内容正文:
9A U1知识点
Welcome
1.interesting形容词,有趣的(修饰物)
interested形容词,有趣的(修饰人)
be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣
2.make使役动词,使,让
make sb do sth使某人做某事
make sb/sth +形容词/名词
make+宾语+过去分词(当在被动语态中,make,let,have后跟to do sth)
3.eat up吃光,吃完(代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面)
use up用完 drink up喝完
4.agree to do sth同意去做某事 agree with sb同意某人
5.come up with想出 come from=be from来自
come on加油 come out出版
6.neither...nor既不...也不(两者都不)
(作主语时,谓语动词采取就近原则)
neither of两者都不(当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数)
7.adj+enough+to do sth足以去做木事
8.It's+adj+for sb to do sth.对于某人来说去做某事..
Reading
1.work可数名词,著作,作品 work of art艺术品
work不可数名词,工作
2.whole全部的(修饰可数名词单数,位于定冠词,指示代词之后)
all全部的(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,位于定冠词,指示代词之前)
3.be always doing sth总是做某事
4.either...or不是...就是,或者...或者(指两者其一,就近原则)
5.take the lead(in doing sth)带头,领先
under the lead of在...领导之下 lead to通向,导致
6.take on承担,呈现
7.give up doing sth=stop doing sth放弃做某事
(give up代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面)
8.as good as和...一样
as+形容词原级/副词原级+as:和...一样
9.afford买得起,常与can,could或be able to连用,用于否定句和疑问句中。
can't afford to do sth不能负担得起做某事
10.can't...too再怎么样也不过分,越...越好
It's never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
11.devote sth to doing sth奉献某物去做某事
devote oneself to+名词/动词ing:献身于...
devote one's life奉献出一生 devote for专用于
12.not only...but(also):不仅...而且...(就近原则)
13.connect to/with连接
The man standing at the window is our teacher.
(standing现在分词作后置定语)
14.do/perform an operation on sb
=do/perform operations on sb
=operate on sb给某人进行手术
15.be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth乐意做某事
16.pay attention to doing sth注意做某事
(attention前面可用much,little,some,any等词修饰)
17.patient形容词,耐心的
be patient with sb对某人有耐心
patience名词,耐心 impatient形容词,不耐烦的
18.active形容词,积极的,活跃的
act动词,扮演,行动 inactive形容词,不活跃的
19.主语+find/make/think+it+形容词+to do sth
20.care名词,关心 careful形容词,细心的
carefully副词,细心地 carelessness名词,粗心
careless名词,粗心的 carelessnessly副词,粗心地
Grammar
并列连词and,but,or和so
and和,又,表示并列关系
but但是,表示转折关系(一般放在句中)
or或者,否则,表示选择关系
so因此,所以,表示因果关系
注意:1.表示和的意思时,and用于肯定句,or用于否定句和疑问句中。但在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and不用or。
eg: They like English and Maths.
He doesn't like black or bule.
The clock has no eys and no ears.
2.and和so构成的句型:祈使句,and/or+陈述句。(...,否则...)eg:Go now,and you will see him.
Get up early tomorrow,or you will miss the early train.
3. because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在同一个句子中
1.both … and ……和…两者都, 既……又……
(指两者都,当both...and连接的两个成分在句中做主语时,谓语动词用复数)
2.not only … but also …不但……而且……,不仅...还有
(not only...but (also),其中also可以省略,连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即:就近原则)
3. either … or …要么……要么……,不是……就是……,或者……或者……(指两者其一,连接两个主语时,遵循就近原则)
4.neither … nor …既不……也不……
(指两者都不,连接两个主语时,遵循就近原则)
1.impatient形容词,不耐烦的,急躁的
patient形容词,耐心的
2.advice不可数名词,建议,意见 advise动词,建议,意见
give sb some advice=give some advice to sb给某人一些意见
ask for advice寻求意见
3.think twice about doing sth慎重考虑再做某事
4.too much副词短语,太,过于,修饰动词
eg: Some children are using computers too much.
too much+不可数名词:太多
too many+可数名词复数:太多 much too+adj/adv:太...
Integrated skills
1.12 star signs(12星座):Aries(白羊座),Taurus(金牛座),Gemini(双子座),Cancer(巨蟹座),leo(狮子座),Virgo(处女座),Libra(天平座),Scorpio(天蝎座),Sagittarius(射手座),Capricorn(摩羯座),Aquarius(水瓶座),Pisces(双鱼座)
2.in all总共 not...at all:一点也不,不用谢
3.decide动词,决定 decision名词,决定
decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth
=make up one's mind to do sth决定去做某事
decide not to do sth决定不去做某事
4.appear出现 disappear消失
appear系动词,看起来(后跟形容词)
5.each指两个或两个以上的每一个,后跟可数名词单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
each of后跟可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数
every指三个或三个以上的每一个
every+基数词+名词(复数)
6.divide...into把...分成 be divided into...被分成
7.depend on/upon依靠,依赖
8.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣
9.强调句型:
It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他。(强调的部分是人用who,强调的部分是物用that.)
10.while连词,然而,当...时候。名词,一会
11.It is said that...据说 It is reported that...据报道
It is known that...众所周知
12.believe sb相信某人或某人说的话
believe in sb信任 believe in doing sth接受某事
13.in some ways在某些方面 in the/one's way挡着...的路
on the way在路上 by the way顺便问一下
Task
1.be afraid of+n/动词ing:害怕...be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
2.make a speech做演讲
3.in front of指在外部的...前面
in the front of指在内部的...前面
4.help sb with sth帮助某人解决某种困难
help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
5.be absent from缺席....
6.agree with sb同意某人 agree to do sth同意去做某事
7.need情态动词,need+动词原形,没有人称和时态变化,need做情态动词,通常用于否定句和疑问句,对于need开头的疑问句,否定回答用needn't,肯定回答用must.
Need I come back home now?
Yes, you must./No,you needn't.
need实义动词,有时态变化,构成否定句和疑问句时,借助do/does.如:They don't need to get up early tomorrow.
need to do sth(主语为人)
need doing sth(主语为物)=need to be done
8.try one's best to do sth
=do one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事
9.人+spend+M/T+on+名词.
人+spend+M/T+doing sth.
