Unit 4 Grammar 现在完成时学案 2024-2025学年沪教版英语七年级上册

Unit4 Grammar 现在完成时 重点知识回顾 the differences of have been to/have gong to /have been in 短语 中文释义 常用搭配 例句 have been to “去过”,已经回来 次数; once, twice, three times She has been to her hometown three times. have been in “在…某地呆了多久” for +一段时间 She has been in her hometown for over 3 years. have gone to “去了”,还没回来 问答形式 -Where is Jane? -She has gone to her hometown to visit her grandparents. 练习: 1. -Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? -Yes. I _ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 2. -Hello! May I speak to Kate? -Sorry, she isn’t here now. She _to Shanghai. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. has been gone 3. —Hello! Is that Mr. Jiang ? —No, he_ Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks. A. goes B. went C. has gone to D. has been to 4. —The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places? —Yes. Also, we _ to the Great Wall. A. have gone B. have been C. had gone D. had been 5. -Hello! May I speak to Kate? -Sorry, she isn’t here now. She _to Shanghai. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. had gone 6. —Where’s her second son? I haven’t seen him for a long time. —He _ Maine looking for a place to work. A. will go to B. has gone to C. had gone to D. goes to 7. -Are you going to the bank, Laura? -No, I _ to the bank already. A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been 8. -Where is my sister, mum? -She _ to the library. She will be back soon. A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go 9. They _ England and they will be back next week. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on 10. —How well do you know the Opera House? —I know the place very well. I _ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 1.现在完成时基本结构: 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语. ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他) 2.过去分词变化规则如下: 1. 规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点: (1)一般动词,在词尾直接加"-ed "。 work worked worked visit visited visited (2)以" e "结尾的动词,只在词尾加"-d "。 live lived lived (3)以"辅音字母 + y "结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加"-ed "。 study studied studied cry cried cried (4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加"-ed "。 stop stopped stopped drop dropped dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut cut cut hit hit hit 3.现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响"照片不在这里"。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如: He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) 注意:for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为:……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 即学即练 for + 一段时间 since + 一个时间点 1) _ two years 2)_ two years ago 3) _last month 4) _1999 5) _yesterday 6) _4 o’clock 7) _4 hours 8) _an hour ago 9) _we were children 10) _lunch time 11) _she left here 对for或since引导的时间状语提问用_ 1)I have lived here for 10 years. _ 2)She has stood here since 2 hour ago._ 3)She has stood here since 2 hour ago._ 主句 + since + 从句 主句用: _ 从句用:_ We _(not meet) since we _(graduate)from the high school. He_(be) ill since I _(see) him last time. Since he _(plant)the flowers, he _(take) good care of them. I _(be) here since 1989. I _(be) here since 2 years ago. It is/has been +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时) It has been five years since I joined the army. =It _ five years since I joined the army. 注意:瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下: leave— been away from buy—have lend/borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town catch a cold—have a cold Open/close—be open/closed fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return-be back marry-be married finish-be over become-be come / go to —be in / at arrive in (at)/ get to / reach —— be in / at join + 名词-be in + 组织 / be a(an)+member of get /receive a letter from—have a letter from 1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 2. Do you know him well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 3. How long have you _ here ? About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 5. It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was 6. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 7. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they 8. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 9. His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 10. _ a meeting yesterday afternoon? Yes, they _. A. Did they have, did B. Did they have, had C. Had they, had D. Had they, did 4.现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如"for+时间段","since+时间点"。如: We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如: I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如: How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何? The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗? The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容) I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影) Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑) Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天) 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如: She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 1. looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house_8:00 this morning. A. at B. for C. since D. till版 2. 1Nancy _ many famous places since she came to live in China last year. A. has visited B. will visit C. was visiting D. had visited 3. In the past few years, thousands of films all over the world.