Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元测试B卷(含听力） (1)-高中英语必修1（人教版2019）

Unit 4 单元测试卷B （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Where goats live. B．What goats feed on. C．Why goats can stop wildfires. 2．What is the woman writing about in her report? A．A forest fire. B．A terrible rainstorm. C．Some lovely pet animals. 3．Where have forest fires now broken out? A．In New South Wales. B．In Victoria. C．In Tasmania. 4．What does the man probably want to do next? A．Leave for the woman’s house. B．Buy extra grocery items. C．Watch a news report. 5．What was the woman doing when the earthquake happened? A．She was washing her hair. B．She was feeding the dog. C．She was cleaning the bathroom. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．When did the disaster happen? A．This morning. B．Last night. C．Two days ago. 7．Why can’t the woman reach her parents? A．The line is busy. B．The power failure in that area. C．Her parents are sleeping. 8．Where is the man from? A．Houston. B．New York. C．Los Angeles. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 9．What is the man doing? A．Watching TV. B．Reading the newspaper. C．Surfing the Internet. 10．How many people were killed by the storm in Madagascar? A．19. B．48. C．130. 11．What is the problem in Malawi? A．Food can’t be sent to the affected areas. B．Storm Batsirai is hitting the country. C．No effort was made to help it. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 12．When did the earthquake happen? A．On Wednesday night. B．On Thursday morning. C．On Thursday afternoon. 13．What damage did the earthquake cause? A．Forty people lost their lives. B．At least 110 people were injured. C．A railway was nearly destroyed. 14．What will the man do next? A．Help the victims. B．Tell some survival skills. C．Check the highways. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 15．How high was the Seine River in 1910? A．Around 5 feet high. B．Around 28 feet high. C．Around 20 feet high. 16．What had to get moved to higher floors? A．Artworks. B．Many residents. C．Power equipment. 17．What does the woman want to see the most? A．The Louvre. B．The Eiffel Tower. C．The Musée d’Orsay. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．What can we learn from the news? A．No villager was killed. B．15 houses were badly damaged. C．Over 200 people were made homeless. 19．How many people were badly injured in the storm? A．Seven. B．Nine. C．Ten. 20．What do we know about the farmer? A．His house was destroyed. B．His wife was missing. C．One of his children was killed. 第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four of the World’s Natural Disasters The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By flood, typhoon, or earthquake, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives. Yangtze River Flood The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated (估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. Typhoon Nina Typhoon Nina struck Henan province of China in August 1975. The typhoon caused a serious dam (水坝) failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine (饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000. Kashmir Earthquake On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks, landslides, and falling rocks. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor construction (建筑) in the affected areas. In Kashmir at least 79,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings broke down. Haitian Earthquake At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. Another aftershock of magnitude 5.9 struck on January 20. There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000-300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes. 21．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths? A．Yangtze River Flood. B．Typhoon Nina. C．Kashmir Earthquake. D．Haitian Earthquake. 22．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious? A．The serious aftershocks. B．The diseases after earthquake. C．The continuous falling rocks. D．The low construction quality. 23．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti? A．It had many secondary disasters. B．It happened in the hottest season. C．It had a debatable death number. D．It happened only once and for all. B The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 2,000 acres (英亩) of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans. Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009. The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year. The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said. Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.” 24．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers. B．The world’s cotton distribution. C．