2025年中考英语复习句子成分+名词+代词 课件

英语句子成分 What is Grammar? 词 vocabulary 短语 phrases 句子 sentences 段落 paragraphs 篇章 discourses 英语句子成分 词 vocabulary 实词 content words 虚词 fuction words 动词 verbs 名词 nouns 副词 adverbs 代词 pronouns 数词 numerals 形容词 adjectives 冠词 articles 感叹词 injections 介词 prepositions 连词 conjunctions 有实际意义的词 没有具体意义的词 英语句子成分 短语 phrases 分词短语 介词短语 不定式短语 动名词短语 名词短语 动词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 具有一定意义但不构成句子或者从句的一组词 英语句子成分 句子 sentences 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 表语 predicative 同位语 appositive 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 补语 complement 英语句子成分 主语：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、动名词等来承担。 Cindy is a nice teacher. He is a student. Playing football is fun. Two and five makes seven. To pass the exam is his aim. What he has is nothing but money. 英语句子成分 谓语：主语发出的动作，一般是动词。 简单谓语：单个动词或动词短语。 We plant trees in spring every year. My boss stayed up late last night. 复杂谓语：（1）助动词+实义动词 Mary has taught English for seven years. （2）情态动词+实义动词/系动词 You will succeed if you try your best. You should be serious. 英语句子成分 宾语：动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后，可由名词、不定式等充当。 Everyone wants to succeed. Show the passport, please. She didn’t say anything. -How many apples do you want? -I want two. I enjoy working with you. I bought a book on how to repair cars. Did you write down what he said? 英语句子成分 定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，分为前置定语或后置定语。 Some intelligent students. A woman doctor was operating on a patient. His progress in English made us surprised. The boy in the room is my friend. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Being honest with each other is the best way to make friends. The man named Jack is my friend. 前置定语：短，放名词前 后置定语：长，放名词后 英语句子成分 状语：动作发生的原因、结果、地点、方式、条件等。 You can put it down anywhere. The meeting has been called off last night after the deadly explosion. The company will go bankrupt unless business improves. Seeing nobody in the office, she had to leave a note. 常见考点：Eggs are extremely well adapted to men's needs. Frankly, I think his lesson is very boring. This is a highly effective way to refine sugar. 英语句子成分 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、身份、状态和特征。 That sounds great. I am an English teacher. 英语句子成分 What is 系动词？ （1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were （2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel （3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”） （4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”） （5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词,“是”） 英语句子成分 补语： （1）主补：对主语的补充。 The wall were painted white. The dogs seems friendly. （2）宾补：补充说明宾语的身份和状态。 We call him Jim for short. Don’t make everybody your enemy. We must keep our classroom clean. 英语句子成分 同位语：对名词或名词组提供补充说明和解释作用。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday my father gave me a birthday present, a new bike. You may leave the work to us both. We two went to the bank yesterday. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. There is only one place left-under the table. The news that our team has won the match is true. 英语句子成分 分析划线部分在句子中充当的成分。 1.The early bird catches the worm. 2.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. 3. I found everything in good condition. 4. David showed me the way. 5. What I want to say is this. 6. I think it wrong to waste time. 7.You should put the book where it was. 定语 谓语 定语 宾补 宾语 表语 宾语 状语 英语句子成分 同位语：对名词或名词组提供补充说明和解释作用。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday my father gave me a birthday present, a new bike. You may leave the work to us both. We two went to the bank yesterday. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. There is only one place left-under the table. The news that our team has won the match is true. 简单句基本句型 （1）主+谓（S+V） 在SV结构中，动词一般为不及物动词。 