【春考特训课】第05讲：选词填空十一选十之钓鱼方略 -【决胜春季高考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

第05讲： 选词填空十一选十之钓鱼方略 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 ◆ 近年高考选词文章分析 · 选词填空题文体以说明文为主 · 题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。 【要点梳理】 ◆ 近年高考选词词汇分析 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 ◆ 近年高考选词核心词汇概览 2014年 A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply 2015年 A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 2016年 A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze 2017年春考 A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative 2017年秋考 A. aggressively B. challenging  C. considerable D. established E.  favor F.  initiated G. locally H. prioritizing      I.  source J. transferred    K. volume 2018年春考 A.address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept 2018年秋考 A.committed  B. compared  C. contact  D. delegation  E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate  H. respelled  I. similar  J. superiors  K. witnessed ◆ 近年高考选词词汇难点分析 一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配 acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录 acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于 commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于. evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变 determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视 · 解题步骤： 第一步，详读选项，词分类 首先判断方框内单词词性，有些词具有多个词性，不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中,  前缀区分意思,  后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的,  暂时搁置。 A. combination B. regrettably C. embarrassing D. discomfort E. composed F. respectively G. delivered H. typical I. limitations J. accompanied K. evident A version of her own song Come Alive was (36)_____ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. 36.be+done+by, 通过分析句子结构可知，此处缺动词的过去分词形式，根据上文的 Come Alive这首歌曲以及下文介词by后面的dancers可知此曲是由dancer来伴舞的。 第二步，略读全文，定中心 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 A. parental B. balance C. declined D. deposit E. downloaded F. engaging G. financial H. immediately I. listing J. deliberately K. purchases Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the (40) nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. 40. 考查形容词，作定语修饰nagging，再结合语境“一些父母可能会担心，依靠应用程序让孩子做家务只会鼓励他们更多地使用手机。但是，选择这种方法的父母认为，他们是在与孩子在一起的地方相遇，这消除了______的唠叨”，所以A选项“父母的”符合语境。 第三步，填词入空，三步走 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 A. support B. effectiveness C. expanding D. escape E. reached F. questioning G. switched H. control I. recording J. allowed K. inferring Shifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ____J. allowed____ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food. 【详解】32.先分析缺空词性，由词性搭配和句子结构可知，是一个过去分词：E/G/J。然后可以根据段落大意迅速判断，句首Shifting from hunting to farming ，shift和这里G.switched同为转变的意思。整句话句意：那些仍旧通过打猎和采集的人需要20个小时来获取食物以谋生，但是那些转向耕作的人需要工作30个小时才能获得同样数量的食物。故选G。 第四步，复核检查，定结果 篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。 A. backup B. borderlines C. breathlessly D. connectivity E. deskbound F. divorcing G. functions H. interrupting I. presence J. reluctantly K. update The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. 32. 根据句意，填入connectivity，internet connectivity意思是网络的连接。 internet名词做定语修饰connectivity.。 课堂精练 演练 A. environment B. necessarily　 C. allowed　 D. cheated　 E. international F. admitted G. hardly　 H. necessary　 I. joy　 J. communication　 K. difficulty A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language. 　　Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs. 　　Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? 　 Create a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”. 【Keys】: KIJFG DBHAE 【解析】: 第一步：词性分类 A. environment n. B. necessarily adv. C. allowed v./adj D. cheated v./adj. E. international adj. F. admitted v./adj. G. hardly adv. H. necessary adj. I. joy n J. communication n. K. difficulty n. 在进行这一步时要注意两个问题： 1. 在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。 第二步：抓住中心，略读文章 首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。 第三步：确定空格词性，填词入空 首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。 以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况： 1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。 2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。 也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。 确认空格处词性的规律： 1.确定空格为名词 (1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流) (2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy (3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment 2.确定空格为动词 (1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。 (2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去 分词。示例第四空admitted (3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语 动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated (4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。 (5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3.确定空格为形容词 (1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary (2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。 (3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international 4.确定空格为副词 (1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly (2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。 第四步：跳读检查 只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。 课后反馈 演练 （2024年虹口区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily F. extent G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable Science in Images Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it. A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition. “Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author. The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms. For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms. Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.” （2024年黄浦区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. convincing B. disinformation C. hazards D. illogical E. maintain F. preview G. publicly H. racing I. response J. speed K. seemingly OpenAI Unveils A.I. that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping Videos Last April, a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos. The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing. But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly ___31___ videos sooner. Just 10 months later, OpenAI has revealed a similar system, Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie. OpenAI is among the many companies ___32___ to improve this kind of instant video generator. The technology could ___33___ the work of experienced moviemakers. It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online ___34___, making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet. In an interview, the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s ___35___. The intention here is to give a(n) ___36___ of what is likely to happen soon, so that people can see the capabilities of this technology. Like other generative A.I. technologies, OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data — in this case, videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain. OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from, except to say the training included both ___37___ available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders. The company says little about the data used to train its technologies, most likely because it wants to ___38___ an advantage over competitors. Sora generates videos in ___39___ to short descriptions. Though the videos can be impressive, they may include strange and ___40___ images. The system, for example, recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie — but the cookie never got any smaller. （2024年嘉定区二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. conserve B. wrinkly C. stationary D. exceptional E. oddities F. nursing G. timely H. sounding I. generalize J. comprise K. rules The Curious World of Bats Not all bats are unbelievably adorable, like the one below. Many of them have ____31____ faces and large ears that help them “see” in the dark, using echo location (回声定位). But all bats are, without a doubt, ____32____ creatures. Scientists are typically reluctant to ____33____ about bats because they make up such a large and diverse group of winged animals. With nearly 1, 500 species, bats ____34____ about one-fifth of all mammal (哺乳动物) species on Earth. But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are, in not- so-scientific terms, very odd. “They break all the ____35____,” said Cori Lausen, a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada. Being able to fly is just one of their ____36____, since mammals rarely fly. Apart from that, bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows-as slow as one beat per minute. Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep, known as “torpor”, for a few hours a day or even for weeks to ____37____ energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable. And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies, some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year. For how much energy they need, it’s also surprising that many bat species, including most of those in the US, rely on insects alone for food. They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them. A mom that is ____38____ a baby can catch more than 4,000 insects in one night. Oddly although bats can fly, they can’t easily take off from a(n) ____39____ position, like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling. “For them, it’s not upside down,” Frick said. “It’s flight-side ready!” While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals, scientists are ____40____ the alarm. In North America, more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline. Climate change, they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction. 01. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． live B．adapted C． perspective D．maximize E. costumes F. inject G. credited H. directorial I. publicity J. prospect K. integrated Young Chinese opera director broadens traditional art form “Chinese opera art is like a huge sponge, constantly absorbing, transforming, merging and flourishing,” says traditional Chinese opera director Li Zhuoqun, who is ____31____with creating a market for traditional opera shows in small theaters across China. Performed in 2013, Li Zhuoqun’s first ____32____work “Death Do Us Part” is a story ____33____from the 14th-century Chinese classic novel “Water Margin”. Li, a graduate of the National Academy of Chinese Theater Arts, says that performing this classic piece for today’s audience is an experiment and a challenge. “We decided to shorten the divorce scene that lasted four or five days in order to ____34____ the effect of our vocals and dramatic performances. We also invited modern dancers to work with us. We ____35____the performance methods of traditional opera with the rhythm of modem dance.” Li defines her team as “small, deep, refined and broad”. She explained, “‘Small’ in its size, volume and ____36____. ‘Deep’ refers to our performance and the depth of the script. ‘Refined’ refers to the production of the ____37____ makeup, props, sound and light. ‘Broad’ refers to its ____38____ and operation.” “We target all ages and a wider audience.” To Li, traditional opera is “the art of regret” due to the unique charm of ____39____ performances. She aims to allow the audience to enjoy every minute of the show and draw more people to the theater. Li said, “We hope to find a possibility for small theater opera to make a breakthrough in terms of the market and target audience. With the development of aesthetics (审美) and society, our generation needs to _____40_____a wider and more varied artistic vocabulary into traditional opera. Yet it should still develop on the basis of maintaining the characteristics of traditional opera.” 02.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． experiencing B．loss   C． respond D．