USDA’s measures to address drought. D．The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009. 25．What does Hudson stress in paragraph 4? A．Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers. B．Cotton is vital to the American economy. C．Farmers depend much on Mother Nature. D．Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses. 26．What will cotton farmers most likely do next? A．Build effective irrigation systems. B．Apply for federal crop insurance. C．Switch to growing a different crop. D．Use further improved cotton seeds. 27．What can be the best title for the text? A．Drought pushes cotton prices to a new high. B．The world’s cotton supply keeps falling. C．Texas cotton takes a hit during drought. D．Drought impacts the quality of cotton. C On November 8th, a tornado, the most powerful in the past 70 years, hit Jersey, causing great damages to the area and leaving the residents in great panic. “Suddenly, the windows of the waiting room exploded in and dragged everything inside. My cars have been completely destroyed by branches and fences, and my garden is completely gone. There’s no furniture, no fence; everything has been thrown everywhere. At first there was lightning but then a strange noise and strange darkness came over the whole house. It was like being in a scary scene in the movie The Wizard of Oz,” Ashleigh Quail-Charleston, a Jersey resident, told the Bailiwick Express after the tornado that struck overnight on November 1—2 during Storm Ciaran. The consequence looked like a bomb had gone off: cars hit, roofs with holes, windows broken. “A huge tree leans drunkenly against a block of flats. Piles of branches are piled optionally and pavements are covered with pieces,” said Chris Stone at BBC Radio Jersey. The tornado was powerful and exceptionally rare, caused by a severe thunderstorm that had sent out intense lightning and huge hailstones described as “ice bombs”. The Tornado and Storm Research Organization (Torro) and Jersey Met Office revealed the tornado left a trail of damages 8 km long across the island, and rated its intensity as T6 on an international scale of tornado power. According to Torro records, this was the most powerful tornado to strike anywhere in the British Isles or Channel Islands since December 7th, 1954 when a tornado struck west London, leaving tremendous devastation, with Gunnersbury railway station torn apart, roofs torn off houses and one car even thrown through the air. Tornados during Storm Ciaran also hit Sompting in West Sussex and Loders in Dorset. One resident in Loders, Sophie van Hensbergen, described the moment, saying, “The tornado struck with a very, very powerful whistling sound and the windows looked as though we were in a car wash.” 28．Why is The Wizard of Oz mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To summarize the consequence. B．To introduce the topic. C．To enrich the readers’ knowledge. D．To help describe the tornado. 29．What does paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How tornado was rated. B．What caused the tornado. C．How severe the tornado was. D．What should be done to prevent the tornado. 30．What does the underlined word “devastation” mean in paragraph 4? A．Marks. B．Damages. C．Memory. D．Impression. 31．What is this text? A．A news item. B．A science report. C．A movie reviewer. D．A weather forcast. D After a month of fires that gave off record-breaking amounts of polluting gas, smoke from Siberian wildfires is now making its way to the west coast of the United States. The New York Times’ Somini Sengupta reports that Arctic wildfires in June 2020 caused more pollution than the data (数据) that had been collected in the previous 18 years. Seasonal wildfires are common in Siberia, but this year’s fires are unusually widespread in part because of a climate change-driven heatwave. The Arctic is experiencing climate change-driven warming faster than the rest of the earth, which sets up the dry conditions that make fires spread. “I was surprised to see a fire burning 10 kilometers south of a bay of the Laptev Sea, which is like, the sea ice factory of the world,” said fire researcher Jessica McCarty from Miami University in Ohio. “When I went into fire science as an undergraduate student, if someone had told me I’d be studying fire regimes (管强体制) in Greenland and the Arctic, I would have laughed at them.” This June’s Arctic fires beat the pollution record set in 2019, said Mark Parrington, who works with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service tracking worldwide wildfires. Some of the fires may have spent the winter months smoldering (闷燃) only to grow again in warmer weather. And the weather has certainly gotten warmer. In June, a Russian town above the Arctic circle called Verkhoyansk hit a high temperature of 100,4 degrees Fahrenheit. The current situation in the Arctic circle shows that previous predictions (预测) “underestimate what is going on in reality,” earth scientist Vladmir Romanovsky sold. He added that temperature observation in the High Arctic made in the last 15 years weren’t expected for another seventy years. Millions of acres of land are on fire this wildfire season. Most of the wildfires are located in Siberia’s Sakha Republic, which sees wildfires frequently, but fires are also spreading further north and into unusual ecosystems, like those that are characterized by permafrost (永冻土). 