Everybody laughed. Every minute counts. （2）主+谓+宾（S+V+O） 在SVO结构中，动词一般为及物动词，其后必须跟宾语。 I love you. Nobody could answer the question. 简单句基本句型 （3）主+系+表（S+V+P） 在SVC结构中，动词一般为连系动词。 They are students. Truth is the daughter of time. Review:系动词 be动词、感官动词、变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”） 保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词,“是”） 简单句基本句型 （4）主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO） IO为间接宾语，DO为直接宾语 Mary lent me her car. 一般而言，直接宾语是人或动物，间接宾语是事物。 （5）主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+C） We made him our monitor. 简单句基本句型 Mary lent me her car. We made him our monitor. 共同点：都是在动词后出现一些词。 Ask：考试时候如何判断动词后是双宾语还是宾语宾补？ Tips:在动词后那些词上，中间加上be动词，如果能构成一个句子，则为宾语宾补，否则为双宾语。 I was her car. He was our monitor. 1.They work hard. 2.That bird is dead. 3.Plants need water. 4.He gives me some seeds. 5.She asked me to come back soon. 6.Many animals live in trees. 练习1：试判断以下句子的句型 主+谓 主+系+表 主+谓+宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓 主+谓+宾+宾补 句子类型 （1）按功能分： 陈述句：陈述事实和表达意见，包括肯定句和否定句。 You are hard-working. You shouldn’t give up. 祈使句：表达请求、命令、建议等。 Read after me. 感叹句：表达强烈情感和情绪，由how和what引导。 What a touching movie it is.= How touching the movie is. 句子类型 疑问句： 一般疑问句：可以由yes或no回答。 Is there anything wrong with the computer? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词开头，不能用yes或no回答。 What do you want to do after graduation? 选择疑问句：两者或两者以上选择。 Which one do you prefer, coffee or tea? 反意疑问句：前肯后否，前否后肯。 They can speak English well, can’t they? 并列句 由两个或两个以上简单句通过各种并列连词连接起来的句子。 ①联合并列句：and, not only...but (also) ..., neither...nor... Neither the teacher nor the students knew the answer to the difficult question. ②选择并列句：or, either...or... Either she or Kate goes to visit the Great Wall. ③因果并列句：so, for He couldn’t find his pen, so he wrote in pencil. 并列句 ④转折并列句：but, yet, while There is plenty of rain in the southeast, while there is little in the northwest. Note: although不能与表示转折的but连用，但是却可以与yet连用。 Although we have made some progress, we still have a long way to go. Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go. 1. — Would you like to go to the concert with me? — I’d love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do. A. but B. and C. or D. so 2. Work hard, _______ you will pass the driving test. A. or B. but C. because D. and 练习：在以下选项中选择正确答案 A D 3. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look both ways before crossing the street. A. but B. so C. or D. however 4. Call a taxi, _______ you will miss the train. A. and B. though C. because D. or 5. The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life,_____ they failed. A. but B. for C. or D. and D A B 复合句 包含一个或一个以上从句的句式，由从属连词/关系词连接前后两个句子，一个主句，一个从句 复合句 定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 课堂练习 1. Meiling returned from abroad a totally different person. The italicized part functions as a in the sentence. A. appositive B. object C. adverbial D. complement 2. In the sentence, “It is no use waiting for her.” The italicized phrase is . A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject 3. Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject? A. We never doubt that Marr is honest. B. The problem is not who will go but who will stay. C. It is clear that the ability to smile is inborn. D. I heard the news that our team had won. D D C 课堂练习 4. Which is the following italized parts is used as an object? A. What do you think has happened to her? B. Who do you think the visiting professor is? C. How much do you think he earns every month? D. How quickly would you say he would come? 5. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary a Christmas present. C. You have done Peter a favor. D. She is teaching children English. C A 名词 名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 名词分类 大类 次类 例词 专有名词 Henry,Greece, the Great Wall 普通名词 可数名词 个体名称 lawyer, novel, city 集体名词 people, staff, team, equipment 不可数名词 物质名词 iron, fire, air, cutton 抽象名词 luck, goodness, enthusiam 名词 名词的数： 一些名词的单复数形式，词义差别较大。 