学科 A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 4. Bolt from Jamaica(牙买加)_both the 100m and 200m records already. A. breaks B. broke C. has broken D. will break 5. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _ the film. A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen 6. So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built 7. - Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhang’s office. - I’m afraid he _ his work yet. A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish 8. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _ any letters from him so far. A. won’t receive B. haven’t received C. hadn’t received D. didn’t receive 9. Sam opened the door and a lovely dog outside. A. finds B. found C. has found D. will find 10. Julie's father _ to London last month. He _ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone 11. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. A. was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught 12. Yao Ming _ in NBA since 2002. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 13. Mike _ as a chemistry teacher for over twenty years. A. has worked B. worked C. working D. works 14. In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown. A. have been B. were C. had been D. are 15. China _six astronauts into space since 2003. A. sent B. will send C. has sent D. has been sent 16. A: You look very nice in your new dress today. B: Oh, really? I _ it when it was on sale. A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy 17. Our teachers_ us already that washing hands often will help us prevent the A-H1N1 Flu. A.) tell B. told C. have told D. is telling 18. My sister has learnt English . A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four 19. Mr. Smith _ in Shanghai since he left the army. A) lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live 20. Macao _ great progress since it returned to China in 1999. A. made B. makes C. has made D. was made . 按要求完成句子。 1. John went to see his grandmother once a week.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _ John _ to see his grandmother. 2. He has already finished his homework. (改为否定句) He _ finished his homework _. 3. You have never been to Shanghai before. (改为反意疑问句) You have never been to Shanghai before, _ _? 4. My father came back the day before yesterday. (同义句转换) My father has _ _ for two days. 5. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. (同义句转换) My uncle has _ the new car _ two months ago. II. 语法选择 1. —I’m sorry, Cathy, I _ your radio for such a long time. —Never mind. A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have returned 2. —Where have you _ these days? —I have _ to Yangzhou with my friends. A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone 3. —Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other in the past few weeks. —_. A. He has been to America B. He has gone to England C. He is going to Australia D. He would visit my grandparents 4. They have _ since the factory opened. A. left the school B. joined the team C. become workers D. worked here 5. Jim _ the Great Wall many times. A. went to B. goes to C. has gone to D. has been to 6. It _ ten years since they _ to France. A. was, moved B. was, have moved C. is, have moved D. is, moved 7. —_ to the United States? —No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go 8. I won’t go to see the film tonight because I _ my ticket. A. didn’t lose B. have lost C. will lose D. didn’t have 9. Miss Wu has taught in this school _. A. for ten years B. in the past C. since ten years D. for ten years ago 10. I _ today’s homework already. What about you? A. have finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing 11. —Ann has gone to Shanghai. —So _ her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 12. He _ the magazine for two weeks. He should go to the library to renew it. A. borrowed B) has borrowed C. has lent D. has kept 13. — That’s a nice mobile phone. — It is. My aunt _ it for my last birthday. A. buy B. will buy C. have bought D. bought 14. I don’t want to see the film because I _it already. A. will see B) saw C. have seen D. had seen 15. —_ you ever _ for a newspaper? —Yes. I think it's a good experience for me. A. Do, write B) Have, written C. Will, write D. Did, write 16. People _ the virus of H1NI since the early of last year. A. studied B) have studied C. will study D. had studied 17. Shanghai _ so much that even Shanghainese need a map when they go around the city. A. are changed B) has changed C. will change D. had changed 18. — I called you yesterday evening.but you were not in. —Sorry, I _in the shop with my mother. A. am B. will be C. was D. have been 专项训练 1.John _ in Shanghai since he left his hometown. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 2.Uncle Weiming has been an engineer _ 2004 and Aunt Betty has worked as an Architect _10 years. A.since, for B.for, since C.for, for D.since, since 3.I _ about the Taj Mahal(泰姬陵) in the history books before and I want to take a trip there someday. A.have read B.will read C.am reading D.was reading 4.Alice _ to Beijing several times. So she knows a lot about culture and custom of the city. A.will go B.goes C.have been D.has been 5.Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A.Mary has worked in this company for three years. So did Billy and I. B.Which would you rather do — go swimming or play tennis? C.Brian couldn’t decide where to travel. Either could I. D.Do you prefer read Conan Doyle’s detective stories? 