32．What made 2020 Arctic wildfires extremely widespread? A．The warmer climate. B．Stronger seasonal winds. C．More fires caused by humans. D．Humans’ poorer control of them. 33．What did Jessica McCarty want to say in paragraph 3? A．She used to laugh at those who studied the Arctic. B．She had decided to be a firefighter in Greenland. C．She used to think fires rarely happened in the Arctic. D．She had shown little interest in studying fire science. 34．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The Arctic fires may go out in winter. B．2020 Arctic fires may be related to those in 2019. C．The pollution record in the Arctic is broken each year. D．2020 Arctic fires affected temperatures across Russia. 35．What can the underlined word “underestimate” in paragraph 5 be best replaced by? A．Refer to. B．Focus on. C．Judge incorrectly D．Ignore completely. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A flood can develop slowly, over time or rapidly, as in the case of flash floods which can develop in just a few minutes and without signs of rain. 36 This is the first thing that a person should do. It is unwise to just depend on history to decide whether your area is at risk of flooding. Create an evacuation plan in case you have to evacuate your home. Pay attention to the safe areas you can go to. Prepare food kits for natural disasters that you can easily take with you if you have to leave your house. 37 If there is a possibility of a flash flood, leave your home and move to higher ground at once. Do not wait for instructions to move. Evacuation may also cause a shortage in the food supply. 38 To survive, one must depend on food storage. While evacuating, avoid walking through moving water. Even six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. 39 Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon (舍弃) the car and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few inches deep. 40 If your car is trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the car. If the water is rising inside the car, move on to the roof (顶部). A．They don’t know where to look for shelter. B．You and the car can be swept away quickly. C．Use a stick to check the ground in front of you. D．Be aware if the area you’re at is at risk of a flood. E．There is no telling when another flood may happen. F．It would help to store food for emergency situations. G．During these conditions, hunger becomes a very real problem. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On December 26, 2004, a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean. This earthquake, which is the third 41 ever recorded in history, caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 42 . About 230,000 people were 43 by the disaster. Hundreds of thousands of others were injured 44 disappeared. One of them is a little 45 named Wati. The tsunami 46 her hometown of Aceh when she was only 3 years old. Like so many others, the huge waves separated her from her family, and she was 47 to an unknown town. After days of 48 , her family eventually gave up and thought she had 49 . However, Wati had been 50 by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami. The stranger had tried to find her family, but Wati could not 51 the names of her parents and only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham. 52 later, a taxi driver who heard Wati’s story happened to know an old man with that name in a nearby town and decided to take her to him. Although the old man did not 53 her at first, he took Wati to see his 54 . “When I saw my mother, I knew it was her,” said the 15-year-old Wati. “I just knew.” The parents recognized their daughter 55 because of the birthmark on the body. 41．A．weakest B．strongest C．quickest D．deepest 42．A．castles B．parks C．goals D．shores 43．A．frightened B．saved C．killed D．helped 44．A．or B．and C．but D．so 45．A．boy B．pet C．girl D．town 46．A．hit B．cut C．pushed D．missed 47．A．sold B．washed(冲走) C．invited D．asked 48．A．wait B．walk C．fight D．search 49．A．died B．won C．run away D．