damage 破坏，损失-damages 赔偿金 wood 木头，木材-woods 树林 ruin 毁灭，毁坏-ruins 废墟 necessity 必然，必要-necessities 必需品 authority 权力-authorities 当局，官方 paper 纸-papers 文件，证明 water水-waters水域 名词 名词的数：有些名词只能做不可数名词，没有复数形式： news, advice, bread, clothing, furniture, luggage, cash, housework, information, fun, damage, music I need some advice on that problem. Note: suggestion是可数名词 We can read news on our iPads. He found a set of new furniture for his living room. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for which they are paid in cash. We had fun at the party. 名词 名词的数：表示学科（-ics结尾，mathematics，physics）、游戏（-s结尾，darts射镖、cards纸牌）、疾病（-s结尾，diabetes糖尿病，measles麻疹），以及像the United States（-s结尾）专有名词，作单数（形复意单） Physics is the mother of sciences. Billiards（台球）is played by women as well as by men. 名词 名词的数：表示衣物（jeans, pajamas）、两部分构成的工具器械（scissors，glasses）、山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词，某些以-ings结尾名词（earnings，surroundings）、表示某类东西的总称（clothes）以及不表示学科的以-ics结尾的词（politics政治观点），都用做复数 All my belongings are in this bag. After a week’s work my earnings are $50. 名词 名词的数：单复数同形情况： 某些动物、鸟类和鱼类的名词：sheep, deer, cod, fish craft船只，aircraft飞机，hovecraft气垫船，spacecraft宇宙飞船 某些表示国籍名称：Chinese，Swiss，Japanese，Portuguese，Vietnamese 一些汉语音译的数量名称：li里，yuan元，jin斤 其他名词：means，series，species This sheep is from Australia. These sheep are from Australia. The craft was sunk. All the craft were sunk. She is a Japanese. The Janpanese are noted for their cartoons. 看名词前面的修饰词 名词 名词的数：男女特例 将词中的man或woman变成men或women Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen 法国女人 Englishman--Englishmen 英国人 one man doctor-two men doctors两个男医生 one woman teacher-three women teachers三个女医生 名词 名词的数：男女特例 将词中的man或woman变成men或women Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen 法国女人 Englishman--Englishmen 英国人 one man doctor-two men doctors两个男医生 one woman teacher-three women teachers三个女医生 名词 1. Fire causes to property. A. damages B. the damage C. a damage D. damage 2. Place names are to study, besides, they teach us something about history. A. a fun B. fun C. one fun D. the fun D B 名词 名词成分： The girl is my younger sister. Frank sent an e-mail from Paris this morning. We made him our monitor. I read about the news in the paper. He called an emergence meeting of the governors. A hat this size won’t fit anymore. Wait a moment. My new partner, an American woman, know a lot about China. 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 宾语 定语 定语 状语 同位语 名词 名词做定语：名词做定语时，常用于说明被修饰名词的性质。 income dex个人所得税 indentity card身份证 food industry食品工业 career guidance就业指导 blood type血型 winter vocation寒假 名词 名词做定语： 表示材料、用途、地点等普通名词可做定语，修饰另一个名词，一般用单数，个别用复数。 chain store连锁商店 sports meeting运动会 有些带连词符的复合名词中，名词+ed/d可以构成形容词做定语。 a stone-hearted mother 一个铁石心肠的母亲 a blue-eyed boy一个蓝眼睛的男孩 名词 名词所有格：’s ......的 （1）名词的-’s属格作定语时，一般用于表示有生命的名词，强调从属关系。 Mary’s diary玛丽的日记 my friend’s pet我朋友的宠物 （2）有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家、城市、机构等无生命的名词，也可用-’s或-s’构成所有格，作定语。 a pound’s weight一磅的重量 London’s weather伦敦的天气 two months’ holiday两个月假期 名词 名词所有格：of属格 （1）of短语前的名词有不定冠词或数词修饰。 He is a friend of my father’s. It’s a new scheme of the Prime Minister’s. （2）of短语前的名词带this、that等指示代词，表示一定的感情色彩。 This dog of Nancy’s has torn my trousers. That wife of Mr Brown’s is constantly complaining. 表示全体中的一部分 名词 1. It is from this school to the hotel you stay at. A. drive of an hour B. an hour’s drive C. an hour drive D. an hour of drive’s 2. He was able to recite at the age of three. A. fifteen poems of Li Bai’s B. fifteen poems of Li Bai C. fifteen Li Bai poems D. Li Bai’s fifteen poems B A 名词 名词所有格：of属格 （3）“be+of+n.=be+adj.”表示人或事物的特征，of后的抽象名词起修饰和描述作用。常用于该结构的抽象名词有：help, value, use, importance, significance, wealth等；常用于该结构的形容词有：great, vital, considerable, immense等。 It will be of great significance to accomplish this research project. =It will be significant to accomplish this research project. 