新概念英语第二册笔记：Lesson 6 单词讲解

新概念英语第二册笔记：Lesson 6 单词讲解 1. beggar ['beɡə]  n. 乞丐 词性转换：beg    v.  恳求；乞讨 beg for food /money 乞求食物/金钱 The tramp has no job, so he has to beg for money. 那个流浪汉没有工作，不得不讨钱。 2. food [fuːd]  n. 食物 Can we get some food for this beggar? 我们能为那个乞丐弄一些食物吗？ The beggar asked for food instead of money. 乞丐乞求食物而不是金钱。 3. pocket ['pɒkɪt] n. 衣服口袋 pocket money 零花钱 He took a book out of his pocket. 他从口袋里拿出一本书。 He often uses his pocket money to buy junk food. 他经常用他的零用钱买垃圾食品。 4. call [kɔːl] v. 拜访，光顾 call on sb. =visit sb. 拜访某人 He calls on his grandparents every week. 他每周都会拜访他的祖父母。 call at sp. =visit sp. 访问某地，参观某地 Did you call at his house yesterday? 你昨天去他家拜访了吗？ 5.拓展：knock 短语用法 knock v. 敲击；互撞；攻击  n.敲；敲门；敲打 1).knock on/at 敲(门、窗等) I knocked on the door, but no one answered. 我敲了敲门，但没人应答。 Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。 There was a knock at the window. (这里knock 为名词）有人敲了一下窗户。 2).knock sth. off  使......掉落，碰掉 He knocked the cup off the table. 他把茶杯从桌子上碰掉了。 I knocked the vase off the table and broke it. 我把花瓶从桌子上碰掉，把它打碎了。 3).knock off 下班 He always knocks off at six o'clock. 他总是在六点钟下班。 4).knock off 减少 ；降低价格 The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill. 售货员给了10%的优惠。 They knocked 30% off the price during the sale.他们在销售期间降低了30%的价格。 5).knock over 打翻，撞倒 This flowerpot is broken. Who knocked it over? 这个花盆碎了，是谁把它打翻的？ A car knocked the boy over. 汽车把男孩撞倒了。 6).knock out 打昏，击倒，淘汰 In the fight, the thief knocked the policeman out.在搏斗中，小偷把警察打昏了。 He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.他并不知道如何搏斗，但他把那个拳击手打败/淘汰了。 （比赛中，被淘汰了，可以说 out ) Lesson 6 课文讲解 1. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. 他问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。 ①  ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物 I asked my teacher for some advice on how to study effectively. 我向老师索要了一些关于如何有效学习的建议。 The boy asked his mom for money again.这个男孩又向他的妈妈要钱。 beg for 乞求得到 ask for 请求得到 ②beer n.啤酒，为不可数名词，不可数名词可以借助单位词表示一定的数量，即“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”。量词可以是单数或复数，但of后面的名词通常用单数形式。 a cup of tea 一杯茶 two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶 a drop of water 一滴水 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a piece of cheese 一块乳酪 2. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. 作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。 ① in return for sth. 作为对...的回报 I gave him a watch in return for his help. 我给了他一块手表来回报他的帮忙。 in return 作为回报 （也可以单独使用） The man doesn't want anything in return. 这个男人不想得到任何的回报。 ② stand on one's head 倒立 He can stand on his head for a whole minute. 他可以倒立整整一分钟。 stand on one's knees 跪着 The gardener stood on his knees to plant the flowers. 园丁跪着种花。 3. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. 然后他把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。 由away构成的短语： go away 走开，离开 When the teacher entered the classroom, the noisy students went away. 当老师走进教室时，吵闹的学生们走开了。 walk away 离开 After finishing his meal, he just walked away without paying. 他吃完饭后，没有付钱就离开了。 take away 拿走 I want to take away the book you showed me yesterday. 我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 run away 逃跑 He ran away from his problems instead of facing them. 他逃避问题而不是面对它们。 He broke the window and ran away. 他打破窗子逃跑了。 fly away 飞走 The birds flew away when we approached the nest. 我们靠近鸟巢时，鸟儿飞走了。 throw away 扔掉 She threw away the letter without reading it. 她没有读信就把它扔掉了。 stay away 远离 Tell him to stay away from my sister! 叫他离我妹妹远点儿！ put away 放好 It's time to put away your books and get ready for bed. 该把书收起来准备睡觉了。 pass away 去世 The old man passed away peacefully in his sleep. 老人在睡梦中安详地去世了。 right away 立刻, 马上 You must give up smoking and drinking right away.你必须立刻戒烟酒。 