checked in 50．A．hidden B．rescued C．bought D．refused 51．A．write B．show C．remember D．see 52．A．Days B．Weeks C．Months D．Years 53．A．know B．recognize C．want D．understand 54．A．daughter B．mother C．son D．father 55．A．anxiously B．calmly C．officially D．immediately 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, the world 56 (see) a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U.S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons (季风雨) in southern Asia. These 57 (event) brought damage to communities. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare 58 (we) for similar events. The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. However, it’s possible to 59 (catch) by an unexpected emergency. When 60 (face) with those situations, what should you do to stay safe? How can you be better prepared? Every family should have an emergency plan 61 addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical 62 (survive) skills should also be part of every family’s plan. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard. This is because you 63 (simple) won’t have time to read a survival book during 64 emergency. 65 (stay) calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency. A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反应) to a frightening event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done. 第四部分　写作(满分40分) 第一节、书信写作 66．假定你是李华，你在美国友好学校交流期间认识的朋友Smith因为家乡遭遇了飓风，心情低落。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，要点包括： 1. 表示关心; 2. 介绍同学们可以提供给灾区的帮助; 3. 鼓励他振作起来重建家园 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe. By mid-day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school. Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non-stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power? A plan was definitely needed. Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn’t a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry , and no one complained. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 【原文】W: Farmers in California use goats to stop wildfires. Goats have long necks. They can eat leaves which are two meters high. M: Yeah. Goats clear away bush that could become fuel for fires, and they eat a lot. One goat can eat about 5.5 kilograms of grass and leaves every day. 2．A 【原文】M: Hey, Mary. Have you heard about the forest fire in Australia? A large number of animals were killed. W: Yes. It’s so terrible. I’m writing a report on it. M: Really? I’ll read it as soon as it comes out. 3．C 【原文】W: Hi, Jim, the newspaper says the forest fires in the states of New South Wales and Victoria have finally been stopped. M: But fires have now broken out in the forests in the north of Tasmania. 4．B 【原文】W: According to the news, a dangerous storm will hit the North Atlantic Coast. You have enough supplies, right? M: I heard. Unfortunately, you live by the ocean. I have some rice and meat, but I’d better bring home some more! 5．A 【详解】M: Mrs. King, when did you first know about the earthquake? W: Well, my husband felt it first. He was feeding the dog. He picked up the dog and ran into the bathroom where I was washing my hair. 6．B 7．B 8．C 【原文】M: Hi, Linda. You look anxious. What’s going on? W: Oh, I am worried about my parents in New York. You know? There was a terrible storm there last night. M: Take it easy. I’m sure your parents are fine. W: How can you be so sure? I saw many scary images on TV — broken windows, flooded streets and floating furniture! M: I know, but nothing serious is reported to have happened so far. W: But I haven’t been able to reach them because of a sudden power failure in that area! M: Calm down. Last year, Houston also had a terrible storm,and my home in Los Angeles was caught in a big earthquake. The government handled everything successfully, and nobody got hurt. W: Really? Oh, I feel much better now! Thank you so much. M: You’re welcome. 9．C 10．B 11．A 【原文】W: What are you doing, Mike? M: I’m reading some online news about the tropical storm Ana. It has brought huge floods to Malawi, and caused nearly 200,000 people to leave their homes. W: That’s very terrible. I hope nobody has got killed. M: Unfortunately, at least 19 people died in Malawi, and hundreds were hurt after more than a week of heavy rain. W: Is Malawi the only country hit by the storm? M: No. Madagascar and Mozambique have also been hit by it. In Madagascar, 48 people died, and 130,000 people were forced to leave their homes to shelters. W: I’m sure the countries need help now. M: You’re right. But heavy rain has stopped the government from transporting food to the affected areas, and it cut off Malawi’s main highway. What is worse, weather services in the area warned of storm Batsirai that is building in the Indian Ocean, and it may hit the countries in the coming days. W: That’s horrible. I really hope there’ll be no more such extreme weather events in the world. M: To prevent them from happening, we should do more for the environment. W: I agree. But how? 12．