介词 难度系数 2023 one一个 0.65 in honor of为了纪念 0.65 —————— ————— in terms of就……而言；从……方面（说来） 0.65　 2021 —————— ————— by means of用，依靠，借助于 0.65 2020 —————— ———— in pursuit of追求 0.65 2020 —————— ————— on a tight schedule日程很紧； n the shape of呈……形状 0.65 2019 —————— ———— those 0.65　 —————— ————— in spite of尽管，不管 0.65　 2018 —————— —————　 them代指前文的tools 0.85　 根据上表考情分析可知，近几年高考单项选择题对代词的考查主要侧重代词词义的辨析；对介词的考查则侧重介词短语辨析。 介词 考点一、表示时间的介词的用法 要点精讲1：表示时间的介词at, on, in ①at表示在某一时刻或时间点。如：at 8 a.m.。常用词组有： at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。 ②on指具体的或特定的日子。如： on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。 ③in表示在某段时间内，如:年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。如： in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。 【即时训练】单句填空 1.（2022重庆）It began on January 19 and finished ___________ the early morning of January 20. 2. The train leaves ____ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _______ 5:30 pm. 3. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then even though he’s _______ his nineties. 4.______ November 2017, Marshall saw a person lying in the street after being hit by a car.  【答案与解析】 1. 解析：句意：从1月19日开始，到1月20日凌晨结束。on +具体时间，the early morning of January 20是具体时间，用介词on。故填on。 2.解析：在…几点钟，用at；第二空before /by 均可。 3,解析： in his nineties意为“在他九十多岁”，再根据句意可知填in。 4.【解析】此处表示"在2017年的11月",在月份前,介词用in,且该空位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故此处填 In。 要点精讲2：表示时间的for, since与from ①for后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如： Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。 ②since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如： We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自从2005年以来，我们彼此没见过面。 ③from“自……起”，可与多种时态连用。如： 【即时训练】单句填空 5.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for？ —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here ______more than two hours. 6._______ mid-March to mid-April every year, it is the best time to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms.  7. Chinese tea culture has witnessed a long history _________ the Tang Dynasty. 【答案与解析】 5.解析：根据“We have been...more than two hours.”的意思，可知本空应填for。 6.解析：句意:每年的三月中旬到四月中旬,是观赏漂亮樱花的最好时节。from...to...表示"从……到……",符合句意。该空位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填From。 7. 解析：句意：自从唐朝以来，中国茶文化见证了悠久的历史。since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时连用。故填since。 要点精讲3：表示时间的in与after ①in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。 ②after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如：After two months, he returned. 两个月后，他回来了。 注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如： After seven, the rain began to fall. 七点后开始下雨。 We will leave after lunch. 我们将在午饭后动身。 【即时训练】单句填空 8. My father will be back ________ three days. 9.My father will be back ________ three o'clock. 10.My father came back ________ three days/three days later. 【答案与解析】 8.解析：句意：我父亲将在三天以后回来。in+时间段，一般用于将来时。故填in。 9.解析：句意：我父亲将在3点后回来。after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。故填after。 10.解析：句意：我父亲是三天后回来的。after+时间段，一般用于过去时。故填after。 要点精讲4：表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond ①before 的用法：before “早于；在……之前”。如： The new road will be completed before the end of the year.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 ②by 的用法：表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”；表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。如： All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。 He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。 ③until 和 till 的用法： until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止；在否定句中和非延续性动词连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till 意义与 until 相同。如： He works from morning till night, day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。 ④表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于” 。如： It won't go on beyond midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。 【即时训练】单句填空 11.（2021年全国乙卷）Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _________ the late 1980s. 12. __________ this time next year you will have been in college for a year. 13. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours. 【答案与解析】 11.解析：句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。 12.解析：句意：到明年这个时候你已经上大学一年了。.by到……时间为止，与完成时态连用。故填by。 13. 解析：句意：对不起, 女士, 你最好明天来, 因为已经过了开放期了。beyond:（时间）晚于, 迟于。故填beyond。 考点二、表示方位的介词的用法 要点精讲1：表示方位的介词in, on, to, off 四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in 表示在某范围之内；to 表示在某范围之外；on 表示“毗邻”“接壤”；off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如： Beijing is in the north of China. 北京位于华北。 North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。 The boat was anchored off the northern coast of the peninsula. 那只船停泊在了离半岛北海岸不远处。 【即时训练】单句填空 14.Shandong Province is/lies ________ the east of China. 15.Shandong Province is/lies ________ the northeast of Hubei Province. 16.Mongolia is/lies ________ the north of China. 17.Lily lives in a flat just ________ Park Avenue. 【答案与解析】 14.解析：句意：山东省在/位于中国东部。in表示“在某范围之内”。故填in。 15.解析：句意：山东省在/位于湖北省东北边。to表示“在某范围之外”。故填to。 16.解析：句意：蒙古在/位于中国北边。on表示“两者接壤”。故填on。 17.解析：句意：莉莉住在离派克大街不远的一处公寓里。off表示“(两地隔着一小段距离”，也有“偏离”之意。故填off。 要点精讲2：表示“穿过……”的through, across与over through指从内部穿过；across则指表面上的横穿；over指从上方过去、跨越。如： The elephant can’t go through the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。 I help the blind man across the road. 我帮助那位盲人过马路。 He climbed over the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。 