pressing E. determine F. classify G. senses    H. strictly I. processing J. distinguish K.upset There’s no doubt that dogs are incredibly perceptive and sensitive beings, with the ability to sense emotions and read the facial expressions of humans. The American Kennel Club (AKC) says previous studies have shown dogs combine hearing and sight to ____31____ to happy and angry human faces with happy and angry vocalizations (发声).Researchers have found that dogs can ____32____ the positive sound of laughing from the negative sound of crying. The dogs were found to be more ____33____ and stimulated by the negative sounds than positive ones. A 2018 study published in Scientific Report showed that dogs can ____34____ human emotions using only their ears. They use the right side of their brain for ____35____ negative emotions and the left side for positive ones. A 2016 study published in The Royal Society’s Biology Letters showed dogs can recognize emotions in humans using information from different ____36____, which the study said is an ability that had never previously been observed outside of humans. Speaking to Newsweek, the AKC’s chief veterinary officer, Dr. Jerry Klein, explained dogs can certainly become depressed and anxious. There have been reports of dogs ____37____ depression and loneliness following the ____38____ of an owner or a “fellow member” of their pack, as well as a change from their normal routine, Klein explained. “But whether or not dogs get ‘sad’ is a little less certain,” Klein told Newsweek. Klein said from a ____39____ scientific standpoint, there isn’t “strong evidence” that dogs feel what people would ____40____ as sadness. “Dogs live more in the moment and don’t have the ‘self-consciousness’ or the tendency to inwardly ponder like people do.” （2020上海春考） A. focused B. collaborating C. assumed D. occupations E. frustrations F. widespread G. necessarily H. extension I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially Burnout in the Hospital：Why Doctors Are Set Up for Stress Some experts call physician bum out “inevitable”, given the high-pressure environment in which they must make potentially life-saving, and almost always life-altering, choices on a constant basis. Research shows that up to 40% of U. S. doctors experience emotional, physical, and psychological burnout from their jobs, and the consequences are no different for them than they are for people in other (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting comers. In the premiere issue of the journal Burnout Research, which is devoted to research on the topic, Anthony Montgomery, an associate professor in the Psychology of Work and Organizations in the University of Macedonia in Greece, (32) _________ on physician burnout, and argues that the way doctors are trained may set them up for a career of (33)_________ and high-stress situations. And the consequences may be hurting the care they provide patients. He says that while doctors interact with people on a daily basis, their training and their worth as physicians are focused almost entirely on their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tools for understanding and navigating social interactions and for (34) _________ as part of a larger team or organization. Montgomery argues that most medical students are chosen because of their high-test scores, so medical school becomes like a(n) (35) _________ of school. They then become residents, thrown into a more social environment in which they are expected to interact with patients, hospital staff and colleagues in ways they may not have expected to or been prepared to do. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the proper emotional capacity to guide patients through extremely stressful and often traumatic (37) _________, but not having the tools to manage these situations can be stressful on the doctors themselves. While burnout among physicians is (38) _________, some studies have shown surgeons and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk. “The irony is that doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to make (39) _________,” says Montgomery. “Doctors understand that their job is to be the best doctor they can, but they do not (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hospital as a whole better serve the community.” In his practice, for example, Montgomery says that his colleagues admitted to learning skills like communication and teamwork on the job, after they left medical school. （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture. Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength. （2017上海春考） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all. When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless. While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way. “Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?” But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end. Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on. Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said. It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5. “We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n)____40_____ , and so do password cracker.” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲： 选词填空十一选十之钓鱼方略 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 ◆ 近年高考选词文章分析 · 选词填空题文体以说明文为主 · 题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。 【要点梳理】 ◆ 近年高考选词词汇分析 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 ◆ 近年高考选词核心词汇概览 2014年 A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply 2015年 A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 2016年 A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze 2017年春考 A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative 2017年秋考 A. aggressively B. challenging  C. considerable D. established E.  favor F.  initiated G. locally H. prioritizing      I.  source J. transferred    K. volume 2018年春考 A.address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept 2018年秋考 A.committed  B. compared  C. contact  D. delegation  E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate  H. respelled  I. similar  J. superiors  K. witnessed ◆ 近年高考选词词汇难点分析 一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配 acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录 acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于 commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于. evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变 determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视 · 解题步骤： 第一步，详读选项，词分类 首先判断方框内单词词性，有些词具有多个词性，不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中,  前缀区分意思,  后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的,  暂时搁置。 