A 13．B 14．B 【原文】M: Anna, there was a strong earthquake in Japan. W: When did it take place? M: It happened near the northeast coast of Japan on Wednesday night. There was a tsunami warning, but it was lifted the next morning. No large waves appeared. W: I hope it hasn’t caused any deaths. M: Unfortunately, the quake killed four people and left at least 140 people injured. Also, a train carrying about 100 people went off the rails because of the quake. And two major highways are being carefully inspected before they can re-open. W: That’s very bad. So I think it’s necessary to know how to survive an earthquake. Do you know how to do that? M: Oh, I’ve read an article about it. Are you interested? W: Yes. I’m all ears. 15．B 16．A 17．C 【原文】M: I’m worried about our trip to Paris next week. W: Why? M: There has been heavy rain that has lifted the Seine River to about 20 feet, its highest level since 1982. It actually reached 28. 2 feet in 1910, if you can believe it.. you can believe it, It is normally only 5 feet high. Workers have said that the river won’t go back to its original level for another week or two. W: Do you think the ground beneath the Eiffel Tower is flooded? M: It is. I saw a photo of it. W: We won’t even be able to walk around and see the city! M: I think we can still walk around. We just have to bring rain boots so our feet don’t get wet or muddy. Many buildings don’t have power, and I read that staff at the Lou Museum had to move all the artworks to higher floors. It’s still closed to visitors. W: I hope we can at least see the Musée d’Orsay. That’s my favorite museum in the world. M: That’s closed, too. W: Oh no! 18．C 19．B 20．A 【原文】Back to the news. Last Friday a storm hit two villages destroying fourteen houses. Seventeen others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows. One person was killed, and nine were badly injured and taken to hospital. A number of other people received small injuries. Altogether over two hundred were left homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and lasted over an hour. He was in the kitchen with his wife and his children when they heard a loud noise. A few minutes later their house fell down on top of them. They managed to climb out but then he saw that one of his children was missing. He went back inside and found his child was safe but very frightened. A woman said that her husband had just left for work when she noticed that her house was shaking. She rushed outside immediately with her children. There was no time for her to take anything. A few minutes later, the roof came down. Soldiers went to the area to help the people in trouble. 21．A 22．D 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是世界上四次自然灾难的相关情况。 21．细节理解题。根据Yangtze River Flood 部分中的“Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated (估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. (包括国家海洋和大气管理局在内的政府机构估计，约有370万人在这场灾难中丧生。)”可知，在这次灾难中约有370万人丧生；根据Typhoon Nina部分中的“According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine (饥荒). (据报道，至少有26000人死于洪水。大约145,000人死于水污染和饥荒引起的疾病。)”可知，这次洪水造成26,000人死亡，因水污染和饥荒造成死亡人数达到145,000人；根据Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“In Kashmir at least 79,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings broke down. (在克什米尔，至少有7.9万人丧生，3.2万多栋建筑倒塌。)”可知，在这次地震中丧生的人数有79,000人；根据Haitian Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000-300,000 people died.(关于这次地震造成的死亡总人数一直存在争议，但估计约有20万至30万人死亡。)”可知，在这次地震中丧生人数估计有20万至30万人，综上信息可知，在以上四大自然灾难中，导致死亡人数最多的应是长江洪水，造成了370万人丧生。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据Kashmir Earthquake 部分中的“The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor construction (建筑) in the affected areas. (受灾地区糟糕的建筑使得破坏的严重性和死亡人数更加恶化。)”可知，在受灾区域糟糕的建筑使得破坏的严重性以及死亡人数更加恶化，由此可知，糟糕的建筑是使得克什米尔的情况更加糟糕。故选D项。 23．细节理解题。根据Haitian Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000-300,000 people died. (关于这次地震造成的死亡总人数一直存在争议，但估计约有20万至30万人死亡。)”可知，发生在海地的这次地震造成的死亡人数一直存在争议，所以，在这次地震中我们了解到的是死亡人数有争议。故选C项。 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了德克萨斯州高平原地区的棉花收成受到了极端高温和降雨不足的严重影响，干旱导致大部分棉农面临低产甚至放弃农作物的困境，这是自2009年以来最差的收成，造成了巨大的经济损失。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. (美国农业部USDA预测，由于干旱，美国农民在春季种植的作物中有40%以上将被放弃。这一点在德克萨斯州平坦干燥的地区表现得最为明显。美国农业部表示，德克萨斯州棉农可能会放弃近70%的春季种植。)”可知，本段的数据反映了干旱造成大量作物被放弃，尤其是德克萨斯州的棉花。由此可知，这些数据展示了极端天气对美国农民的影响。故选A项。 25．