【即时训练】单句填空 18. Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music. 19. The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, __________tunnels and _______ rivers.  【答案与解析】 18. 解析:句意：熊小姐从6岁开始学习钢琴，她说她的偶像是贝多芬，贝多芬后来完全失聪，他们的身体挑战让他们两人通过音乐与外部世界建立了联系。此处是指通过音乐让他们和外部世界建立了联系。所以应用介词through（通过）。故填through。 19. 解析: 句意:这条新铁路越过群山,穿过隧道,跨过河流,蜿蜒到揭阳。through表示从物体内部通过,across表示从物体表面横过。故第一空填through,表示"从隧道里面穿过";第二空填across,表示"横穿河面"。 要点精讲3：表示“在……之间”的between 和among ①between一般表示两者之间；有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。如： You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。 ②among多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。 I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。 The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。 Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。 【即时训练】单句填空 20. (2017天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _______ trees that are over 1,000 years old. 21.（2021年浙江）The study found that _______1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. 22. (四川2007)Some students often listen to music ________ classes to refresh themselves. 【答案与解析】 20. 解析：句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among 位于……之间。故填among。 21. 解析：句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。between A and B是固定词组，故填between。 22. 解析：句意：一些学生经常课间听音乐来放松自己心情。如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。，故填between。 要点精讲4：表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath above 在某物的斜上方；below 在某物的斜下方；over 在某物的正上方；under 在某物的正下方；on 在某物的上面(两者接触)；beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触) We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。  The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road.  They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。 【即时训练】单句填空 23. Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now ________ construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 24.A great person is always putting others’ interests ________ his own. 25. And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20. 【答案与解析】 23．解析：句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张家口高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。根据句意及空格后名词construction，可知此处涉及介词短语under construction“在建造中”。故填under。 24. 解析：意为优秀的人总是把别人的利益置于自己利益之上。above这里表示“在…之上”。故填above。 25. 解析：句意：上一句说她二十多岁，会说自己19岁，这说明真正的生日通常是在20岁以下，此处用介词below表示“在……以下”，故填below。 考点三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词的用法 要点精讲： ①by涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。 by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship We can realize our dream by working hard. 通过努力我们可以实现梦想。 You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。 ②with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。 He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 ③in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如： The book was written in Chinese.这本书是用中文写的。 He spoke in a loud voice. 他大声说话。 Please write in ink，not in pencil. 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。 ④on表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。如 She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。 【即时训练】单句填空 26. I usually go to school ______ my dad’s car, while my brother goes to school _____ foot. 27. (2016全国Ⅲ)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________their hands. 28. A couplet writer may show his feelings ________ means of describing the scenery or expressing his wishes in his works. 【答案与解析】 26. 解析：句意：我通常作=坐父亲的车去上学，而我弟弟步行去上学。On foot表示“步行”，是固定搭配。故填in; on。 27. 解析：句意：比如在印度，多数人传统上用手吃东西。with强调具体的工具或材料。故填with。 28. 解析：句意：对联作家可以在作品中通过描写风景或表达愿望来表达感情。此处表示“借助于”，用介词by构成by means of“借助……手段”短语。故填by。 考点四、表示"原因或理由"的介词的用法 要点精讲： 介词 用法 例句 for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famous, known, praise, punish等 Xi'an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。 at 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如happy, pleased, angry, delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因 He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很惊讶。 with 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强调随着心理变化而产生的情感变化 He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。 from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因 She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。 of 多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些与情感相关的形容词后 Her friend died of cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。 His father is proud of him.他父亲为他感到骄傲。 【即时训练】单句填空 29. You don’t need to apologize __________ a minor slip. 30. Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, ___________ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore. 【答案与解析】 29. 解析：句意：你不需要为一个小小的失误而道歉。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语apologize for sth.，意为“因某事道歉”，空处应填介词for。故填for。 30. 解析：句意：咯咯笑的孩子们欢快地沿着湖边的海滩奔跑，他们的父母在岸边的树下享受着阴凉的野餐区。分析句子可知，句中“_____ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas”为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，故空格处应用“with”，介词词性。故填with。 考点五、表示“除了……”的介词的用法 要点精讲：①besides指“除了……还有”，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义。作连接副词时，意为“此外”。如： Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会议。 ②but作介词时，意为“除了(……之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等词和其他疑问词后面。如： Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？ ③except与except for都意为“除……外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except for后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节。