A. combination B. regrettably C. embarrassing D. discomfort E. composed F. respectively G. delivered H. typical I. limitations J. accompanied K. evident A version of her own song Come Alive was (36)_____ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. 36.be+done+by, 通过分析句子结构可知，此处缺动词的过去分词形式，根据上文的 Come Alive这首歌曲以及下文介词by后面的dancers可知此曲是由dancer来伴舞的。 第二步，略读全文，定中心 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 A. parental B. balance C. declined D. deposit E. downloaded F. engaging G. financial H. immediately I. listing J. deliberately K. purchases Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the (40) nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. 40. 考查形容词，作定语修饰nagging，再结合语境“一些父母可能会担心，依靠应用程序让孩子做家务只会鼓励他们更多地使用手机。但是，选择这种方法的父母认为，他们是在与孩子在一起的地方相遇，这消除了______的唠叨”，所以A选项“父母的”符合语境。 第三步，填词入空，三步走 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 A. support B. effectiveness C. expanding D. escape E. reached F. questioning G. switched H. control I. recording J. allowed K. inferring Shifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ____J. allowed____ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food. 【详解】32.先分析缺空词性，由词性搭配和句子结构可知，是一个过去分词：E/G/J。然后可以根据段落大意迅速判断，句首Shifting from hunting to farming ，shift和这里G.switched同为转变的意思。整句话句意：那些仍旧通过打猎和采集的人需要20个小时来获取食物以谋生，但是那些转向耕作的人需要工作30个小时才能获得同样数量的食物。故选G。 第四步，复核检查，定结果 篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。 A. backup B. borderlines C. breathlessly D. connectivity E. deskbound F. divorcing G. functions H. interrupting I. presence J. reluctantly K. update The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. 32. 根据句意，填入connectivity，internet connectivity意思是网络的连接。 internet名词做定语修饰connectivity.。 课堂精练 演练 A. environment B. necessarily　 C. allowed　 D. cheated　 E. international F. admitted G. hardly　 H. necessary　 I. joy　 J. communication　 K. difficulty A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language. 　　Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs. 　　Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? 　 Create a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”. 【Keys】: KIJFG DBHAE 【解析】: 第一步：词性分类 A. environment n. B. necessarily adv. C. allowed v./adj D. cheated v./adj. E. international adj. F. admitted v./adj. G. hardly adv. H. necessary adj. I. joy n J. communication n. K. difficulty n. 在进行这一步时要注意两个问题： 1. 在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。 第二步：抓住中心，略读文章 首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。 第三步：确定空格词性，填词入空 首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。 以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况： 1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。 2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。 也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。 确认空格处词性的规律： 1.确定空格为名词 (1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流) (2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy (3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment 2.确定空格为动词 (1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。 (2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去 分词。示例第四空admitted (3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语 动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated (4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。 (5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3.确定空格为形容词 (1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary (2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。 (3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international 4.确定空格为副词 (1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly (2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。 第四步：跳读检查 只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。 课后反馈 演练 （2024年虹口区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily F. extent G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable Science in Images Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it. A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition. “Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author. The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms. For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms. Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.” 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. E 34. G 35 H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. F 40. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，蚝菇可以利用一种特殊的有毒物质冷冻并清除食蘑菇的线虫。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：蘑菇生长在营养不良的枯木上，然后吃掉蠕虫为了获取营养。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据空后for nutrition可知，这些蚝菇为了营养吃掉了蠕虫。根据句意，此处指“吃；消耗”，故填consume。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该研究的资深作者说：“线虫恰好是这些蘑菇遇到的数量最多的动物。”根据空前 the most 可知，空处应填入形容词。根据句意，此处指“丰富的；充足的”，故填plentiful。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以我认为，从进化角度来看，这种跨王国的互动非常有趣。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“进化上”，故填evolutionarily。故选E。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：由遗传学家、生物化学家和生物学家组成的研究小组此前发现，蚝菇会释放一种未知的有毒物质，这种物质会在几分钟内以某种方式冷冻蠕虫，并导致一种化学元素流入它们的细胞，杀死它们。根据空前 will 可知，空处应填入动词原形。根据上文oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze 可知，蚝菇冷冻蠕虫，故此处指“冷冻”，故填freeze。故选G。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种机制不同于其他食肉蘑菇所使用的机制，可能是牡蛎蘑菇所独有的。根据空前 This 可知，空处应填入名词作主语。根据句意，此处指“机制”，故填mechanism。故选H。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们推断，杀死蠕虫的东西一定是一种不稳定的化合物，当受到干扰时会消失在空气中。根据空后 compound可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“不稳定的”，故填unstable。故选K。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：当他们再次破坏蚝菇组织并随后分析附近的空气时，他们最终发现了一种神经气体，这种气体原来包含在蘑菇表面的微小异形结构中。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“随后”，故填subsequently。故选J。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：当线虫接触蘑菇时，这些结构会释放气体，扰乱蠕虫的细胞壁，导致其静止不动和死亡。分析句子可知，空处应填入动词作谓语。