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments (在农民获得联邦农作物保险赔付后，棉花的损失可能使德克萨斯高平原地区损失12亿美元)”和“That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said. (这不包括其他依赖棉花生产的企业，比如轧棉机和棉花仓库。Hudson说：“任何时候棉花收成不好，都会对整体经济产生影响。”)”可知，Hudson表示仅棉花本身造成的经济损失就非常大，而且这会影响其他相关产业，以及整体经济。由此可知，他在强调棉花对美国经济至关重要。故选B项。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. (幸运的是，德克萨斯州这一地区的大多数棉农计划使用抗旱的棉花种子品种。品种不断发展，如果干旱情况继续，还将调整，以生产高产量)”可知，棉农接下来很可能使用进一步改良的棉花籽。故选D项。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S. (极端高温和降雨不足严重破坏了美国今年的大部分棉花收成)”可知，文章报道了德克萨斯州高平原地区的棉花收成受到了极端高温和降雨不足的严重影响，干旱导致大部分棉农面临低产甚至放弃农作物的困境，这是自2009年以来最差的收成，造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，C项“德克萨斯州的棉花在干旱期间受到打击”契合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了11月8日，一场70年来最强的龙卷风袭击了泽西岛，造成巨大破坏，并让居民陷入极大恐慌。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Suddenly, the windows of the waiting room exploded in and dragged everything inside. My cars have been completely destroyed by branches and fences, and my garden is completely gone. There’s no furniture, no fence; everything has been thrown everywhere. At first there was lightning but then a strange noise and strange darkness came over the whole house. It was like being in a scary scene in the movie The Wizard of Oz (突然，候车室的窗户炸开了，把所有的东西都拖了进去。我的车被树枝和篱笆完全毁坏了，我的花园也完全消失了。没有家具，没有栅栏；所有东西都被扔得到处都是。起初有闪电，但随后一种奇怪的声音和奇怪的黑暗笼罩了整个房子。这就像电影《绿野仙踪》里的恐怖场景)”可知，这位受访者先描述了龙卷风袭击时的具体景象，然后提到这很像《绿野仙踪》电影中的恐怖场景。由此可知，这里提到这部电影是为了帮助描述龙卷风袭击时的场景。故选D项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The consequence looked like a bomb had gone off: cars hit, roofs with holes, windows broken. “A huge tree leans drunkenly against a block of flats. Piles of branches are piled optionally and pavements are covered with pieces,” said Chris Stone at BBC Radio Jersey. The tornado was powerful and exceptionally rare, caused by a severe thunderstorm that had sent out intense lightning and huge hailstones described as “ice bombs”. The Tornado and Storm Research Organization (Torro) and Jersey Met Office revealed the tornado left a trail of damages 8 km long across the island, and rated its intensity as T6 on an international scale of tornado power. (结果就像炸弹爆炸了：汽车被击中，屋顶被炸开了洞，窗户被打碎了。一棵大树醉醺醺地斜靠在一栋公寓楼上。BBC泽西电台的Chris Stone说：“成堆的树枝随意堆放，人行道上布满了碎片。”这次龙卷风威力巨大，而且极为罕见，是由一场强烈的雷暴引起的，雷暴发出了强烈的闪电和被称为“冰弹”的巨大冰雹。龙卷风和风暴研究组织（Torro）和泽西岛气象局表示，龙卷风在岛上留下了长达8公里的破坏痕迹，并将其强度评为国际龙卷风等级T6)”可知，本段主要描述了龙卷风袭击后现场混乱、破败的情况，及其威力的强大，即龙卷风有多严重。故选C项。 30．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“According to Torro records, this was the most powerful tornado to strike anywhere in the British Isles or Channel Islands since December 7th, 1954 when a tornado struck west London (根据Torro记录，这是自1954年12月7日龙卷风袭击西伦敦以来，袭击不列颠群岛或海峡群岛的最强龙卷风)”和下文“with Gunnersbury railway station torn apart, roofs torn off houses and one car even thrown through the air (Gunnersbury火车站被掀翻，屋顶被掀翻，一辆汽车甚至被抛向空中)”可知，此处介绍这次龙卷风的强度非常大，并描述它的破坏力。由此推知，画线词的意思是“破坏”，与damages意思一致。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“On November 8th, a tornado, the most powerful in the past 70 years, hit Jersey, causing great damages to the area and leaving the residents in great panic. (11月8日，一场70年来最强的龙卷风袭击了泽西岛，给该地区造成了巨大的破坏，居民们陷入了极大的恐慌)”可知，本文主要介绍了一场巨大的龙卷风袭击事件，受访者描述了他们见到的惊心动魄的场景，相关组织描述了龙卷风的强度和发生原因。因此，文章与时事相关，属于新闻报道。故选A项。 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是今年西伯利亚野火的情况。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Seasonal wildfires are common in Siberia, but this year’s fires are unusually widespread in part because of a climate change-driven heatwave.(季节性野火在西伯利亚很常见，但今年的火灾异常广泛，部分原因是气候变化导致的热浪。)”可知，气候变暖导致2020年北极野火极其普遍。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段“I was surprised to see a fire burning 10 kilometers south of a bay of the Laptev Sea, which is like, the sea ice factory of the world.(我很惊讶地看到大火在Laptev Sea海湾以南10公里处燃烧，Laptev Sea海湾就像世界的海冰工厂。)”和“When I went into fire science as an undergraduate student, if someone had told me I’d be studying fire regimes (管强体制) in Greenland and the Arctic, I would have laughed at them.(当我作为一名本科生进入火灾科学专业时，如果有人告诉我，我将研究格陵兰岛和北极的火灾制度，我会嘲笑他们。)”可知，Jessica McCarty在第三段想说她过去认为北极很少发生火灾。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some of the fires may have spent the winter months smoldering (闷燃) only to grow again in warmer weather.(一些大火可能在冬天闷烧了几个月，但在温暖的天气里又重新燃起。)”可知，我们可以从第4段中了解到2020年的北极火灾可能与2019年的火灾有关。故选B。 35．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“He added that temperature observation in the High Arctic made in the last 15 years weren’t expected for another seventy years.(他补充说，过去15年在北极高纬度地区进行的温度观测预计不会再持续70年。)”可知，划线词所在句子“The current situation in the Arctic circle shows that previous predictions (预测) “underestimate what is going on in reality(以前的预测“underestimate现实中正在发生的事情”)”，可推知划线词underestimate的意思是“低估”，和judge incorrectly(错误地判断)意思相近，故选C。 