如： The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。 His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。 【即时训练】单句填空 31. ________those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in an effort to promote the sport among young people. 32. He goes to the library every day ________when he is not well. 【答案与解析】 31. 解析：句意：为了努力在年轻人中推广这一运动，除了校内的这些措施外，还要建立47个足球训练营。分析句意可知，前后两句是递进关系，此处使用介词besides，表示“除了……之外（还有）”，首字母大写。故填Besides。 32. 解析：他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都去图书馆。except when表示“除了……时候”。故填except。 考点六、两组高频易混介词比较 要点精讲1：表示支持、反对的介词for, against 介词 词义 例句 against 反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在……的衬托下，与……比赛 She was forced to marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。 That's against the law. 那是违法的。 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。 for 支持，赞成，与in favor of同义 Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？ 【即时训练】单句填空 33. Mary sold the house even though it was​​________ her husband's wish. 34. Our National Flag stands out brightly ________ the blue sky. 35. (2020山东)Museums must compete _______people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 【答案与解析】 33. 解析：句意：尽管这违背了她丈夫的愿望，玛丽还是把那套房子卖了。根据句意可知，此处应使用介词 against“反对，逆着”。故填against。 34. 解析：against 以....为背景；反对；逆...; 靠着 argue against sth反驳；walk against the wind逆风而行；a race against time与时间的赛跑；lean against the wall靠在墙上。故填against。 35. 解析： compete for（为了）… in（在某方面）；compete with/against(和) …竞争。故填for。 要点精讲2：表示“像……”的介词as, like as用作介词，指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如： Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲) Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友。 like用作介词，意为“像……一样”。如： Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲) He looks like his father. 他长得像他父亲。 【即时训练】单句填空 36. You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds ________ a lot of fun. 37. We start with small talk， a polite conversation about something ______ traffic or weather. 38. For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ________ her favorite part of being alive. 【答案与解析】 36. like【详解】考查固定短语。句意：您没有系安全带，因此您可以轻松地滑入和滑出座椅。这听起来像是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像……”。故填like。 37. 解析：根据句意“我们从聊天、礼貌的交谈开始，谈论一些像交通或天气这样的事情。”可知，本空应填like。 38. 解析：句意：对露西来说，没有什么比旅行更好的了，她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe as为固定搭配，意为“把……描述为”。故填as。 考点七、高频介词用法思维导图 考点八、八个高频介词用法归纳 要点精讲1：against （1）反对（反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 （2）违背，违抗，违反 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 （3）紧靠；倚 Place the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上。 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 （4）迎着；逆着 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 （5）撞击，碰着 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 （6）映衬；相映；对照 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 （7）不利于   an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 要点精讲2：by （1）到…为止；不迟于 They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。 I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。 【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。 （2）按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如： They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。 As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。 The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。 （3）乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。 by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路 但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如： We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。 （4）凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段） He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。 （5）表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词） Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 （6）表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词） The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。 She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。 （7）在…旁边 Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。 （8）从看；依；按照 By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了? 要点精讲3：for （1）因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 （2）（表示目的地或方向）向；前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ （3）支持；赞成（反义词：against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 （4）就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。 The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。 （5）对于；至于；关于 For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 （6）(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。 （7）（表示目的或功能）为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 （8）（表示对象）为了，给，对于 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？ （9） (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语) Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？ It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 要点精讲4：from （1） (表示时间)从…起，始于 She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。 （2）(表示范围或状态)从…(到…) He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。 Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。 （3） (表示距离)离(某处)… Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。 （4）（表示来源）来自；出自 He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。 （5） (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止 The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。 （6）(表示区别、比较) He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。 I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。 （7）(表示原料) 由…(制成) Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。 （8）（表示原因）因为,由于 He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。 He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖 （9）(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断) From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。 The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。 要点精讲5：through （1）从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过） The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。 The River Thames flows through London. 泰晤士河流经伦敦。 The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。 （2）通过，凭借（方法手段） Those who seek to grab power through violence deserve punishment.企图通过暴力夺权的人理应受到惩罚。 You simply can't get a ticket through official channels. 通过官方渠道是压根儿搞不到票的。 You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement. 我是从报纸广告上得悉有此职位的。 （3）由于，因为 He became ill through overwork. 他因工作过于劳累而病倒了。 It was through him that I missed my train.就是因为他，我才误了火车。 They are understood to have retired through age or ill health.据知他们是因年龄或健康问题而退休。 The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。 （4）自始至终；从头到尾/底 We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。 They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。 We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。 （5）经受；经历 The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。 要点精讲6：under （1）[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下 She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。 All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。 （2）[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下 Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。 The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。 The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。 （3）[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下 He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。 The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。 He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。 （4）[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下) I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。 He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。 He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。 （5）在（…状况或条件）下 His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。 Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。 The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。 （6）用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名） He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。 The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。 要点精讲7：under （1）在…上 He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。 He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。 She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。 （2）一…即…；一…就… Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。 Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。 （3）将要发生；马上来临 The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。 The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。 【短语】 once upon a time很久以前 look down upon瞧不起 upon my word 的确；我发誓 要点精讲8：with （1）与…（在）一起 Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。 I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。 Do you want to walk home with me? 你愿意和我一道走回家吗 （2）[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着 He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。 We bought a house with a garden. 我们买了一座带花园的房子。 China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。 I have no money with me. 我没有带钱 （3）[表方式、手段或工具]以；用 He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。 She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。 注： ①用英语说：speak in English ②用钢笔写：write in ink ③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar （4）[表材料或内容]以；用 Fill the glass with wine. 把杯子装满酒。 The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。 （5）[表状态]在…的情况下；…地 He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。 I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。 注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如： with care=carefully 认真地 with kindness=kindly 亲切地 with joy=joyfully 高兴地 with anger=angrily 生气地 with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地 with delight=delightedly 高兴地 with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地 （6）[表让步]尽管，虽然 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 （7）[表条件]若是；如果 With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。 注：表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如： With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。 With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。 （8）[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为) Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。 She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。 He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。 Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。 Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。 （9）[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后 With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。 With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。 （10）[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化） The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。 Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。 The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。 比较：with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如： He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。 People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。 （11）[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时 Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。 （12）赞成；同意 I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。 （13）[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说 He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。 The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。 It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。 （14）[表对立或敌对]对立；反对 The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。 He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。 （15）与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against） sail with the wind顺风驶船 swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳 （16）伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情） With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。 The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。 代词 考点一、it的用法 要点精讲1： it典型场合 典型示例 替代it：it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。 Learning is a bitter root, but it bears sweet fruit.学习根苦果甜。 I have bought a chair. It is made of wood.我买了一把椅子。它是木头做的。 The baby cried because it was hungry. 这个婴儿饿得啼哭。 代词it: it指时间、距离、天气等。 It's 112 miles from London to Birmingham. 从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。 What time is it? It’s two-thirty. 几点了？现在是两点半。 形式it: it用作形式主语、宾语，不定式、动名词或从句作真正主语 He found it exciting riding the roller coaster. 他觉得坐过山车很刺激。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It's a pity that you have to go so soon.很遗憾你这么快就得走了。 强调it: it用在强调句it's …who/that…中强调主语，宾语或状语 It was his parents that he turned to for advice.他向父母寻求建议。 It was two years ago that I began to learn drawing. 正是在两年前我开始学习绘画。 无实义it: it仅构成句型，无实义 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.我能按时完成工作得感谢你。 I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.我会确保一切按时准备好。 习语it: it用于一些习惯搭配中 Believe it or not, Tom got married last week.信不信由你，汤姆上周结婚了。 We made it to the summit of the mountain. 我们成功的登上了山顶。 要点精讲2： it作形式主语 ①It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜…… ②It is no wonder that ... 难怪…… ③It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来…… ④It looks/seems as if/as though ...看起来好像…… ⑤It happens that ... 碰巧…… ⑥It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...某人突然想起…… ⑦It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道…… ⑧It is certain that ... ……是一定的 ⑨It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处 ⑩It takes sb some time to do...做……花费某人若干时间 it作形式宾语 ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb to do/that…从句 ②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋no use/a waste of time/ ...＋doing ... 考点二、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法 要点精讲1： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves You, he and I are in different classes. 你、他和我都在不同班级。 Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy. 让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。 He invited some friends of his to his party. 他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。 The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest. 那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。 要点精讲2：反身代词 ①基本用法 反身代词 ②常见搭配 与介词搭配 by oneself 独自地 for oneself 替自己；为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身 与动词搭配 apply oneself to 专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 考点三、 指示代词用法 要点精讲： 典型用法 典型示例 it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。 that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。 those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。 one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？ ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。 the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。 the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。 such倒装句，考虑就近一致 Such is the result of the contest. 这就是竞赛的结果。 限时训练：在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 26. (全国2012II) Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 27. (浙江2012) Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald's. 28.(福建2011)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ______ based on your own interests. 29. (辽宁2009) ______ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. 30. (山东2010) Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. 31. (重庆2011)--Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. --What do you think of ______ over there? 32.At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine. 33. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _________who had already taken them. 34. My pen is missing. I still haven’t found _________. I want to buy a new _______. 35. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper. 限时训练答案： 26.it 27.those 28.one 29.Such 30.one 31.that 32.those/the ones 33.those 34.it, one 35.that 考点四、不定代词用法 要点精讲1：each, both, all等不定代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。 both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。 all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。 either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。 neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。 