新概念英语第二册特殊句型讲解

2024-11-09
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第一节 强调句 强调是为了加强句子语气,突出说话的重点,区别不同的意思等。英语书面语中表示强调的手段主要有词汇和语法两种。这里主要介绍通过语法手段实现强调目的的句型。 一、词汇手段 可以通过以下三类词汇实现强调目的: (一)通过only, even, alone, just, ever, very, too, at all, on earth, in the world, rather, entirely, completely等对其所修饰的内容进行强调。 【例】The only way to conquer a fear is to face it. 克服恐惧的唯一方法是正视恐惧。 (二)通过强调词however/ whatever/ wherever/ whenever/ whoever/ whichever,no matter how/ what/ where/ when/ who/ which等实现强调目的。 【例】I’ll do whatever it takes to protect my children. 我将不惜一切代价保护我的孩子。 (三)通过助动词do(does,did)强调谓语动词,其结构为“主语+do/does/did+动词原形+其他”。如果句中没有助动词,可以在肯定句中的谓语动词前面加do的相应形式表示强调,通常用于时态为一般现在时和般过去时的句子中,也可以用于祈使句中。翻译时可译为“务必,一定,确实”。 【例】Do send them these books today. 今天务必把这些书寄给他们。 二、语法手段 (一)It is / was +强调部分+that+剩下部分,被强调的部分可以是主语,宾语,状语或表语。 【例】It was on the corner that I ran into a murder. 就是在街角,我撞见了一起凶杀。(强调状语) It was he that (who) went to that place at that time yesterday. 昨天那个时候去那个地方的正是他。(强调主语) It was those girls in red dress that he aimed at. 他的目标是那些穿红裙子的女孩。(强调宾语) 【注意】此句型不强调谓语。 (二)It was not until+被强调的部分+that+剩下部分,that后面的句子要用肯定句以及陈述语气。 【例】It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。 (三)强调部分为从句或含有从句的情况: 1. 强调原因状语时,状语从句只能用because引导,不用as、since、for等。 【例】It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 因为我会讲英语,所以我得到一份工作。 2. 强调部分含有定语从句 【例】It was in the factory (that I visited) that I met my old friend. 我是在我参观的工厂里遇见我的老朋友的。 (四)一般疑问句的强调句式为“Is/Was it +被强调的部分+that/who+其他”。特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词(疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was it that+陈述句语序”。特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。 【例】Was it Sally that phoned just now? 刚才打电话的人是莎莉吗? When was it that you lost your keys? 你究竟什么时候丢的钥匙? 第二节 倒装句 英语句子的基本语序通常是“主语在前,谓语在后”。如果根据需要将谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语前面,这样的语序被称为倒装句语序。 一、完全倒装 谓语部分完全放在主语之前,叫完全倒装。 (一)there位于句首+表移动(come、go、be)或状态(stand、live、lie)的谓语动词。 【例】There exists some misunderstanding between them. 他们之间有点儿误会。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。 (二)表时间/方位/地点的副词或介词短语位于句首,如now, then, here, down, in等,且谓语动词为表移动(come、go、be)或状态(stand、live、lie)的动词。 【例】Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 Through the window came out the sweet music. 悦耳的音乐从窗户里传出来。 二、部分倒装 只把be动词、助动词、情态动词提到主语前,叫部分倒装。 (一)反复倒装 如果前面所述情况也适用于后者,后面的句子常用so, neither或nor引出倒装句。 【例】She has been to New York and so have I. 她去过纽约,我也去过。 Lily has never seen snow; neither/nor has Tom. 莉莉从没有见过雪,汤姆也没有。 【拓展】在反复倒装句中,若要用so位于句首引出倒装句,需要具备以下三个条件: so表示“也”的意思;前面的句子为肯定句;前面句子的主语和so引出句子的主语不同; 如果不是表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,而是表示对前面句子内容的同意或肯定,则不用倒装,此时前后两句的主语一致,so意为“的确如此,确实”。如: 【例】I bought a gift for my son, and so did my husband. 我给我儿子买了一件礼物,我的丈夫也买了。 I promised to buy my son a gift, and so I did. 我答应给我儿子买一件礼物,我确实买了。 (二)虚拟条件句中的倒装 if引导的非真实条件句中含有were, had或should时,可以省略if,并将were, had或should提至主语之前,构成倒装。 【例】Were he here, we would have no difficulty with this matter. 他要是在这里的话,我们在这件事上就不会有难处了。 (三)否定倒装:含否定意义的词位于句首引起部分倒装 1. 常见否定词:never, nor, not, seldom, rarely, hardly, few, little... 2. 