6.Jim’s mother _ an engineer for more than twelve years. A.is B.is going to be C.was D.has been 7.Ben has lived here _ he was born. A.for B.when C.since D.from 8.Aunt Maggie has been a teacher _ quite a few years. A.since B.till C.for D.and 9.These foreign students _ Chinese for more than ten years. A.learned B.have learned C.will learn D.learn 10.Tom _ Hangzhou twice. He will fly there next month. A.went to B.will go to C.has been to D.goes to 11.My parents and I _ in that old house since I was born. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.has lived 12.They have worked and lived in Shanghai _ ten years ago. A.for B.since C.during D.in 13.Alice will not see this film because she _ it twice. A.has seen B.have seen C.saw D.sees 14.I _ Hangzhou with my parents twice. It’s really a nice city for sightseeing. A.visit B.will visit C.are visiting D.have visited 15.Mike has worked as an engineer _he left his college. A.since B.for C.before D.at 16.I the UK twice. It’s far away from Shanghai. A.visit B.have visited C.visited D.will visit 17.The Lis _ their hometown for 6 years. A.has guarded B.have guarded C.guarded D.are guarding 18.Lucy _ a lot about Canada since she visited a lot of museums there. A.learns B.learned C.has learnt D.is learning 19.Mr. Smith _ in Shanghai since 2011. He really loves this city. A.was B.have been C.has been D.will be 20.I _ about the UK. It’s far away from China. A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read 21.Mr. Black _ in a car factory in Shanghai since 20 years ago. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.have worked 22.My father _ Tianjin many times, so he knows every corner of it. A.visits B.will visit C.visited D.has visited 23.It _ the first time that _ New York, because there is a photo of him in front of the Empire State Building hanging in his room. A.is; Byron has been in B.isn’t; Byron has gone to C.is; Byron has been for D.isn’t; Byron has been to 24.It’s a year since I _ the company’s shares (股票). They are really difficult to _. A.have had; dispose B.bought; dispose of C.have had; dispose of D.bought; dispose 25.This shop _ for nearly ten years. A.has opened B.has been open C.has been close D.has closed 26.I’d like to express my appreciation to all of my teachers. I _ great progress since school _ this term. A.have made, began B.made, has begun C.have made, has begun D.made, began 27.Sophie and her husband _ in Shanghai since 2018. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live 28.Emily _ in Shanghai since she was born in 2006. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.has lived 29.How long has the foreign friend _China? A.come to B.arrived C.been in D.gone 30.Ben _ as an architect in a big company since he left school in 2018. A.will work B.has worked C.worked D.works 31.He’s never won the game, _ he? A.is B.has C.isn’t D.hasn’t 32.Tom has lived in Shanghai _ 2003. He has live here _ many years. A.in; for B.since; for C.since; at D.in; since 33.Uncle Weiming has been an engineer _ 2004 and Aunt Betty has worked as an architect _ 10 years. A.for; since B.for; for C.since; since D.since; for 34.Our teacher has been back _ half an hour. A.since B.in C.for D.after 35.— Have you travelled on the Airport Express _? — No, I haven’t. A.still B.yet C.already D.too 36.My parents and I _ in that tiny house since I was born. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.has lived 37.My mother has been back_ half an hour ago. A.since B.for C.in D.after 38.Our German friends _ Garden City for more than three weeks. A.have arrived in B.have got to C.have been in D.have come to 39.Miss Guo teaches maths in a school. She _ a teacher since 1998. A.is B.has been C.will be D.was 40.He _ a lot since he left the university. A.change B.changed C.changing D.has changed 41.I _ in Britain for several years. The people there are very friendly. A.live B.lived C.will live D.have lived 42.—_ you _ anything for dinner, Jane? — No, not yet. I’m going to have some noodles. A.Did; have B.Do; have C.Have; had D.Will; have 43.You don’t need to talk to the class teacher. I _ him everything already. A.will tell B.am telling C.have told D.told 44.I have kept the book _. I have to return it to the library now. A.one month ago B.for one month C.one month D.one month later 45.These workers _ the new building since one year ago. A.build B.are building C.have built D.built 46.Mr. Wang _ in Hangzhou since he left the army. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 47.Sophia has worked in this hospital _ six years. A.in B.for C.since D.on 48.My father and I _ to England before. A.have been B.went C.have gone D.go 49._ you ever _ to Beijing? A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Have; gone D.Have; been 50.Look, the wind _ now. Let’s go out to play. A.is stopping B.has stopped C.will stop D.stopped 51.The TV news says the old man _ the bridge for over ten years. A.clean B.cleaned C.has cleaned D.are cleaning 52.My brother Leo _ as a fashion designer since 2020. A.worked B.works C.has worked D.is working 53.