根据句意，此处指“释放”，故填discharge。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这项研究之前，“我们低估了野生蘑菇抵御或消耗线虫的程度，”英国诺里奇塞恩斯伯里实验室的遗传学家尼克·塔尔博特指出。根据空前 the以及空后的to可知，空处应填入名词。根据句意，此处指“程度”，故填 extent。故选F。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他补充道，这项研究展示了“一种非常新颖的方法”。根据空前a very可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“新颖的”，故填novel。故选I。 （2024年黄浦区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. convincing B. disinformation C. hazards D. illogical E. maintain F. preview G. publicly H. racing I. response J. speed K. seemingly OpenAI Unveils A.I. that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping Videos Last April, a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos. The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing. But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly ___31___ videos sooner. Just 10 months later, OpenAI has revealed a similar system, Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie. OpenAI is among the many companies ___32___ to improve this kind of instant video generator. The technology could ___33___ the work of experienced moviemakers. It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online ___34___, making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet. In an interview, the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s ___35___. The intention here is to give a(n) ___36___ of what is likely to happen soon, so that people can see the capabilities of this technology. Like other generative A.I. technologies, OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data — in this case, videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain. OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from, except to say the training included both ___37___ available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders. The company says little about the data used to train its technologies, most likely because it wants to ___38___ an advantage over competitors. Sora generates videos in ___39___ to short descriptions. Though the videos can be impressive, they may include strange and ___40___ images. The system, for example, recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie — but the cookie never got any smaller. 【答案】31. A 32. H 33. J 34. B 35. C 36. F 37. G 38. E 39. I 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了OpenAI推出即时生成令人瞠目结舌视频的人工智能，这项技术可以加快经验丰富的电影制作人的工作速度。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但它们清楚地表明，人工智能技术将更快地制作出越来越有说服力的视频。根据“Just 10 months later, OpenAI has revealed a similar system, Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.(仅仅10个月后，OpenAI就发布了一个类似的系统Sora，它可以制作看起来像是从好莱坞电影中摘取的视频)”以及句意“有说服力的”可知应填形容词convincing，作定语修饰名词videos。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：OpenAI是众多竞相改进这种即时视频生成器的公司之一。根据“to improve this kind of instant video generator”以及句意“竞相”可知应填现在分词racing，作定语修饰名词companies。故选H。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：这项技术可以加快经验丰富的电影制作人的工作速度。根据“It could also become a quick and inexpensive way”以及句意“加快”可知应填动词speed，且could后跟动词原形。故选J。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：它还可能成为一种快速而廉价的制造网络虚假信息的方式，使人们更难在互联网上分辨什么是真实的。根据“making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet”以及句意“虚假信息”可知应填名词disinformation，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：在一次采访中，该技术背后的团队表示，该公司尚未向公众发布Sora，因为它仍在努力了解该系统的危害。根据“making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet”以及句意“危害”可知应填复数名词hazards，作宾语。故选C。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：这里的目的是对可能很快发生的事情进行预览，以便人们可以看到这项技术的功能。根据“so that people can see the capabilities of this technology”以及句意“预览”可知应填名词preview，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选F。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：OpenAI拒绝透露该系统从多少视频中学习，也不愿透露这些视频来自哪里，只是说培训包括公开可用的视频和从版权所有者那里获得许可的视频。根据“available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders”以及句意“公开”可知应填副词publicly，修饰形容词available。故选G。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：该公司很少提及用于培训其技术的数据，很可能是因为它希望保持对竞争对手的优势。根据“an advantage over competitors”以及句意“保持”可知应填动词maintain，为不定式作宾语。故选E。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：Sora根据简短的描述生成视频。根据“”以及句意“根据”可知应填名词response，作宾语。故选I。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然这些视频可能令人印象深刻，但它们可能包含奇怪和不合逻辑的图像。根据“strange”以及句意“不合逻辑的”可知应填形容词illogical，修饰名词images。故选D。 （2024年嘉定区二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. conserve B. wrinkly C. stationary D. exceptional E. oddities F. nursing G. timely H. sounding I. generalize J. comprise K. rules The Curious World of Bats Not all bats are unbelievably adorable, like the one below. Many of them have ____31____ faces and large ears that help them “see” in the dark, using echo location (回声定位). But all bats are, without a doubt, ____32____ creatures. Scientists are typically reluctant to ____33____ about bats because they make up such a large and diverse group of winged animals. With nearly 1, 500 species, bats ____34____ about one-fifth of all mammal (哺乳动物) species on Earth. But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are, in not- so-scientific terms, very odd. “They break all the ____35____,” said Cori Lausen, a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada. Being able to fly is just one of their ____36____, since mammals rarely fly. Apart from that, bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows-as slow as one beat per minute. Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep, known as “torpor”, for a few hours a day or even for weeks to ____37____ energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable. And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies, some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year. For how much energy they need, it’s also surprising that many bat species, including most of those in the US, rely on insects alone for food. They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them. A mom that is ____38____ a baby can catch more than 4,000 insects in one night. Oddly although bats can fly, they can’t easily take off from a(n) ____39____ position, like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling. “For them, it’s not upside down,” Frick said. “It’s flight-side ready!” While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals, scientists are ____40____ the alarm. In North America, more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline. Climate change, they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction. 