36．D 37．F 38．G 39．C 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在洪水来临时人们应该如何自救。 36．根据后文的“This is the first thing that a person should do.(这是一个人应该做的第一件事。)”可知，D项(注意你所在的地区是否有洪水的危险。)与下文连接通顺，this指代的是D项提到的“注意发生洪水的风险”。故选D项。 37．根据前文的“Prepare food kits for natural disasters that you can easily take with you if you have to leave your house. (准备好应对自然灾害的食物包，如果你必须离开你的房子，你可以很容易地随身携带。)”可知，F项(这将有助于为紧急情况储存食物。)承接上文，指出了准备好应急食物包可以应对突发的自然灾害。故选F项。 38．根据前文的“Evacuation may also cause a shortage in the food supply. (疏散也可能导致食物供应短缺。)”和下文的“To survive, one must depend on food storage.(为了生存，一个人必须依靠食物的储存。)”可知，G项(在这种情况下，饥饿成为一个非常现实的问题。)与上文为因果关系，说明了疏散带来的食物不足会导致饥饿的发生，下文针对“饥饿”提出了储存食物的必要性。故选G项。 39．根据前文的“Even six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving.(即使是6英寸深的流水也会让你跌倒。如果你必须在水里走，走在水不流动的地方。)”可知，C项(用一根棍子检查你前面的地面。)承接上文，进一步指出如何在水中安全地前进。故选C项。 40．根据前文的“Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground, when water is not moving or not more than a few inches deep. (不要开车进入被洪水淹没的地方。如果洪水在你的车周围上涨，在水不动或不超过几英寸深的时候，放弃汽车并转移到更高的地方。)”和后文的“ If your car is trapped in rapidly moving water, stay in the car. If the water is rising inside the car, move on to the roof.(如果你的车被困在快速流动的水中，呆在车里。如果车里的水在上升，那就爬到车顶上去。)”可知，B项(你和车很快就会被冲走。)承接上文，说明车在进入水淹区后，如果不能及时撤离会出现连人带车被冲走的情况，下文举例说明水流很急的情况下，被困的人应该怎么办。故选B项。 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．B 51．C 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了了在经历地震引起的海啸之后，Wati与家人失散。经过多年后，与家人重聚的故事。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次地震是历史上有记录以来第三强的地震，引发了强大的海啸，波及许多国家的海岸。A. weakest最弱的；B. strongest最强的；C. quickest最迅速的；D. deepest最深的。根据上文“On December 26, 2004, a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean.”可知，这次地震是历史上有记录以来第三强的地震。故选B。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. castles城堡；B. parks公园；C. goals目标；D. shores海岸。根据“caused powerful tsunamis (海啸)”可知，海啸波及了许多国家的海岸。故选D。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约23万人在这场灾难中丧生。A. frightened使惊吓；B. saved拯救；C. killed杀死；D. helped帮助。根据上文“This earthquake, which is the third 　　1　　 ever recorded in history, caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 　　2　　.”可知，由于地震强度大，并引起了海啸，杀死了大约23万人。故选C。 44．考查连词词义辨析。句意：另有数十万人受伤或失踪。A. or或者；B. and和；C. but但是；D. so因此。根据“injured ”和“disappeared”可知，受伤和失踪是两种情况，需用or连接。故选A。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中有一个叫瓦蒂的小女孩。A. boy男孩；B. pet宠物；C. girl女孩；D. town小镇。根据下文“when she was only 3 years old”可知，Wati是一个小女孩。故选C。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸袭击了她的家乡亚齐，当时她只有3岁。A. hit打击，袭击；B. cut切；C. pushed推；D. missed思念，错过。根据下文“Like so many others, the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，海啸袭击了她的家乡。故选A。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和其他许多人一样，巨浪把她和家人分开了，她被冲到了一个不知名的小镇。A. sold卖；B. washed冲走；C. invited邀请；D. asked问。根据“the huge waves separated her from her family,”可知，她被巨浪冲到了一个不知名的小镇。故选B。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几天的搜寻，她的家人最终放弃了，以为她已经死了。A. wait等待；B. walk散步；C. fight战斗；D. search搜索。根据上文“the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，Wati失踪了，因此家人寻找她。故选D。 49．考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. died死亡；B. won赢；C. run away逃跑；D. checked in登记入住。根据“After days of 　　8　　, her family eventually gave up”可知，家人放弃寻找她，认为她已经死了。故选A。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，海啸过后，一位陌生人在街上发现了瓦蒂，并把她救了出来。A. hidden隐藏；B. rescued营救；C. bought买；D. refused拒绝。根据“by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami.”可知，Wati被一个陌生人救了。故选B。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：陌生人试图找到她的家人，但瓦蒂不记得她父母的名字，只知道她有一个叫易卜拉欣的祖父。A. write写；B. show展示；C. remember记得；D. see看见。根据“but”和“only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham”可知，Wati不记得父母的名字。故选C。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，一位出租车司机听说了瓦蒂的故事，碰巧认识附近镇上一位名叫瓦蒂的老人，于是决定带她去见他。A. Days天；B. Weeks周；C. Months月；D. Years年。根据上文“when she was only 3 years old”和“said the 15-year-old Wati”可知，此处表示经过多年以后。故选D。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然老人一开始没有认出她，但他还是带着瓦蒂去看他的女儿。A. know知道；B. recognize识别，认出；C. want想要；D. understand理解。根据“Although the old man did not”可知，老人一开始没有认出她。故选B。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. daughter女儿；B. mother妈妈；C. son儿子；D. father爸爸。根据““When I saw my mother, I knew it was her,” said the 15-year-old Wati.”可知，老人带Wati去见自己的女儿，也就是Wati的妈妈。故选A。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于女儿身上的胎记，父母立刻认出了他们的女儿。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. calmly镇静地；C. officially官方地；D. immediately立刻，马上。根据“because of the birthmark on the body.”可知，Wati的父母因为她身上的胎记，立刻认出了她。故选D。 56．has seen 57．events 58．ourselves 59．be caught 60．faced 61．which##that 62．survival 63．simply 64．an 65．Staying 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来世界各地发生的自然灾害，并指出这些事件给社区带来的破坏和引发的关于应急准备的疑问。 