It takes 人+T+to do sth.
物+cost+M.
人+pay+M+for sth.
10.forget to do sth忘记去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth忘记做过某事(已经做)
leave指遗忘某物在某地,其后必须接in/on引导的地点短语。
forget表遗忘,后不接in/on引导的地点短语。
9A U2知识点
Welcome
1.one泛指同一类(复数为ones)
it特指同一个(复数为they)
2.wear穿着,戴着(表状态) put on穿着,戴着(表动作)
in穿,戴(后跟颜色或衣服) dress给...穿衣服
dress sb/oneself给某人穿衣服
be dressed in+衣服:穿着...衣服 dress up乔装打扮
have on=be wearing穿着,戴着(表状态)
3.try on试穿(代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面
4.if=whether是否(引导宾语从句)
if如果(引导条件状语从句)
5.There is nothing wrong with sth.=Nothing is wrong with sth.
=There isn't anything wrong with sth.某物没有毛病了.
There is something wrong with sth.某物出毛病了
Is there anything wrong with sth?某物出毛病了吗?
(形容词放在不定代词之后)
6.sure形容词,确信的
sure=certainly=of course副词,当然
be sure of+n/Ving:对...有把握
be sure to do sth一定要做某事
I’m not sure+if/whether从句
7.sth look(s) good on sb某物穿在某人身上好看。
sb look(s) good in sth.某人穿着某物好看。
8.just刚刚(现在完成时的标志)
just now刚才(一般过去时的标志)
9.提问数量多少:How many+可数名词复数
How much+不可数名词
How often多久一次(提问频率)
How long多长时间
How soon多久 How far多远 How old多大年龄
10. look out=be careful当心,小心 look out of+名词:向外看
Reading
1.influence动词,影响。名词,影响力,作用
influence sb to do sth影响某人做某事
have (an) influence on sb/sth对...有影响
2.wonder=want to know,动词,想知道
接if/whether引导的从句
接who,what.when,how等引导的从句
接疑问词+to do.
3.true形容词,确实的 truth名词,事实
truly副词,真诚地 tell the truth说出事实
4.sleepy形容词,困倦的 feel sleepy感到困倦
asleep形容词,睡着的 fall asleep入睡
sleep动词,睡觉
sleep名词,睡眠 go to sleep
5.relaxed形容词,放松的(修饰人)
relaxing形容词,令人放松的(修饰物) relax动词,放松
6.could be可能是
may/might be可能是(might be比may be语气弱)
must be一定是
7.prefer动词,宁愿选择,更喜欢=like...better(后跟名词,代词或动词ing)
preferred preferring
prefer to do sth prefer A to B
prefer doing to doing sth
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
=would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
8.cheer up(代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面)
9.remind动词,提醒,使想起
remind sb of sth提醒某人某事
remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事
remind sb+that从句
10.hope for希望,期待
hope(可能会实现的愿望) hope to do sth
wish(没有可能会实现的愿望) wish to do sth
wish sb to do sth
11.require sb to do sth要求某人做某事
require doing sth(主语为物,表被动)
=sb be required to do sth被要求做某事
12.be of some help to do sth对某人有一些帮助
be+of+名词(value,importance,use,help) to sb=be +adj+to sb
13. make it+adj比较级+to do sth使做某事更...
与make用法相同的动词:feel/keep/think/believe/find/consider
14.have difficulty (in) doing sth
=have difficulty with sth
=have trouble/problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have some/much/no difficulty with sth
=have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing sth
在...方面有些/很/毫不费劲
15.be of some/great/no help to sb对某人有些/极有/没有帮助
16.make decisions=make a decision做决定
make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth决定去做某事
17.sadness名词,悲伤
sad形容词,伤心的
sadly副词(一般放句首),悲伤地
18.produce动词,生产,引起。名词,产品(农产品)
product名词,产品(指经过工业加工的产品)
production名词,生产制造
Do/Would you mind doing sth?
Grammar
1.luck名词,机遇,运气 Good luck
lucky形容词,运气
luckily副词,幸运的 unluckily副词,不行的
2.everyday形容词,日常的
every day副词短语,每天
3.light形容词,浅的 dark形容词,深色的
heavy形容词,重的
4.notice动词,注意
notice sb do sth注意某人做某事
notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
5.taste系动词,尝起来。名词,品味
Europe名词,欧洲 European形容词,欧洲的。名词,欧洲人
6.seem系动词,似乎,好像 seem+形容词
seem to do sth seem+(that)从句
7.success名词,成功
successful形容词,成功的
successfully副词,成功地
succeed动词,成功 succeed in doing sth成功的做某事
8.be made of由...制成(能看出原材料)
be made from由...制成(不能看出原材料)
be made in+地点:在某地制造
9.certain形容词,确定的
be certain of(doing)有把握做某事
be certain to do sth确定做某事
be certain+(that)从句
Integrated skills
1.price名词,价格,价钱
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
价格高低用high/low
东西贵贱用expensive/cheap
询问价钱:what's the price of sth?
2.promise 动词,承诺
promise+名词/代词/to do
promise sb sth=promise sth to sb承诺给某人某物
promise to do sth承诺去做某事
make a promise许下诺言
keep one's promise遵守诺言
break one's promise违背诺言
3.practise动词,练习,从事 practise doing sth练习做某事
4.since+时间点(年份) since+时间+ago
since引导从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时
5.adj+enough+to do sth足以去做某事
(enough放在形容词之后,名词之前)
6.suggest+名词/代词/动词ing:建议,提议
suggestion可数名词,建议
advise动词,建议
advice不可数名词,建议
suggest sth to sb向某人建议某事
suggest (sb) doing sth=advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
7.think about考虑
think of想到 think over仔细考虑
8.would rather do sth宁愿做某事
would rather not do sth宁愿不做某事
would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
Task
1.maybe=perhaps副词,也许(放在句首)
may be可能是(放在句中,may是情态动词,后跟动词原形)
2.a little bit=a bit=a little稍微,有点(后跟形容词或副词的原级或比较级,不能修饰名词)
a little +不可数名词
=a bit of+不可数名词:少量的,一点点
not a little=very很,非常
not a bit=not at all一点也不
3.because+句子
because of+名词/动词ing
4.help sb (do) sth帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth帮助某人解决某种困难
5.glasses,trousers,shoes,socks等一般用‘数词+pair(s)+of'修饰,作主语时,动词单复数由pair决定
若不用‘数词+pair(s)+of’修饰时,动词用复数
6.why not+动词原形?