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. I 34. J 35. K 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. C 40. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是地球上的一种特殊的哺乳类动物——蝙蝠。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们中的许多人有皱纹的脸和大耳朵，帮助它们利用回声定位在黑暗中“看”。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词，根据常识和句意可知，蝙蝠有着“有皱纹的”脸，所以此处使用wrinkly。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但毫无疑问，所有蝙蝠都是特殊的生物。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词creatures，根据句意可知，此处表示“特殊的”符合语境。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：科学家们通常不愿意对蝙蝠进行概括，因为它们构成了一个庞大而多样的有翼动物群体。分析句子结构可知，此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形，根据句意以及下文中的“because they make up such a large and diverse group of winged animals.”可知，此处表示科学家不愿意对蝙蝠进行“概括”符合语境。故选I项。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：蝙蝠有近1500种，约占地球上所有哺乳动物种类的五分之一。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“组成”应为comprise符合句意，且讲述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语bats为名词复数，所以此处使用动词原形comprise。故选J项。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：“它们打破了所有的规则，”环保组织加拿大野生动物保护协会的蝙蝠专家科里·劳森说。分析句子结构可知，空前有all修饰，所以此处应为名词复数，作break的宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“规则”符合语境，所以此处使用rules。故选K项。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：会飞只是它们的一个奇特之处，因为哺乳动物很少会飞。根据“one of+名词复数”，意为“……之一”可知，此处应为名词复数，结合句意以及下文中的“since mammals rarely fly”可知，此处表示“古怪的事”应为oddities符合语境。故选E项。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：许多种类的蝙蝠可以进入一段时间的深度睡眠，被称为“麻木”，每天几个小时甚至几个星期来保存能量。分析句子结构可知，空前为动词不定式符号to，所以此处使用动词原形，根据句意可知，此处表示“保存”应为conserve符合语境。故选A项。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：一个哺乳婴儿的母亲一晚上可以捕捉4000多只昆虫。分析句子结构可知，此空与is构成句子的谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“哺育”应为nurse符合语境，主语动词之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时态。故选F项。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奇怪的是，虽然蝙蝠会飞，但它们不能像大多数鸟类和昆虫那样轻易地从静止的位置起飞。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词position，根据句意以及下文中的“That’s one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.”可知，它们倒挂的原因是为起飞获得动力，所以此处表示“静止的”应为stationary符合语境。故选C项。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然与鸟类和其他哺乳动物相比，对蝙蝠研究还很不充分，但科学家们已经敲响了警钟。分析句子结构可知，此空与are构成句子的谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“拉响警报”为sound符合语境，sound与句子主语scientists之间为主动关系，所以此处应为现在分词形式sounding与are构成现在进行时。故选H项。 01. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． live B．adapted C． perspective D．maximize E. costumes F. inject G. credited H. directorial I. publicity J. prospect K. integrated Young Chinese opera director broadens traditional art form “Chinese opera art is like a huge sponge, constantly absorbing, transforming, merging and flourishing,” says traditional Chinese opera director Li Zhuoqun, who is ____31____with creating a market for traditional opera shows in small theaters across China. Performed in 2013, Li Zhuoqun’s first ____32____work “Death Do Us Part” is a story ____33____from the 14th-century Chinese classic novel “Water Margin”. Li, a graduate of the National Academy of Chinese Theater Arts, says that performing this classic piece for today’s audience is an experiment and a challenge. “We decided to shorten the divorce scene that lasted four or five days in order to ____34____ the effect of our vocals and dramatic performances. We also invited modern dancers to work with us. We ____35____the performance methods of traditional opera with the rhythm of modem dance.” Li defines her team as “small, deep, refined and broad”. She explained, “‘Small’ in its size, volume and ____36____. ‘Deep’ refers to our performance and the depth of the script. ‘Refined’ refers to the production of the ____37____ makeup, props, sound and light. ‘Broad’ refers to its ____38____ and operation.” “We target all ages and a wider audience.” To Li, traditional opera is “the art of regret” due to the unique charm of ____39____ performances. She aims to allow the audience to enjoy every minute of the show and draw more people to the theater. Li said, “We hope to find a possibility for small theater opera to make a breakthrough in terms of the market and target audience. With the development of aesthetics (审美) and society, our generation needs to _____40_____a wider and more varied artistic vocabulary into traditional opera. Yet it should still develop on the basis of maintaining the characteristics of traditional opera.” 【答案】 31． G 32．H 33．B 34．D 35．K 36．C 37．E 38．I 39．A 40．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国戏曲青年导演拓宽了传统艺术形式。 31．考查动词。句意：“中国戏曲艺术就像一块巨大的海绵，不断地吸收、改造、融合和繁荣，”中国传统戏曲导演李卓群说，他被认为为中国各地的小剧场创造了传统戏曲表演市场。根据句意可知，此处表示“被认为”，credited符合句意，与空前is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选G。 32．考查形容词。句意：2013年，李卓群导演的第一部作品《至死不渝》上映，故事改编自14世纪中国经典小说《水浒传》。根据句意可知，此处表示“导演的”，directorial符合句意，修饰名词work，作定语。故选H。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：2013年，李卓群导演的第一部作品《至死不渝》上映，故事改编自14世纪中国经典小说《水浒传》。根据句意可知，此处表示“改编”，adapted符合句意，属于过去分词，作后置定语。故选B。 34．考查动词。句意：为了最大限度地发挥我们的声音和戏剧效果，我们决定缩短4、5天的离婚场面。根据句意可知，此处表示“使增加到最大限度”，maximize符合句意，固定搭配in order to do sth.，空处使用动词原形。故选D。 35．考查动词。句意：我们将传统戏曲的表演方法与现代舞的节奏相结合。根据句意可知，此处表示“（使）合并，成为一体”，integrated符合句意，此处是一般过去时。故选K。 36．考查名词。句意：“小”是指它的大小、体积和视角。根据句意可知，此处表示“视角”，perspective符合句意。故选C。 37．考查名词。句意：“精致”指的是服装、化妆、道具、声光的制作。根据句意可知，此处表示“服装”，costumes符合句意。故选E。 38．考查名词。句意：“广”指的是宣传和经营。根据句意可知，此处表示“宣传”，publicity符合句意。故选I。 39．考查形容词。句意：对李来说，由于现场表演的独特魅力，传统戏曲是“遗憾的艺术”。根据句意可知，此处表示“现场的”，live符合句意，修饰名词performances，作定语。故选A。 40．考查动词。句意：随着审美和社会的发展，我们这代人需要为传统戏曲注入更广泛、更丰富的艺术词汇。根据句意可知，此处表示“注入”，inject符合句意，固定搭配need to do，空处使用动词原形。故选F。 02.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． experiencing B．loss   C． respond D．