56．考查谓语动词。句意：近年来，世界上发生了许多自然灾害：加勒比地区和美国南部的飓风、墨西哥的地震和南亚的季风雨。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为“the world”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has seen。 57．考查名词的数。句意：这些事件给社区带来了破坏。根据空前的“these”可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填events。 58．考查代词。句意：它们也引发了关于我们如何为类似事件做好准备的疑问。代词担当宾语，表示主语本身，用反身代词，构成固定短语：prepare oneself for，意为“让自己为……做好准备”。故填ourselves。 59．考查动词的用法。句意：然而，也有可能遇到意想不到的紧急情况。动词不定式符号后用动词原形，表示被动关系，用“be done”形式。故填be caught。 60．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这些情况时，你应该做些什么来保持安全？这里为状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when you are faced with those situations，和主句主语之间为被动关系，省略you are。故填faced。 61．考查定语从句。句意：每个家庭都应该有一个应急预案，以应对他们所在地区最可能发生的灾害。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an emergency plan”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 62．考查固定短语。句意：实用的生存技能也应该是每个家庭计划的一部分。固定短语：survival skills，意为“生存技能”，符合句意。故填survival。 63．考查副词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。担当句子的状语，表示“仅仅”，用副词形式。故填simply。 64．考查冠词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：在任何紧急情况下，保持冷静是一个人能做的最重要的事情。非谓语动词担当主语，表示主动关系，用动名词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Staying。 66．Dear Mr. Smith, I was shocked at the news about the hurricane in your hometown. It’s understandable that you sink into sadness. Upon hearing the news, all the students in our school volunteer to lend a helping hand. We have raised some money, which will be put into your bank account. Besides, we have also collected some basic necessities, such as clothes and tents for the victims. We hope our small deeds can be of some help. Great damage as the hurricane has caused, I firmly believe things will get better. Cheer up and pick up your courage to restore peace and harmony to your family. Anyway, there will always be a silver tint in the clouds of grief! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。现要求考生给美国友好学校交流期间认识的朋友Smith写一封电子邮件，就他家乡遭遇了飓风表示关心。 【详解】1.词汇积累 悲伤：sadness →sorrow 而且：besides→ moreover 帮助：help→ assistance 勇气：courage → bravery 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Upon hearing the news, all the students in our school volunteer to lend a helping hand. 拓展句：when we heard the news, all the students in our school volunteered to lend a helping hand. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 It’s understandable that you sink into sadness.（运用了that引导的主语从句） 【高分句型2】We have raised some money, which will be put into your bank account. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 67．One possible version: Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. As the evening came, the school gymnasium transformed into a makeshift dormitory, with rows of mats laid out for the children to sleep on. Teachers took turns telling stories and leading sing-alongs to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained surprisingly cheerful, their laughter echoing through the halls. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was comfortable and safe throughout the night. The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow. Parents and nearby residents arrived with shovels in hand, ready to help dig out the buses and snowplows a path through the snow. The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally depart. As the last bus pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn’t just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved. 【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了在一月的一天，谷景学校突遇暴风雪，300多名儿童、工作人员、巴士和扫雪机司机被困在学校里。夜幕即将降临，暴风雪没有停止的迹象，大家面临着解决孩子们用餐和睡觉的问题。学校的守门人Earl努力确保暖气的运转，工作人员给孩子们的家长打电话，告知他们孩子是安全的，住在附近的人收到求助电话后，带来了食物、饮料、毯子和棋盘游戏。虽然没有很多食物，但大家都分享着东西，没有人挨饿，也没有人抱怨。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在夜幕降临之前，我们为孩子们做好了娱乐和睡觉的安排。”可知，第一段可描写晚上大家为孩子们安排的娱乐活动和睡觉的解决方式，以及孩子们此时安心快乐的状态。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，雪停了，人们开始扫雪。”可知，第二段可描写大家齐心协力清理出道路，让巴士载着孩子们离开，以及作者事后对这一天经历的感想。 2. 续写线索：做好娱乐和睡觉的安排——娱乐和睡觉——孩子们的状态——雪停了——共同干活——事后的感想 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①转变成：transform into/change into ②筹备：organize/arrange ③确保：ensure/guarantee ④离开：depart/leave/go ⑤展现：show/demonstrate/display 情绪类 ①高兴的：cheerful/happy/joyful ②鼓舞人心的：inspiring/encouraging/stirring 【点睛】[高分句型1] Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was comfortable and safe throughout the night. (that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] As the last bus pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. (As引导时间状语从句、who引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型3] Looking back, it wasn’t just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved. (it was… that…强调句型) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null