=why don't you+动词原形?为什么不...?
9A U3知识点
Welcome
1. what's wrong with sb?=what's the matter with sb?
=what's the trouble with sb?
2.It's getting colder.
be,seem,keep,feel,get,look,turn,sound,become,smell,grow,
taste(系动词后跟形容词)
3.too much+不可数名词:太多
too many+可数名词复数:太多 much too+adj/adv:太
4.why not+动词原形?=why don't you+动词原形?
5.exercise不可数名词,运动,锻炼
exercise可数名词,操,练习题
do/take exercise做锻炼 do morning exercises做早操
6.exam可数名词,考试,测试
7.perhaps=maybe,副词,或许,可能(一般放句首)
8.finish+n/代词/Ving
9.lonely形容词,指内心孤独 alone形容词,指独自一个人
10.on,副词,处于工作状态中,在进行中
be on开着的 be off关着的
11.drive动词,迫使
drive sb to do sth迫使某人做某事
12.high marks高分 low marks低分 full mark满分
13.noise名词,吵闹 noisy形容词,吵闹的
14.manage合理安排,有效使用
manage to do sth设法完成某事
15.have time to do sth=have time for sth有时间做某事
have no time to do sth没有时间做某事
Reading
1.deal with处理,对付(常与how连用) dealt---dealt
do with处理(常与what连用)
2.have no choice but to do sth
=have nothing to do but do sth别无选择只能做...
choice名词,选择 choose动词,选择
choose (sb) to do sth选择某人去做某事
but连词,除...之外,只有=except
3.stay up熬夜
awake形容词,醒着 asleep形容词,睡着的
wake动词,醒
wake up醒来(代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面)
4. hardly副词,几乎不(表否定)(放在系动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实意动词之前,与can,could连用)
5.imagine+名词/代词/动词ing:想象
6.doubt动词,怀疑(在肯定句中,与if或whether连用。在否定句或疑问句中,与that连用。)
doubt about/of怀疑...
in doubt怀疑,未确定 no doubt无疑地
7.be worth doing sth值得做某事
8.dream of/about+名词/代词/Ving:梦想,想象
9.offer sb sth=offer sth to sb给某人提供某物
offer to do sth主动提出做某事
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth给某人提供某物
10. hear from sb=receive/get a letter from sb收到某人的来信
11.be crazy about+名词/代词/Ving:对...着迷
12.cause名词,原因 cause动词,导致
cause sth for sb给某人造成某事
cause sb to do sth使某人做某事
13.get into trouble陷入困境
get out of trouble摆脱困境
14.strict形容词,严格的,严厉的
be strict with sb对某人要求严格
be strict in sth对某事要求严格
15.look forward to doing sth盼望做某事
16.valuable形容词,宝贵的,贵重的
value名词,价值,重要性
be of great value to sb=be valuable to sb对...有价值
17.so+adj/adv
so+many+可数名词复数
so+much+不可数名词
such+名词短语
such a good suggestion=so good a suggestion
18.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
allow doing sth允许做某事
sb be allowed to do sth某人被允许做某事
19.what/How about+名词/代词/Ving?
20.why not+动词原形?=Why don't you+动词原形?
Grammar
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
(1)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句中,连接代词和连接副词有具体的词义,并且在宾语从句中充当句子成分。在从句中,连接代词作宾语,主语和定语,连接副词作状语。
who与whom指人,意思是谁,who为主格,在宾语从句中做主语。whom为宾格,在从句中中做宾语。在口语中who可代替whom.
(2)宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
(3)含有宾语从句的复合句的标点由主句决定
(4)宾语从句有自己的时态原则。当主句时态为一般现在时,宾语从句用自己所需要的任意时态。
当主句时态为一般过去时时,从句也要用相应的过去时。
当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时,从句用一般现在时。
宾语从句的用法
宾语从句三要素,连词,时态加语序
陈述连词用that,一般疑问用if/whether
特殊疑问用疑问句,主句现在宾随意
主句过去宾过去,宾从真理用现在
还有语序记清楚,宾从语序用陈述。
提建议的句型
1.why not+动词原形?=Why don't you+动词原形?2.what/How about+n/代词/doing?....怎么样?
3.Let's+动词原形+ sth.让我们做某事吧
Let's not +动词原形+ sth.让我们不要做某事吧
4.shall we+动词原形?我们...好吗?
5.had better do sth最好做某事
had better not do sth最好不要做某事
6.Would you like+名词?你想要...?
would you like to do sth?你想要做某事吗?
7.Will you please+动词原形?
=Would you please+动词原形?请你...好吗?
8.what do you think of sth?
=How do you like sth?你认为...怎么样?
9.Help oneself to sth请自便某物
10.Don't+动词原形。
=Never+动词原形。请不要做某事(祈使句的否定句)
Perhaps you should+动词原形.或许你应该做某事
1.whom(连接代词)谁----who的宾格形式
2.silence名词,寂静,沉默 in silence沉默的
silent形容词,沉默的 keep silent
3.worry可数名词,担心,令人担忧的事(复数worries)
worry动词,担心,烦恼 worried形容词,担心的
worry about doing sth =be worried about doing sth为...担心
4.try one's best to do sth
=do one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事
5.reply可数名词,答复,回答 reply动词,回答,答复
reply to =answer 回答...
Integrated skills
1.laugh at sb嘲笑某人 smile at sb对某人微笑
do well in+名词/代词/Ving
=be good at+名词/代词/Ving:擅长于做某事
do badly in=be bad at不擅长于...
2.aloud副词,出声地,大声地,常read,call,shout等连用
loud形容词&副词,响亮地,和speak,talk,laugh连用
loudly副词,响亮地,与ring连用
3.hate doing sth指习惯性的行为 hate to do sth指特定的行为
4.proud形容词,自豪的,骄傲的
pride名词,自豪,骄傲
be proud of=take pride in以...为骄傲
5.progress进展,进步(其前常great,good,much,little,some等修饰)
make progress (in) doing sth在做某事上取得进步
6.pronounce动词,发音 pronunciation名词,发音
7.correctly副词,正确地
8.Don't mention it.=You are welcome.=That's all right.