pressing E. determine F. classify G. senses    H. strictly I. processing J. distinguish K.upset There’s no doubt that dogs are incredibly perceptive and sensitive beings, with the ability to sense emotions and read the facial expressions of humans. The American Kennel Club (AKC) says previous studies have shown dogs combine hearing and sight to ____31____ to happy and angry human faces with happy and angry vocalizations (发声).Researchers have found that dogs can ____32____ the positive sound of laughing from the negative sound of crying. The dogs were found to be more ____33____ and stimulated by the negative sounds than positive ones. A 2018 study published in Scientific Report showed that dogs can ____34____ human emotions using only their ears. They use the right side of their brain for ____35____ negative emotions and the left side for positive ones. A 2016 study published in The Royal Society’s Biology Letters showed dogs can recognize emotions in humans using information from different ____36____, which the study said is an ability that had never previously been observed outside of humans. Speaking to Newsweek, the AKC’s chief veterinary officer, Dr. Jerry Klein, explained dogs can certainly become depressed and anxious. There have been reports of dogs ____37____ depression and loneliness following the ____38____ of an owner or a “fellow member” of their pack, as well as a change from their normal routine, Klein explained. “But whether or not dogs get ‘sad’ is a little less certain,” Klein told Newsweek. Klein said from a ____39____ scientific standpoint, there isn’t “strong evidence” that dogs feel what people would ____40____ as sadness. “Dogs live more in the moment and don’t have the ‘self-consciousness’ or the tendency to inwardly ponder like people do.” 【答案】 31．C 32．J 33．K 34．E 35．I 36．G 37．A 38．B 39．H 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述狗将听觉和视觉结合在一起，用快乐和愤怒的叫声来回应人类的快乐和愤怒表情。 31．考查动词。句意：美国养犬俱乐部（AKC）表示，先前的研究表明，狗将听觉和视觉结合在一起，用快乐和愤怒的叫声来回应人类的快乐和愤怒表情。分析句子可知，空格处应填动词原形，和前面to构成不定式作目的状语，respond表“回应”，为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 32．考查动词。句意：研究人员发现，狗可以区分笑的积极声音和哭的消极声音。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词且用原形， distinguish 表“区分”，为动词，distinguish... from表“区分……与”，符合句意。故选J项。 33．考查形容词。句意：研究发现，负面声音比正面声音更让狗感到不安和刺激。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词和后面stimulated为并列关系，upset表“烦躁的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 34．考查动词。句意：2018年发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，狗只能用耳朵来判断人类的情绪。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词且用原形，determine表“判定”，为动词，符合句意。故选E项。 35．考查动词。句意：他们用大脑的右侧处理消极情绪，用左侧处理积极情绪。分析句子可知，介词for后面应用动名词， process表“处理”，为动词，而动名词形式processing在这里作介词后宾语，符合句意。故选I项。 36．考查名词。句意：2016年发表在《英国皇家学会生物学快报》上的一项研究表明，狗可以利用来自不同感官的信息识别人类的情绪，该研究称，这种能力以前从未在人类之外观察到。分析句子可知，此空应填名词， sense表“感官”，为可数名词，而different后面，应用复数形式senses，符合句意。故选G项。 37．考查动词。句意：克莱恩解释道，有报道称，狗在失去主人或“同伴”后，会感到抑郁和孤独，并改变了正常的生活习惯。分析句子可知，此空应填后置定语，修饰前面名词dogs， experiencing表“经历”，为现在分词结构形式，在这里作定语，符合句意。故选A项。 38．考查名词。句意：克莱恩解释道，有报道称，狗在失去主人或“同伴”后，会感到抑郁和孤独，并改变了正常的生活习惯。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，loss表“损失”，为名词，在这里作宾语，符合句意。故选B项。 39．考查副词。句意：克莱恩说，从严格的科学角度来看，没有“强有力的证据”表明狗会感觉到人们所说的悲伤。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰后面形容词scientific ，strictly表“严格地”，为副词，在本句中作状语，符合句意。故选H项。 40．考查动词。句意：克莱恩说，从严格的科学角度来看，没有“强有力的证据”表明狗会感觉到人们所说的悲伤。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词且用原形，classify表“将……分类”，为动词，符合句意。故选F项。 （2020上海春考） A. focused B. collaborating C. assumed D. occupations E. frustrations F. widespread G. necessarily H. extension I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially Burnout in the Hospital：Why Doctors Are Set Up for Stress Some experts call physician bum out “inevitable”, given the high-pressure environment in which they must make potentially life-saving, and almost always life-altering, choices on a constant basis. Research shows that up to 40% of U. S. doctors experience emotional, physical, and psychological burnout from their jobs, and the consequences are no different for them than they are for people in other (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting comers. In the premiere issue of the journal Burnout Research, which is devoted to research on the topic, Anthony Montgomery, an associate professor in the Psychology of Work and Organizations in the University of Macedonia in Greece, (32) _________ on physician burnout, and argues that the way doctors are trained may set them up for a career of (33)_________ and high-stress situations. And the consequences may be hurting the care they provide patients. He says that while doctors interact with people on a daily basis, their training and their worth as physicians are focused almost entirely on their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tools for understanding and navigating social interactions and for (34) _________ as part of a larger team or organization. Montgomery argues that most medical students are chosen because of their high-test scores, so medical school becomes like a(n) (35) _________ of school. They then become residents, thrown into a more social environment in which they are expected to interact with patients, hospital staff and colleagues in ways they may not have expected to or been prepared to do. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the proper emotional capacity to guide patients through extremely stressful and often traumatic (37) _________, but not having the tools to manage these situations can be stressful on the doctors themselves. While burnout among physicians is (38) _________, some studies have shown surgeons and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk. “The irony is that doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to make (39) _________,” says Montgomery. “Doctors understand that their job is to be the best doctor they can, but they do not (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hospital as a whole better serve the community.” In his practice, for example, Montgomery says that his colleagues admitted to learning skills like communication and teamwork on the job, after they left medical school. 【答案】31—40 DAEBHCIFJG 详解如下： 31. D【句意】研究表明，多达40%的美国医生都经历过工作带来的情绪、身体和心理上的疲劳，其后果对他们来说与从事其他职业的人没有什么不同——滥用药物和偷工减料。 