—Where is your sales manager, Jessica? —She’s not here. She _ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning. A.went B.goes C.has gone D.has been 54.The Smiths _ in Australia since 2000. A.had lived B.are living C.lived D.have lived 55.Henry has been a teacher _. A.for ten years B.since ten years C.for ten years ago D.in 1998 56.I’ve lived in this town _ I was born. A.for B.because C.when D.since 57.Sherry _ in this beautiful school since ten years ago. A.work B.works C.has worked D.worked 58.They _ in Shanghai since ten years ago. A.have worked B.worked C.are working D.work 59.The sick man has _ hospital for about a week. A.been to B.come to C.been in D.gone to 60.Look! The snow _! We can play with snow outside. A.is stopping B.will stop C.has stopped D.had stopped 61.You must return the books to the library because you_ them for more than two weeks. A.keep B.will keep C.have kept D.are keeping 62.We _ in this school for over ten and a half years. A.are B.were C.have been D.will be 63.I won’t see the film this evening because I _ it already. A.will see B.saw C.have seen D.had seen 64.My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven’t seen him _. A.since almost a year B.from almost a year on C.after almost a year D.since almost a year ago 65.Leon’s made few friends, _? A.does she B.doesn’t he C.has he D.hasn’t he 66.Tom went to the library a few minutes ago and he _ back yet. A.didn’t come B.hasn’t come C.won’t come D.doesn’t come 67.We haven’t heard from them _ last month. A.since B.by the end of C.for D.until 68.She _ busy for her twin babies since they were born. A.is B.was C.will be D.has been 69.The Red Cross has _ 1.3 million dollars for tsunami victims. A.risen B.raise C.to rise D.raised 70.—_ you _ a school club recently? —Yes, I have. A.Did, join B.Have, joined C.Did, take part in D.Have, taken part in 71.—Where is Danny? —He _ Beijing. He will be back in a week. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has been away 72.Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A.He has gone to New Zealand for 10 years. B.The movie has begun for 10 minutes. C.Henry has joined the singing club since he was in Grade Six. D.Joe has been away from Chicago since he graduated from high school. 73. —_ the movie _? —_. A.When did; start; Since 3 o’clock ago B.How long was; on; Since at 3 o’clock C.When has; started; Since 3 o’clock before D.How long has; been on; Since 3 o’clock 74.The great playwright _ for 105 years, but people will continue to enjoy his plays for many years to come. A.has dead B.has been dead C.has been died D.died 75.Bill and Melinda Gates announced in a statement last month, saying that after a great deal of thought, they _ to end their marriage. They will continue to work together at the foundation which has provided great help _ people in poor nations. A.have decided; to B.have made the decision; for C.decided; with D.made the decision; to 76.Michael came back from the United States yesterday. He _ a lot since we last met. A.changes B.changed C.has changed D.is changing 77.Mr. Smith _ in Shanghai for 10 years and he loves this city very much. A.lives B.lived C.was living D.has lived 78.Her cousin _ in Shanghai since he left the army. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 79.Luna has _ in bed for two hours after _ the book on the desk next to her bed. A.lied, lying B.lay, lain C.laid, lying D.lain, laying 80.—_ you _ any more lessons in maths and English? — No, not yet. A.Have; had B.Do; have C.Will; have D.Did; have 81.Jenny can tell (辨别) almost every street in Shanghai because she _ in this city for 22 years. A.was B.has been C.is D.will be 82.Ben was badly hurt in the car accident. He _ in hospital for more than a month. A.stays B.stay C.has stayed D.stayed 83.Alice isn’t here. She _ the USA. A.went to B.has been to C.has been in D.has gone to 84.Uncle Wang _ a doctor since twenty years ago. A.was B.has been C.is D.be 85.Susan’s sister _ the MP3 for two years. A.has had B.has bought C.has borrowed D.has lent 86.Angel isn’t here now. She _ the library. A.has been to B.went to C.has gone to D.goes to 87.Several new members have come into the club _ 2017. A.since B.for C.in D.at 88.Mr. Wang has _ South Africa. He will be back next month. A.been to B.been at C.gone to D.gone in 89.My grandmother is an old English teacher. She _ a teacher for over 35 years. A.is B.will be C.has been D.had been 90.Linda said she _ the school band since 2003. A.has joined B.had joined in C.has been a member of D.had been in 91.—How long have you been learning tennis? —_ A.Five years. B.Five years ago. C.For five years ago. D.Since five years ago. 92.My father doesn’t feel well. He hasn’t eaten anything _ last night. A.in B.since C.for D.at 93.—Could you tell me something about Jim? —Sorry, I _ from him recently. A.wasn’t hearing B.don’t hear C.haven’t heard D.won’t hear 94.My father has been in Shanghai _ 10 years ago. A.for B.since C.in D.after 95.—How long _ you _ this magazine? —For two weeks. A.have, kept B.were, keeping C.have, bought D.have, been kept 96.Hurry up! We _ our name tags on the suitcases yet. A.have put B.put C.haven’t put D.don’t put 97.Tom as well as his parents _ been to the Shanghai Disneyland Park recently. A.have B.will have C.has D.had 98.— He has never been to Beijing. — _. A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So have I D.Neither have I 99.How many travelers _ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public? A.have gone B.went C.have been D.will go 100.Mr. Smith and his family have _ Bangkok for several days. A.arrived in B.been to C.gone to D.been in 第 2 页 共 12 页 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$