=Not at all=My pleasure.不客气
9.as often as possible=as often as you can尽可能经常的
as+形容词/副词原级+as
as soon as一...就
1.表示两件东西或两个人中的‘一个...另一个’,用one...the other
表示不定数目的‘一个...另一个’用one...another
表示一定范围内‘其余所有的,用the others=the other+名词复数
表示许多人或物中的‘一部分...另一部分’,用some...others
2.quiet形容词,安静的
quietly副词,安静地 quite副词,相当
3.happen常用于偶然或突发性的事件
take place指非偶然性事件的发生,指事件的发生有某种原因或事先安排
Task
1.keep sth to oneself保密
2.be of sb's age与...同龄的
at the age of在...岁时
3.be unhappy with对...不满意
be happy with对...满意
4.weight名词,重量
weigh动词,重
5.Thanks for+名词/Ving
=Thank sb for+名词/Ving 因...而感谢
9A U4知识点
Welcome
1.since+时间点(年份)
since+时间+ago
since引导从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时
for+时间段
2.for oneself为了某人自己 by oneself单独的
3.wake up叫醒(代词放中间,名词可放中间或后面)
4.a great deal +adj/adv的比较级:大量的,许多的
a great deal of+不可数名词:许多,大量
5.finish doing sth完成某事
6.learn about=know about了解,知道
learn to do sth学会做某事
learn from sb向某人学习
learn...by oneself=teach oneself自学
7.that way=in that way以那样的方式
in this way以这种方式 in the way挡路
on one's/the way to在某人去...的路上
by the way顺便说一下
8.as soon as一...就(主将从现,主过从过,如果主句是一般现在时,祈使句或有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时)
Reading
1.much/a lot +形容词比较级:...得多
a bit/little+形容词比较级:有一点...
even+形容词比较级
3.while当...时候,引导时间状语从句(主从句主语一致时,谓语动词是be,从句中省略主语和be)
eg:While listening to music,she fell asleep.
=While she was listening to music,she fell asleep.
4.try out for参加..试演
5.lose heart灰心
6.chance可数名词,机会
choice名词,选择 choose动词,选择
7. because of+名词/Ving:因为 because+句子:因为
8.height名词,高度
what's your height?=How tall are you?
9.go on to do sth接着做...(指做完一件事后,接着做另一件事)
go on doing sth=go on with sth接着做(指一直做同一件事
10.simply副词,仅仅,简直 simple形容词,简单的
11.decide动词,决定 decision名词,决定
decide to do sth决定去做某事
decide not to do sth决定不去做某事
12. finally=in the end最后 final形容词,最后的
13.lead动词,带路,指引 lead...to带领...去
lead to通往,导致
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
14.as a result因此,结果
as a result of=because of由于
15.although虽然(不可与but连用)
because因为(不可与so连用)
16.graduate动词,毕业
graduate from从...毕业 graduation名词,毕业
17.success名词,成功 successful形容词,成功的
successfully副词,成功地 succeed动词,成功
succeed in doing sth成功的做某事
18.the other+名词复数+范围=any other+名词单数+范围
19.force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事
be forced to do sth被迫做某事
20.take notice of=pay attention to注意
take no notice of=pay no attention to不在意
21.join(指加入组织,社团,机构)成为一员
join the army参军 take part in指参加活动
22.prove sth to sb向某人证实某事
23.matter动词,要紧 It's doesn't matter.
matter名词,事情,问题
what's the matter with sb?某人怎么了?
Grammar
before, after,when和while引导的时间状语从句
时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。
我们可以用before,after,when和while引导时间状语从句,这些词既可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。
before在...之前,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。
after在...之后,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
when当...时,表示主句动作发生的特定时间。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是瞬时性的。
while当...时,强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的。while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的
while在...期间,表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。
在when和while引导的从句中,当主句和从句的主语一致,并且从句中有be动词时,可以省略主语和be动词,构成when/while+ing结构
主从句的时态:
1.当主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
2.当主句的谓语含有may,can,must等情态动词时,从句要用一般现在时。
3.当主句的谓语是want,hope,wish等动词时,从句要用一般现在时。
4.当主句是祈使句时,从句要用一般现在时
5.当主句是一般过去时时,从句用一般过去时。
since,till和until引导的时间状语从句
since, till和until常用来引导时间状语从句。
since意思是“自从……以来”。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是短暂性动词。
till和until意思是 “到……为止” ,一般情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在句首或句中,而till不可以用在句首。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式,即“not…until”结构,意思是“直到……才(开始)”
as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句
as soon as“一……就”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作就马上发生。从句位于主句前后均可,遵循‘主将从现’
指未发生的动作,规律是:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
指紧接着发生的两个短动作,主从句用一般过去时
whenever“每当,任何时候”
whenever可以用every time替换
1.at the beginning of在...之初 at the end of在...末尾
from beginning to end自始至终
2.receive/get a call from sb接到某人的电话
receive收到(客观) accept接到(主观)
3.be/become serious about+名词/动词ing:认真对待...
4.practise doing sth练习做某事
5.arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点
we arrive.我们到了 reach+地点/年龄
get to+地点:到达
6.enjoy oneself =have fun =have a good time玩的开心
7.awful形容词,糟糕的
awfully副词,可怕地,很,非常
8.be crazy about doing sth对...着迷
9.against介词,与...对抗,反对,违反
be against反对... be for支持.....
10.return=go/come back返回
return to sp回到某地 give back归还
11.excited形容词(修饰人) exciting形容词(修饰物)
excitedly副词 excitement名词,兴奋
12.join sb加入某人
take part in指参加某项活动
join sb in doing sth加入某人一起做某事
Integrated skills
1. break out爆发(不用被动语态)
break down停止运转 break off中断
break into强行闯入 break in打断(某人的谈话
2.including介词,包括 include动词,包括
3.lose one's life丧生
lose动词,过去时lost
lost形容词,失去的,遗失的,迷路的
4.symbol名词,象征
Great wall is the symbol of China.