far away 遥远的 The library is far away from my house, so I usually ride my bike to get there. 图书馆离我家很远，所以我通常骑自行车去那里。 4. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. 后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他。 ① tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 I'll tell you about the movie I watched last night if you're interested. 如果你感兴趣，我会告诉你我昨晚看的电影。 I need to tell my mom about the school trip next week. 我需要告诉我妈妈下周的学校旅行。 ②everybody 属于不定代词，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 everyone每人；人人     everybody 每人；人人    everything一切；所有事物    everywhere  到处，处处 no one 没有人         nobody  没有人       nothing什么都没有      nowhere 没有一个地方 anyone任何人      anybody 任何人       anything 任何事；任何东西     anywhere 任何地方 someone某人；有人      somebody 某人；有人    something 某事物        somewhere 某地 Everyone has a dream. 每个人都有一个梦想。 Everything is quiet. 一切都很安静。 Nobody wants to be late for school. 没有人想上学迟到。 Someone is knocking on/at the door. 有人在敲门。 5. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer. 他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。 ① once a month “每月一次”，表示频率 once a month 每月一次，相当于 every month She writes to her mother once a month. 她一个月给她妈妈写一次信。=She writes to her mother every month. once 一次  twice 两次  three times/four times 三次/四次 ②  how often, how long, how soon, how far 的用法 a. how often 多久一次（用于询问某件事情发生的频率） 答语通常是: always, usually, sometimes, never, once/twice a day/week/month 等。 - How often does she visit her grandparents? -Twice a month. -How often do you go to the movies? -Three times a month. b. how long 1).多久，多长时间（通常用于询问持续时间） -How long have you kept this book? 这本书你借了多长时间了？ -For three days. 三天了。 -How long have you lived here? (新1 第89课） -I've lived here for twenty years. 2). 多长（对某物的长度进行提问） -How long is the river? -It's about three hundred meters. c. how soon 多快，多久以后（常用于一般将来时，答语通常为“in+时间段”） -How soon will you finish your homework? -I will finish my homework in an hour. --How soon will your father come back? -In a week. 一周以后 d. how far 多远（对距离提问） -How far is it from your home to the school? 从你家到学校有多远？ -It's about two kilometers. 大约两公里。 -How far did you walk yesterday? 你昨天走了多远？ -I walked about three miles. 我走了大约三英里。 英式：in the street 美式：on the street 　　 Lesson 6 语法讲解 冠词的用法 1.    冠词定义：它是英语中位于名词前的一种特殊虚词。它不能单独使用，只放在名词前，并帮助名词表达某种含义，故称为冠词。 2.    不定冠词 a, an 意为"一（个，件，头，只......), 表示泛指 a university teacher 一位大学老师                          a uniform 一套制服 an hour 一个小时                 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 3 .the （定冠词）：这（那）个， 这（那）些 定冠词 the 的常见用法： a).指谈话双方所熟知的人或事物。 The teacher is Miss Zhou. 那位老师是周老师。 b). 指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 He has a bag. The bag is blue. 他有一个包，那个包是蓝色的。 This is a story of friendship. Let's read the story together. 这是一个关于友谊的故事，我们一起读这个故事吧。 c). 指世界上独一无二的事物。 the moon 月亮           the earth  地球          the sun 太阳   the world 世界           the sky 天空                the universe 宇宙 d).用于江河湖海等某些专有名词或由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall 长城 the Yellow River 黄河 e).用于乐器名词前 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他 f). 用于某些习惯用语或固定短语中。 in the morning 在上午 in the evening 在晚上 in the end 最后 all the time 一直 at the same time 与此同时 at the age of ... 在......岁时 on the way to... 在去......的路上 g). 用在方位名词前 in the east 在东方 on the right 在右边 h). 用在姓氏或复数前，表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are going to Beijing next month. 下个月格林一家要去北京。 i). 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示一类人或事物。 The rich aren't always happy. 有钱人并非总是快乐的。 j). 用在“ the +比较级..., the + 比较级..."句式中，意为"越......，越 ......"。 The more you practice, the better you can understand. 你练习得越多，理解得越透彻。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$