none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。 another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains  continued  another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗？ other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有？ others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind.  不要期望别人能看出你的心思。 the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。 the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car.  别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。 要点精讲2： 典型用法 典型示例 few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。 a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。 little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。 many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。 much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。 限时训练四：结合语境用上述单词或词组的适当形式填空。 51.I try to visit my parents every ________ weeks.  52.He was advised to smoke ________ cigarettes and drink ________ beer.  53.But after the phone call, the journalist promised to ask ________ friends to teach him.  54.New drivers have twice as ________many accidents as experienced drivers. 55.Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are ________ likely to suffer from depression 限时训练四答案： 51. few 52. fewer, less 53. a few 54. more 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Dragon Boat Festival is held ________ Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China. A．in honor of B．in search of C．in the hope of D．in the face of 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】in honor of、in the face of、in the hope of doing sth、介词短语辨析 【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：端午节是为了纪念中国古代著名诗人屈原而举行的。A. in honor of为了纪念；B. in search of寻找；C. in the hope of希望；D. in the face of面对。由上文“Dragon Boat Festival is held”和下文“Qu Yuan, a well-known poet in ancient China.”可知，端午节是为了纪念中国古代著名诗人屈原，“为了纪念”为固定搭配in honor of，故选A。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．it B．that C．this D．one 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】one、简单不定代词 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：我真的很想去一个地方过暑假，一个特别美丽的风景和独特的文化。A. it它；B. that那个；C. this这个；D. one一个。分析句子，此处表示泛指过暑假的地方，one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。故选D。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）China is a shining example for the global community to follow _________developing green industry to fight climate change. A．in addition to B．in return for C．in terms of D．in agreement with 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】in addition to、in agreement with、in terms of、介词短语辨析 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：中国是国际社会发展绿色产业应对气候变化的光辉榜样。A. in additon to除……之外；B. in return for作为……的回报；C.in terms of就……而言；从……方面（说来）；D. in agreement with同意，与……一致。根据语意，中国在发展绿色产业应对气候变化方面来说是光辉的榜样。故选C。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Nowadays many people travel across China ________ high-speed trains. A．on behalf of B．by means of C．at cost of D．in terms of 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】cost(cost cost)、on behalf of、介词与其它词类的搭配、in terms of、by means of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如今，许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。A. on behalf of代表，为了；B. by means of用，依靠，借助于；C. at cost of以……为代价；D. in terms of在……方面，依据，按照。分析语境，人们去旅行，用的交通工具是高铁（借助于高铁），仅有B符合语境，故选B。 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Modern women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent _________their goal. A．in pursuit of B．in return for C．in touch with D．in contrast to 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】be in touch with、in return (for) 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：现代女性充满活力、有抱负，最重要的是坚持追求她们的目标。A. in pursuit of追求；B. in return for作为……回报；C. in touch with保持联系；D. in contrast to与……对比鲜明。根据句意可知，此处用in pursuit of“追求”符合语境，故选A项。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am __________ and have to catch the 11:00 train. A．on a limited budget B．in high spirits C．on a tight schedule D．in deep doubt 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】介词与其它词类的搭配 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：9点的会议不要迟到，因为我的时间很紧，必须赶11点的火车。A. on a limited budget预算有限；B. in high spirits情绪高涨；C. on a tight schedule日程很紧；D. in deep doubt深度怀疑。根据句意和“have to catch the 11:00 train”可知是日程安排很紧，故选C。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey. A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of C．at the mercy of D．on the side of 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】in the shape of、介词与其它词类的搭配、at the mercy of... in return、beyond the reach of 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A．ones B．those C．these D．them 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】简单不定代词 【详解】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。 9．（2019·天津·高考真题）________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. A．According to B．Instead of C．In addition to D．In spite of 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】介词与其它词类的搭配 【详解】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(……所说)；按(……所报道)；B. instead of代替，作为……的替换；C. in addition to另外，加之，除……之外；D. in spite of尽管，不管。前后形成让步关系，故选D。 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】指示代词 【详解】考查代词。句意：专业技能是像刀或锤子这样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。分析句子可知，them代指前文的tools。故选C项。 ( 第 6 页 共 31 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$