5.die of死于(指内因,疾病等)
die from死于(指外因,交通事故等)
6.ill形容词,生病的 illness=sickness名词,生病
7.named=called被叫做
8.record名词,记录 keep a record of记录
break a record打破记录 world record世界记录
9.die动词,死(过去时died,动词ing:dying)
dead形容词,死的 death名词,死
10.在主动语态中,make/let/have后跟动词原形。在被动语态中,make/let/have后跟to do sth.
11.Germany名词,德国
German名词,德国人(复数Germans)
12.keep doing sth一直做某事
13.thought名词,想法,主意 deep in thought深思
14.12-year-old复合形容词
15.admire sb for sth因某事而钦佩某人
16.It's a pity that...真可惜 what a pity!真可惜
17.get away=run away逃离 get away from从...逃离
18.courage名词,勇气 take courage鼓起勇气
have courage to do sth有勇气做某事
encourage动词,鼓励
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
19.describe动词,描述,形容 description名词,描述
describe sth to sb向某人描述某物
20.sell well畅销(无被动语态)
21.not...but不是...就是...(表并列,就近原则)
be away from离开,相距
Task
1.in one's+数词复数:在某人几十多岁时
in one's twenties/thirties/forties
in the+数词复数:在某个年代
in the seventies/eighties/nineties在七十/八十/九十年代
2.be ready to do sth准备做某事
3.anything unusual不寻常的东西(形容词放在不定代词之后
as usual像往常一样 unusual形容词,不寻常的
4.宾语从句,先行词:人----引导词用who.
物-----引导词用which
5.care for=take care of=look after照顾,照看
6.in need在需要中 in trouble处于困境中
in danger处于危险中
7.surprise名词&动词,惊奇
to one's surprise另谋人惊讶的是(一般放句首)
in surprise惊奇的
surprising形容词(修饰物) surprised形容词(修饰人)
be surprised at sth对...感到惊讶
be surprised to do sth对做某事感到吃惊
be surprised +that从句
8.be full of=be filled with充满...
9.medical形容词,医学的 medicine不可数名词,药
medical treatment医疗
10.research不可数名词,研究
do a lot of research on sth对某事做大量研究
11. blood不可数名词,血
9A U5知识点
Welcome
1.pleasant形容词,令人的愉快的(修饰物)
pleased形容词,愉快的(修饰人)
pleasure名词,愉快 please动词,使愉快
My pleasure.不客气 with pleasure=All right.没问题
It's pleasant to do sth.做某事令人愉快
be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 be pleased with对..满意
2.because1.因为,引导原因状语从句,位于主句之后
2.回答why引导的提问 3.不与so同时使用
because of+名词/代词/Ving:因为
3.stop doing sth停止正在做的事
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事
stop/keep/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
can't stop/help doing sth情不自禁做某事
4.prefer(preferred, preferring)
prefer to do sth prefer doing sth to doing sth
5.talent名词,天赋
talented形容词,有天赋的
have a talent for有...的天赋
Reading
1.present动词,颁发,把...交给
present sb with sth=present sth to sb把某物颁发给某人
present可数名词,礼物
present形容词,目前的 ,现在的
at present目前
2.interest名词,兴趣,爱好
show an interest in对...感兴趣
be/become interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣
interested,形容词(修饰人)
interesting形容词,(修饰物)
3. nature名词,自然 natural形容词,天然的
4.I walked quietly in order not to make my sleeping father
5.since=because=as由于,既然(引导原因状语从句
since自...以来(引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时
6.enter=come/go into进入,参加
7.get to know sb逐渐了解某人
8.be known/famous for因...而著名
be known as作为...而出名
It's known that众所周知
9.by doing sth通过做某事(by与地点连用,在...旁边。与时间连用,不迟于...,与交通工具搭配'乘‘,by bike,用于被动语态,被...)
10.at high/low/full speed以高/低/全速
11.bring-brought-brought指从别的地方带到说话的地方
take-took-taken指从说话的地方带到别的地方
12.though=although尽管,虽然(不与but连用,可与yet连用)
13.once曾经,一度,一次
14.stone可数名词,石头
15.used to do sth过去常做某事
be used to do sth被用来做某事
be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
Grammar
because引导的原因状语从句
原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的句子。
because引导原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because从句位于句首时要用逗号与主句分开。because因为,表示动作发生的直接原因,语气很强,常回答why.
because不可与so连用
because后跟句子,because of+名词/代词/Ving
since与as引导的原因状语从句
since引导的原因状语从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由,意为‘因为,既然’,语气比because稍弱,通常放句首。
as它表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,含义与since相同,没有since正式,意为‘由于,鉴于’。
相对于because而言,since和as的语气较弱。since与as的用法大体相同,表示双方已知的原因。由这两个词引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首
注意:在强调句型中,表示原因只能用because.
because语气最强,表示不知道的原因用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常被置于主句之后。当原因是显而易见或者已为人所知的,就用as或since.
1.see sb doing sth=sb be seen doing sth看到某人正在做某事
see sb do sth=sb be seen to do sth看到某人做某事
2.highly副词,高度地
3.open形容词,开放的 open动词,打开
closed形容词,关闭的 close动词,关上
be open to sb对某人开放
be chosen to do sth被选择做某事
be able to do sth有能力做某事
4.think highly of高度评价
5.There be结构的一般将来时:There will be
=There is/are going to be
6.wait for sb to do sth等候某人去做某事
7.last动词,持续 lasting形容词,持久的
8.bored形容词,无聊的(修饰人)
boring形容词,令人厌烦的(修饰物)
9.heavy/bad/busy/too much/a lot of traffic交通拥挤
10.breath名词,呼吸
hold one's breath屏住呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸
out of breath上气不接下气
11.hurry up赶快 in a hurry匆忙的
hurry to do sth匆忙的去做某事
12.not...at all 一点也不
13.had better do sth最好做某事
had better not do sth最好不要做某事
Integrated skills
1.make up编造
be made up of由...组成 be made in在某地制造
2.noise不可数名词,噪音 noisy形容词,吵闹的
noisily副词,吵闹的 3.country乡村,国家
4.value名词,价值 valuable形容词,有价值的
be of great value to=be valuable to 对...有价值
5.start=begin start to do sth开始做某事
6.There be+名词+doing sth.有...在做某事
There are two students cleaning the library.
There be+不可数名词+to do sth.有...要做
There is much homework to do.