名词 名词所有格：of属格意义 （1）表示所有关心 my sister’s selfie （2）表示主谓关系 my mother’s love for children the teacher’s praise （3）表示动宾关系 children’s education women’s liberation （4）表示来源 The People’s Daily editorials(=editorials by The People’s Daily) 名词 名词所有格：of属格意义 （5）表示类别 a man’s work a doctor’s degree （6）表示度量、时间等 a month’s salary four years’ study 相当于名词作定语 名词 1. Which of the following italized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room. B. You can buy men’s shoes in the shop. C. Mrs. Blake’s passport was lost. D. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end. D 代词 格 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 我 你 他/她/它 我们 你们 他/她/它们 主格 I you he，she，it we you they 宾格 me you him，her，it us you them 人称代词： 代词 人称代词易错点： （1）注意与其所指代的词在人称和数上保持一致。 A good song lends comfort to people, so that they feel less lonely. （2）如果人称代词后面是定语从句，谓语动词需与代词保持。 They who are my classmates will support me at any time. （3）she或her用来代表国家、城市、船舶、飞机、真理、科学和自然等，表达感情色彩。 China is a developing country. She will always take sides with the Third World. 代词 （4）it用法： ①it作形式主语：it is+adj.+(for/of) sb to do sth做某事（对某人来说）......样 It is comparatively difficult to find the object in one year. It is no fun/no good/no use+doing sth做某事没意义、没好处的 It is no use crying over split milk. ②it作形式宾语：V.(find, consider...)+it+adj./n.+to do sth/that 从句 发现/认为做某事..... Tom finds it difficult to concentrate. 代词 （4）it用法： ③强调句：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分 It was he who had committed such crime. It was on Sunday that I came across a classmate of mine in the street. ④it用来指代小孩和婴儿以及刚提到的人或事物、未知的人或物。 -Someone is knocking the door? -Who is it? ⑤it用来指代时间、天气、距离。 It is sunny today. 代词 1. They did not find to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet. A. worth their while B. it worthwhile C. it worth D. it worthy 2. It was who presided at the meeting. A. me B. him C. he D. her 3. To be frank, is really exciting that we have won the game. A. this B. that C.it D. there B C C 代词 物主代词： 词性 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 我的 你的 他/她/它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 形容词性 my your his，her，its our your their 名词性 mine yours his，hers，its ours yours theirs 代词 物主代词考点： （1）形容词性物主代词仅用作定语，不能单独使用，其后必须且只能接名词或名词短语。 I’m sure you don't want to listen to all my problems. （2）名词性物主代词可用作主语、表语和宾语，可以单独使用，其后不可再接名词或名词短语。 This basketball is yours. Mine is lost. Would you please lend me yours? 有名用形，无名用名 代词 （3）名词性物主代词可与of连用，表示部分概念或感情色彩。 Playing football is the happiest thing of theirs. （4）物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。 I went to Beijing with all my classmates. （5）使用物主代词时，要保持数和人称一致。 In its own way, mathematics can be as creative and exciting as a poetry. 代词 1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish proposals in the near future. A. their B. our C. his D. its 2. I don’t take Julia’s pen because I don’t like . A. that her pen B. that pen of hers C. her that pen D. that pen of her D B 代词 反身代词： 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 代词 反身代词： （1）作宾语和表语，宾语须和主语或动作的发出者一致。 He bought himself some CDs when summer vocation began. The people who want this product are themselves. （2）作同位语，表示本身，自己。 I don’t need the camera itself, just the lenses. （3）固定搭配。 pull oneself together 克制 help oneself 自便 make oneself at home 别客气 upset oneself 自寻烦恼 say to oneself 自言自语 teach oneself 自学 代词 指示代词： 代词 含义及用法 this 近指 指时间或空间上接近的人或事物，可以与here连用，或用来代替下文要讲的事 this指代单数名词或不可数名词 these these指代复数名词 that 远指 指时间或空间上较远的人或事物，可以与there连用，或用来代替前面提到过的事 that指代单数名词或不可数名词 those those指代复数名词 代词 指示代词： What I want to know is this: are all of you here? 指代下文提到的事情 He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school. 指代上文提到的内容 The taste of Sichuan cuisine is totally different from that of Guangdong cuisine. 