【解析】本空所在位置，in 为介词，other为形容词修饰名词，因此本空填名词。根据句意可知，医生这种职业跟其他职业相比，工作疲劳带来的后果没什么不同，故选occupations（职业）。 32. A 【句意】希腊马其顿大学(University of Macedonia)工作与组织心理学副教授安东尼•蒙哥马利(Anthony Montgomery) ,主要研究医生的职业疲劳。 【解析】本句中第2个和第3个逗号之间为插入成分介绍了Montgomery教授的职业和职位；本句第3个和第4个逗号之间同样为插入成分说明Montgomery教授的研究方向就是工作疲劳，结合空后介词on，可知本空用focused。focus on sth主攻某领域；专注于某事；对焦于某物。 33. E 【句意】安东尼•蒙哥马利认为，医生的培训方式可能会使他们的职业生涯充满挫折和高压力。其结果可能会损害他们为病人提供的护理。 【解析】本空在the career of 后面需要填名词，而且空后并列连词and后为high-stress，因此推测本空为同类名词，故选frustrations。frustration沮丧；懊恼；令人沮丧的事物。 34. B 【句意】他说，虽然医生每天都与人互动，但他们的培训和作为医生的价值几乎完全集中在他们的技术能力上，使得他们很少有工具来理解并恰当地参与社会互动（交往），以及作为更大的团队或组织的一部分进行合作。 【解析】根据空前后social interactions与as part of a larger team or organization可知，本空词义为“合作”“参与”等近义词。介词for后面接名词或者动名词，所以用合作collaborating。 35. H 【句意】蒙哥马利认为，大多数医学院学生被选中是因为他们考试成绩高，所以医学院就像是学校的延伸。 【解析】根据空前后students are chosen because of their high-test scores与so medical school becomes like... school可知，医学院择高分者录取，又因为of前面需要名词，因此医学院就像是学校的一种延伸extension。 36. C 【句意】假设他们有领导技能和适当的情感能力来引导病人度过极度紧张、往往很惨痛经的经历，但没有工具来管理这些情况可能会给医生自己带来压力。 【解析】根据本空后面是完整的句子，空前是 it is可知，本空为可接从句的过去分词，结合句意选assumed（假设），在正式英语中，常用it is assumed that 表示假定某事属实。 37. I 【句意】假设他们有领导技能和适当的情感能力来引导病人度过极度紧张、往往很惨痛的经历，但没有工具来管理这些情况可能会给医生自己带来压力。 【解析】本空单词在often后面且修饰experiences，所以应该是形容词，又因为and前面是extremely stressful，所以应该是extremely stressful的同类词，故用traumatic（痛苦的；极不愉快的）。 38. F 【句意】虽然职业疲劳在内科医生中很普遍，但一些研究表明外科医生和妇产科医生的患病风险也可能会特别高。 【解析】根据上下文，空后提到了职业疲劳在外科医生和妇产科医生中的风险也可能会特别高，While表对比，所以本空所在分句，要说明职业疲劳在内科医生中的发生率或风险高，is后面要加形容词，所以用widespread（普遍的）。 39. J 【句意】蒙哥马利说:“具有讽刺意味的是，医生是我们不希望受到压力的一类人，但我们却增加了他们犯错的可能性。” 【解析】根据上下文，空前doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to...可知，我们不想给医生增加压力（因为常识告诉我们重压之下容易出错），但是我们缺无形中增加了医生犯错误几率，此处指职业疲劳增加了医生犯错的几率，空前有make所以选mistakes。make mistake 犯错。 40. G 【句意】医生明白，他们的工作是尽其所能成为最好的医生，但他们不一定明白自己在帮助整个医院更好地为社会服务方面所起的作用。 【解析】根据上下文，but前面说医生能够理解哪些内容，but前后对比，本空所在句应该说医生不理解哪些内容，故选necessarily，do not necessarily understand不一定理解。 （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. F 【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern（模式），故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive（重复性的），故选A。。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situations change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用continually，故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用network（组建网络），故选H。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evolving（进化的），故选I。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用locate（定位），故选E。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：Drayton说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的挑战，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选literacy（读写能力），故选K。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Ashoka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental，故选F。 （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture. Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength. 【答案】31-40: DBFKH ECAGI 【解析】 31.D。【解析】根据句意:当涉及到建筑既雄伟又坚固的建筑，经典的欧洲城堡是设计的顶峰。imposing壮观的;令人印象深刻的，作表语修饰定语从句中的主语，构成主系表结构。 32.B。【解析】根据句意:他们仍然指挥着我们文化的魅力可知，应为fascination 魅力;吸引力。 33.F。【解析】根据句子结构可知，应填副词修饰 built。句意;城堡最初是诺曼入侵者于1066年在英国建造的。 34.K。【解析】as 引导的非限制性定语从句中缺少谓语动词。sweep through 横扫。 35.H。【解析】介词后加名词。根据句意他们受到了英国叛乱的威胁。 rebellion造反，叛乱。 36.E。【解析】and链接两个形容词修饰roles。offensive攻击的，冒犯的。 37.C。【解析】and 连接两个并列的动词，所以要用一般过去时。根据句意是他们管理的土地。 38.A。【解析】动词并列表示一系列连贯的动作，前后时态一致。address disputes地址纠纷。 39.G。【解析】考查伴随状语，主句句子完整，前为对主句句子的补充说明，不应构成句子，所以用 v-ing。 40.1。【解析】固定搭配，reminder of提醒。 （2017上海春考） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all. When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless. While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way. “Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?” But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end. Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on. Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said. It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5. “We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n)____40_____ , and so do password cracker.” 【答案】CDFEB IGAKJ 【解析】 31.C.【解析】commonly 副词修饰形容词 An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most commonly used which of course means they are not secure at all.句意:分析发现他们是最常使用的密码之一，这意味着它们根本不安全。 32.D。【解析】confirm 证实 When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet. Thew appeared to confirm that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful even if in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.当一千万个密码被泄露到互联网上时，他们似乎证实了网络安全专家试图让我们提高密码强度的尝试是成功的，即伸在露密码的且体情况下，它们也是完全没有意义的。 33.F。【解析】crack 使破裂，打开。While many of the passwords were still single words, such as "password", there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to crack.虽然许多密码仍然是单一的词，例如“密码”，但许多密码也有一个明确的让他们更难以破解的企图。 34.E。【解析】be conscious of有意识的。“Users are becoming slightly more conscious of what makes a password strong,”explained WP Engine an internet company that performed the analysis“用户越来越意识到什么使密码变得强大，”解释了一个进行分析的互联网公司的WP引擎。 35.B。【解析】actually 事实上 But actually no.They found that almost half a million passwords did this-and in 20 percent of those all people did was put the number“1”at the end.但实际上没有。他们发现将近一半的密码做到了这一切，20%的人都把数字“1”放在了最后。 36.1。 解析logon登录 Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use-passwords texted to it each time they want to logon雅虎可以让客户选择将手机和账户链接到一起，并且每次登录时都会发短信给用户一个单独的密码。 37.G。【解析】eliminate消除Although the services is voluntary,Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!,said that it was “the first step to eliminate passwords”虽然服务是自愿的，但是雅虎的高管Dylan Casey说那是消除密码的第一步。 38.A。【解析】acknowledgement 承认 He said it was a(n) acknowledgement that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had他说这是对人们越来越难以记住答案的承认。 39.K。【解析】unimaginative无法想象的“We are,for the most part predictably unimaginative when it comes to choosing passwords despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,”said WP Engine.WP引擎说:“尽管在注册过程中密码强度检查器发出了10年的警告，但在选择密码时，但我们大多数在选择密码方面是不可想象的。" 40.J。【解析】shortcut 捷径“We love taking a(n)shortcut,and so do password crackers.我们喜欢采取快捷的方式，所以在做密码破解的时候也是一样。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$