There be+sb+doing sth+地点状语.某人在某地正在做某事
There is a boy lying on the floor.
7.no longer=not..any longer不再(强调时间或距离上不再延续
no more=not...any more不再(强调数量或程度上不再
Task
1.real形容词,真的 really副词,真地
2.play with sb与某人一起玩
3.take away拿走,拿开(代词放中间,名词放中间或后面
4.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage sb not to do sth鼓励某人不要做某事
encouragement名词,鼓励
discourage动词,使泄气
discourage sb from doing sth阻拦某人做某事
5.drop动词,扔下,落下。名词,水滴
6.keep doing sth
7.be crazy about doing sth
9A U6知识点
Welcome
1.done形容词,完毕,结束(do-did-done)
2,if如果(主将从现) if是否(引导宾语从句)
3.as+adj/adv原级+as:和...一样
not as/so+adj/adv原级+as:和...不一样
4.little+不可数名词:少量的(表否定)
a little+不可数名词:少量的(表肯定)
few+可数名词复数:少量的(表否定)
a few+可数名词复数:少量的(表肯定)
5.否定疑问句的句式:助动词/情态动词/be与not的缩写形式+主+谓+其他?(难道...没有...吗?)
Don’t you like music?
Yes, I do.(不,我喜欢) No, I don’t.(是的,我不喜欢)
6.one day某天,一天(一般将来时和一般过去时的标志)
Some day某天(一般将来时的标志)
7.prize不可数名词,奖品
8.So much+动词:如此,非常,这么多
So much for...到...为止 So much+不可数名词
9.There be+sb+doing sth.有...正在做某事
There is a dog eating a bone.
There be sth to do sth.有...要做。
There is much homework to do.
Reading
1.weekly形容词&副词,每周的
2.cover动词,报道,覆盖
3.a number of+可数名词复数:许多,大量(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)
the number of+可数名词复数:...的数目(作主语时,谓语动词用单数)
4.leave a message for sb给某人留个口信
take a message for sb替某人稍个口信
5.live副词,现场直播,实况直播
6.text message 短信,短消息
7.direct动词,导演 director可数名词,导演
8.Wealthy形容词,富有的,富裕的
Wealth不可数名词,财富,财产
9.be full of=be filled with充满...
10.Scared形容词,害怕的,恐惧的
be scared of害怕 be scared to do sth害怕做某事
be scared that
11.win an award因...而获奖(win--won(过去时)
Winner可数名词,获奖者
12. Asian形容词,亚洲的。名词,亚洲人 Asia名词,亚洲
13.vote for sb/sth投票支持某人/某物
Vote against sb/sth投票反对某人/某物
14.a three-month vacation=a vacation of three months
=a three months vacation三个月的假期
15.send sth/sb to sp送某物/某人到某地
Send away开除 send out发出
16.face动词,面临,面对 be faced with面临
17.be found dead----be found+形容词(被发现出于某种状态)
18.realize动词,认识到=get to know
realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想
19. latest形容词,最新的,最近的
20. latest最后的(late的最高级)
20.Would(Do) you mind (not) doing sth?
21.announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事
22.as well=too也(放在肯定句/疑问句的句尾)
either也(放在否定句句末)
Grammar
if引导的条件状语从句
当if表示如果时,引导条件状语从句。
在if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时,从句的动词用一般现在时.
在if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句含有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时.
在if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句是祈使句时,从句用一般现在时.
在if引导的条件状语从句中, 无论主句用一般将来时, 情态动词还是祈使句,从句均用一般现在时.
If引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。如果从句在前,从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。
if条件状语从句可以和“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”转换
if意为如果, 引导条件状语从句。
if意为是否,引导宾语从句。
unless引导的条件状语从句
unless表示除非,如果不,=if...not
在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时,或主句含情态动词,或是祈使句时,从句中的动词用一般现在时.
★小结:unless引导的句子可以和if引导的句子转换。unless=if...not
当某种条件所引起的结果是一种情绪或者想法,不能使用unless,只能用if...not.
eg:I will be angry if I am not invited to the party.√
I will be angry unless I am invited to the party.×
1.find +sb/sth+adj:发现某人/某物
find+宾语+宾语补足语=find+that从句
2.complete动词,完成,结束 形容词,完全的,彻底的
3.introduce动词,介绍 introduction名词,介绍,说明
introduce sb to sb把某人介绍给某人
4.take sth with sb随身带着某物
bring sth with sb随身带来某物
5.interest名词,兴趣,爱好 动词,使...产生兴趣
have little interest in对...几乎没有兴趣
have/take/show (an) interest in对...表现出兴趣
Integrated skills
1.act动词,表演,行动 action名词,表演
act to do sth=take action to do sth采取行动做某事
2.habit可数名词,习惯 the habit of doing sth做某事的习惯
get into of the habit of doing sth养成做某事的习惯
get out of the habit of doing sth改掉做某事的习惯
3.silly=foolish=stupid形容词,愚蠢的
be silly to do sth做某事是愚蠢的
4.be different from与...不同 the same as和...一样
5.each other彼此
6.waste名词,浪费。动词,浪费 a waste of time浪费时间
7.对for+一段时间提问,用how long
a member of=be in...的一员
Silly---sillier(比较级)---silliest
8.space=room不可数名词,空间
make space for=make room for为...让出空间
space不可数名词,太空 in space在太空中
9.crash/knock/run into撞到...上
mostly副词,主要地,大部分地
at most最多 at least至少
Task
1.ask for请求 ask sb for help向某人寻求帮助
2.at once=right away立刻,马上
3.See sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
see sb do sth看到某人做某事(强调看到动作的整个过程)
4.use sth to do sth用某物做某事
5.Push into推进 push on推动向前 push over推倒
6.With guns in their hands(with+宾语+宾语补足语:表伴随)
9A U7知识点
Welcome
1.each每个(作主语时,谓语动词用单数)
each of(做主语时,谓语动词用单数)
2.lucky形容词,幸运的(unlucky形容词,不幸的)
luckily副词,幸运地(unluckily副词,不幸地)
luck名词,运气 be lucky to do sth
3.so+adj/adv+that
so+adj+a/an+名词单数+that
such+a/an+adj+名词单数+that
such+adj+名词复数/不可数名词+that
如果名词复数前有many,few修饰,或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so
4.exciting形容词,令人激动的(修饰物)
excited形容词,令人激动的(修饰人)
5.though=although虽然(不可与but连用)
would rather+动词原形
6.do you think是插入语,插入语是对一句话做一些附加的解释,与句子的其他成分没有语法上的关系。
特殊疑问句中,do you think要置于疑问词之后,若疑问词本身是主语,用‘疑问词+do you think+谓语...?