常用于比较句型中，指代上文提到的名词 代词 指示代词易混点： 考点 用法 it 特指上文同一个 指代单数，不可数 I like the blue sweater. I’ll take it. that 特指上文同一类（比较结构） 指代单数（=the one）,不可数 The bike which I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has. those 指代复数（=the ones） The books on this shelf are less interesting than those one that shelf. one 泛指上文同一类 指代单数 I don’t have a dictionary, and I am going to buy one. ones 指代复数 Tom has a red pencil and two blue ones. 代词 指示代词such： 可以用来指代前面或提到过的某个人或某件事，多作主语，“这样，这种，如此（地步）” such as to 这样......以至于....../如此......以至于...... Such was my immediate impression. His manner was such as to defend everyone who he met. 代词 1. The school its academic record. A. prides itself on B. prides itself in C. prides in D. prides on 2. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as earned by his own labor. A. that B. one C. such D. what 3.The milk is so hot that I can’t drink now. A. that B. them C. one D. it 4. His remark were annoy everybody at the meeting. A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to B A D B 代词 不定代词考点： “三三两两” Both of them are from China. Neither is convincing. All the three students are young. None of the furniture gets wet. 都 都不 任一 两者 both neither either >=三者 all none any both...and... neither...nor... either...or... 代词 1. of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 2. of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. A. None B. Both C. Niether D. All D C 代词 不定代词考点： “每一” every三者或三者以上中的每个，强调整体 each两者或两者以上的每个，强调个体 Every student in the classroom took part in the performance. =All students in his class took part in the performance. Each side of the street was crowded with people. Each child will find his own personal road to success. 代词 不定代词考点： other家族 单数 复数 泛指 another（另外一个，再一个） 作定语 作主语或宾语 other (people) others 特指 the other（另外那个） the other (people) the others 代词 You can ask other people for help. Some designs are better than others. He has two sisters. One is a teacher, the other is a writer. I went swimming while the others played tennis. There are 2,000 students in our school. Some are Japanese, some are English, the others are Chinese. I want to have another apple. 常见搭配：one…the other… 一个······另一个 some…others… 一些······另一些 some…the others… 一些······其余的 代词 1. of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 2. of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. A. None B. Both C. Niether D. All 3. He showed me some designs and of them had different features. A. every B. that C. each D. much 4. Three people spoke at the meeting. One is a lawyer, a teacher, and the third is a social worker. A. other B. the other C. others D. another D C C D 代词 5. No agreement was reached as neither side would give way to . A. another B. any other C. the other D. other C 代词 复合不定代词： （1）形式：-one -body 指人 -thing 指物 （2）用法：①“不形”结构：复合不定代词+形容词 ②复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数 I am looking for something difficult. Nothing is more important than health. ③somebody和nobody可以表示“重要人物”和“无足轻重的人”，something of a/an “颇有几分，堪称” She was something of a beauty when she was young. 代词 1. Unluckily, he could do about his situation at that time. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing D 代词 复合不定代词： 固定结构： anything but：根本不，决不 nothing but：仅仅，不外乎 all but：几乎，除了.....之外都...... none but：仅仅 none other than：不是别人，正是...... Henry is anything but a scholar. Nothing but a miracle can save her now. We all but succeeded. 代词 在翻译中的应用： （1）省略作主语的人称代词： He is not well today, but he still comes to class. 他今天不舒服，但还是来上课了。 （2）省略作宾语的代词： The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越容易暴露。 （3）省略物主代词： I put my hands into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 代词 在翻译中的应用： 英语多使用代词，在汉译英过程中，需要进行增词，适当增加作主语和宾语的人称代词，增加物主代词it。 他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。 He likes to point out other people’s shortcomings, but he means well. 这个小男孩饭钱都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 The little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. 外面一团漆黑。 It is a pitch dark outside. $$