若疑问词本身不是主语,用’疑问词+do you think+主+谓?
who do you think told me so?
who do you think they are going to do tomorrow?
Reading
1.work as 从事,担任
2.catch one's attention
=attract one's attention吸引某人的注意力
3.insist动词,坚持认为
insist+that从句
insist on doing sth坚持做某事
4.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态,在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即过去的过去也可指过去的动作延续到过去某个时刻,基本形式:had+动词的过去分词
5.play the role of扮演...的角色
6.more再,另外的,与some,any,much,many,a few,a little等词连用。one more+名词单数=another+名词单数
数词+more+名词=another+数词+名词(表示在原有基础上再增加多少)
7.peacefully副词,宁静地
peaceful形容词,宁静的 peace名词,宁静,和平
8.be based upon/on以...为基础
9.actor可数名词,男演员 actress可数名词,女演员
10.play the role of扮演...的角色
play an important role in在...中起到重要作用
play the lead role in在...中扮演主角
play the role of扮演...的角色
eg:She will play the lead role in the film.
He usually plays the role of a good man.
11.appearance名词,出现,露面
appear动词,出现 disappear动词,消失
12.make an effort to do sth尽力去做某事
13.go beyond超出,除..之外
go beyond the limit超出限度
go beyond one's duty in doing sth超越职权范围做某事
go beyond everything超越一切
Grammar
although和though引导的让步状语从句
although/though用作连词, 意为“尽管, 虽然” , 常用于引导让步状语从句。让步状语从句表示即使出现在从句中的情况,主句动作仍然会发生,有“退一步说……”的意思。
although和though可用于句首或句中, 但不能与连词but同时使用,不过可与yet, still连用。(though可放在句尾,although不可放在句尾)
若主从句的主语相同, 且从句谓语含有动词be, 可将从句主语和动词be省略。
although和though在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though更正式一些。
so...that和such...that引导的结果状语从句
such... that 作“ 如此…以至于” 解,连接结果状语从句。(结果状语从句是用来补充说明主句动作发生所带来的结果。) 和 so... that 意思相同,但是用法不同。so 是副词,后面可加形容词和副词。
而 such 是限定词,后面要加名词或名词词组,名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。
1.such+a(n)+adj+可数名词单数+that从句
2.such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
3.so+adj/adv+that从句
4.so+adj+a/an+n=such+a/an+adj+n
(口诀:名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so
little属特殊,小用such,少用so)
注意:当名词前有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的词修饰时,用so,不用such.
当that前是不可数名词或可数名词复数时,用such,不用so
so...that和such...that可以和too...to或形容词/副词+enough to do句型互换。若that引导的从句是否定句,通常用too..to.若that引导的从句是肯定句,通常用形容词/副词+enough to do sth.
The boy is so clever that he can work out the problem.
=The boy is clever enough to work out the problem.
The box is so heavy that he can't carry it.
=The box is too heavy for him to carry.
so that引导的目的状语从句
从句中的谓语动词通常和情态动词can, may, will, might, would, could, should等情态动词连用, 而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号so that引导目的状语从句, (目的状语从句用以说明主句动作发生的目的。)
so that意为“以便, 为了, 使能够”,可以与in order that相替换。
从句中的谓语动词通常和情态动词can, may, will, might, would, could, should等情态动词连用, 而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号so that引导目的状语从句, (目的状语从句用以说明主句动作发生的目的。)
其。
so that意为“以便, 为了, 使能够”,可以与in order that相替换。
1.avoid+名词/代词/动词ing:避免做某事
2.短暂性动词----延续性动词
start/begin----have/has been on
finish/stop/end--have/has been over
come/go---have/has been in/at
leave---have/has been away
borrow--have/has kept
join--have/has been in(have/has been a member of)
marry--have/has been married
die--have/has been dead
buy--have/has had
3.leave sth+in/on/at地点短语:把某物忘在某地
forget sth遗忘某物
4.off副词,休息,放假
have+一段时间+off:有多长时间的假期
give sb+一段时间+off:给某人放一段时间假
5.amazed形容词,惊奇的(修饰人)
amazing形容词,令人吃惊的(修饰物)
6.mistake...for把...误认为
make a mistake犯错误 by mistake失误
7.in the corner of在...的拐角处(指内角)
at the corner of在...的拐角处(指外角)
8.lend动词,借出 borrow动词,借入
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb
borrow sth from sb从某人处借某物
Integrated skills
1.seem系动词,似乎,好像
seem+adj=seem to be+形容词
seem to do sth
It seems/seemed +that从句
2.alive形容词,活着的,活的(作定语一般放在所修饰的名次之后,作后置定语。作表语,即可指人也可指物)
The fish is alive.
bring sth alive on screen把...活生生呈现在屏幕上
3.现在完成是的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词
4.cancel动词,取消(过去式cancelled,动词ing:cancelling)
5.what do you think of sth?=How do you like sth?
6.Neither/Nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语。也不...
(指前面否定的情况也适合后者)
I didn't get much sleep last night.
Neither did I.
后者和前者都表达肯定的观点时,用:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语。也是如此
she can play the guitar.
So can my sister.
Task
1.come over过来,顺便来访
not..at all 一点也不
at the table在桌子旁
at table在吃饭
2. can't wait to do sth=can't wait for sth
3.nearly几乎,差不多(不用于句末,一般用于句中
nearly和almost在肯定句中,可互换
almost可用于almost any,almost no,almost none等短语中,
nearly在否定句中用在not后面,而almost则不能
4.set up成立,建立
5.so far到目前为止(现在完成时的标志)
6.even,much,far,a bit后跟形容词或副词比较级
7.consider sb as/to be consider doing sth
consider+that从句
9A U8知识点
Welcome
1.dress动词,给...拿衣服
dress sb/oneself
be dressed in+衣服=wear=be in+颜色:穿着...
dress up as乔装打扮成
2.murder名词,谋杀案。动词,谋杀
murderer可数名词,杀人犯,凶手
3.serious形容词(seriously副词)严肃的(多音节形容词
much more beautiful/stronger
much,even,far,a bit后跟形容词或副词比较级
4.go系动词,变得,成为(后跟形容词)
go missing丢失,不见
missing=lost形容词,缺少的,丢失的
miss动词,错过,失去,想念
5.The girl who is wearing a red skirt is my sister.当宾语从句修饰人,且关系代词在句中作主语时,关系代词除了用who之外,还可以用that,且that不可省略。
The man who/that talked to you yesterday is my uncle.
6.clue可数名词,线索
a clue to sth某事的线索
7.lie(说谎)--lied--lied--lying(He is lying.)
lie(躺,位于--lay--lain--lying(Please lie down for a while.
lay(下蛋,产卵,放置)--laid--laid--laying
lie可数名词,谎言 tell a lie=tell lies
8.might情态动词,可能会
might是may的过去时
表示允许:Might i use your bike?
9.guilty形容词,有罪的
be guilty of犯...罪
10.truth名词,事实,真相 tell the truth说实话
true形容词,真的
truly=really副词,真正地
11.untidy形容词,不整洁的
tidy形容词,整洁的 tidily副词,整洁地
tidness名词,整洁
Reading
1. sb be seen doing sth=see sb doing sth
sb be seen to do sth=see sb do sth
(类似动词有watch,hear.notice)
2.过去将来时:表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态,常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。表示过去习惯的动作一般用would do.
3.whether...or是...还是
whether...or not是...还是不
4.she is the only one who has got a very good mark in the Maths test.
5.make contact with与...取得联系
lose contact with与..失去联系
be in contact with与..有联系
6.be wounded with被...所伤
7.bleed动词,流血(过去式和过去分词:bled)
bleed to death流血致死 blood不可数名词,血液
8.police集体名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数(集体名词family,class,team,group,government,作主语时,强调整体,谓语动词用单数,强调个体,谓语动词用复数
His family is not a large one.
His whole family were having supper.
9.charge sb with sth
=sb be charged with sth某人被指控犯...罪
10.arrest名词,逮捕 be under arrest
动词,逮捕 arrest sb for sth因...而逮捕某人
11.provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
12.break into强行闯入
13.suppose动词,假定,猜想
be supposed to=should
(主语为第一人称suppose,think,believe,否定前移)
I don't suppose that he will agree.
14.witness可数名词,目击者,证人。动词,目击
15.breathe动词,呼吸
heavily副词,沉重地 heavy形容词
breathe heavily=be out of breath气喘吁吁
16.as a result结果是,as a result of=because of因为
17.offer a reward of提供...(奖金)
Grammar
限制性定语从句和关系代词
定语从句的概念:1.定语从句就是在复合句中充当定语的从句,它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。
2.先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
当先行词是人时,关系代词可以用that或who(whom),在定语从句中作主语或宾语(whom只能做宾语);关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。
当先行词是物,关系代词可以用that或which,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。
whose表示某个人的,作定语,在定语从句中修饰一个名词
只能用关系代词that的五种情况:
1.当先行词是all,little,few,much,any,something,anything,everything,nothing,
none,every,no等词时,或者被它们修饰时。
2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
3.当先行词有the very,the only,the same,the last修饰时
4.当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
5.当先行词既包括人又包括物时
注意事项:在定语从句中,若关系代词作主语,从句中的谓语动词的单复数和先行词保持一致。
如果one of+复数名词,后跟定语从句,一般情况下one of后的复数名词为先行词,但当one前面有the only,the very,just the修饰时,先行词则为one.
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词,关系副词或that引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,即可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导
1.elderly形容词,上了年纪的
elder形容词,年龄大的(只能指人,older可指人或物)
2.a couple of一对
3.have nothing to do with与...无关
have something to do with与...有关
4.mention to sb向某人提及
5.require sb to do sth要求某人做某事(主语为人)
require sb doing sth要求某人做某事(主语为物)
6.turn out+that从句
turn out to be sth原来是某物
turn on打开 turn off关上
turn up调高 turn down调低 turn in上交
Integrated skills
1. in the charge of在某人的管理下
be charged with被控告
2. in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱里
3. kidnapping名词,绑架 kidnapper名词,绑架者
kidnap动词,绑架
4. wealth不可数名词,财富 wealthy形容词,富有的
the wealth of很多的
5. criminal形容词,犯罪的 crime名词,犯罪活动
6. sometime某个时候 some time一段时间
Sometimes有时 some times几次,几回
7. safety名词,安全(反义词danger)
safe形容词,安全的(反义词dangerous)
safely副词,安全地
8. had better do sth最好做某事
had better not do sth最好不要做某事
9. too也(用于肯定句或疑问句句末,不用于否定句,可用逗号和前面的句子隔开,也可不用)
as well也(用于肯定句或疑问句句末,不用于否定句,前面不用逗号)
also一般放在句中 either 用于否定句句尾
10. go on to do sth指做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
go on doing sth继续做同一件事
Continue doing sth continue to do sth
Task
1.get along/on with与...和睦相处
get along/on well with与...友好相处
2.steal--stolen--stolen
steal sth from sb从某人那偷走某物
3.do sth for a living
=make a living by doing sth=live by doing sth靠做某事来谋生
4.see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事
sb be seen doing sth某人被看到正在做某事
5.take sth to sp带某物去某地
6.表示和,在肯定句中用and.
表示和,在否定句中用or
7. start/begin to do sth=start/begin doing sth
8.arrest名词和动词,逮捕
be under arrest for因...而被逮捕
arrest sb for sth=sb be arrested for sth
9.except除...之外,表示从所提到的人或物中除去,即从整体中除去部分,表示递减,含义是否定的
besides除...之外,还有,指在整体中加入一部分,表示递增,含义是肯定的。
beside在...旁边
Peter was standing beside me and he likes English,Chinese,and so on besides Maths.We go to school every day except on Sundays and Saturdays.
皮特站在我身旁,除了数学,他还喜欢英语,语文等,除周六,周日外,我们每天都上学
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