否定短语:句首否定短语at no time, under / in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, on no condition, by no means等。 【例】Seldom does he read in his free time. 他从不在休闲时间阅读。 By no means can he get there in ten minutes. 他决不能在十分钟内到达那里。 【拓展】not only...but (also)...连接并列的句子,且not only位于句首时,前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装,即“前倒后不倒”。 【例】Not only does he know French, but he is proficient in it. 他不仅懂法语,而且精通法语。 (四)only位于句首+副词/介词短语/状语从句 【例】Only by shouting did we realize the meaning of this poem. 只有通过呼喊,我们才意识到这首诗的意义。 Only after I left home did I realized how happy I was. 当我离开家以后,我才意识到自己曾经多幸福。 (五)as,though引导让步状语从句时的倒装 as引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装结构,即将表语、状语或谓语部分的实义动词提至句首;当作表语的可数名词单数置于句首时,该名词前面不加任何冠词。 though引导让步状语从句时,从句可以用倒装结构,其用法和as的用法一样,也可以不用倒装结构。 【例】Fail as/though I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了,但我永远不会放弃。 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot of things.(Child前面不加冠词) 尽管他还是个孩子,他却知道很多事情。 (六)not...until(不······直到), no sooner...than(一······就), hardly...when(一······就), scarcely...when(刚······就), so...that(如此······以至于), such...that(如此······以至于)句型中,主句倒装,从句语序正常(主倒从不倒)。此外,当to such a degree,to such an extent,to such a point等介词短语位于首时,句子(或主句)也要部分倒装。 【例】Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed. 我直到做完作业才上床睡觉。 No sooner had I got to the station than the train left. 我一到车站火车就开走了。 Hardly had we finished our supper when the electricity was cut out. 我们刚吃完晚饭就停电了。 So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. 他开车如此粗心,差点把他自己害死了。 第三节 反义疑问句 反意疑问句(又称“附加疑问句”)是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的疑问句,可以表示真实的疑问,也可表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或反问。反意疑问句的第一部分是一个完整的陈述句,第二部分是一个简短的疑问句。 一、陈述句部分有little, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, few, no, never, nothing等词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。 【例】Few people live to the age of 100, do they? 很少有人能活到100岁,是吗? He seldom went home when in college, did he? 他上大学时很少回家,是吗? 二、陈述句部分的主语是代词时 当陈述句部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语通常用they;当陈述句部分的主语是this, that, anything, everything, nothing, something时,反意疑问句部分的主语常用it。 【例】Everyone is having a very good time, aren’t they? 每个人都玩得很高兴,是吗? No one phoned me while I was out, did they? 我不在时没人打电话,是吗? That is what you want to know, isn’t it? 那就是你想知道的,不是吗? Nothing could make her alter her views, could it? 没有什么能够让她改变观点,是吗? 三、陈述句部分的谓语中含有ought to, used to, would rather, had better, have / has / had to时: 当陈述句部分有ought to时,反意疑问句部分用shouldn’t或oughtn’t;陈述句部分的谓语是used to时,反意疑问句部分用didn’t或usedn’t,陈述句部分有would rather时,反意疑问句部分用wouldn’t;陈述句部分有had better时,反意疑问句部分用hadn’t;陈述句部分有“have / has / had to+动词原形”时,反意疑问句部分常用don’t, doesn’t, didn’t。 【例】We ought to go now, oughtn’t / shouldn’t we? 我们现在该走了,是吗? He used to smoke, usedn’t / didn’t he? 他过去经常抽烟,是吗? You’d rather came here tomorrow, wouldn’t you? 你宁愿我明天来这里,是吗? You had better remain calm when in danger, hadn’t you? 遇到危险时,你最好保持冷静,是吗? They had to leave early yesterday, didn’t they? 他们昨天不得不早早出发,是吗? 四、陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish时 当陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish时,反意疑问句部分的谓语要用may,而且两部分都用肯定形式。 【例】I wish to go home now, may I? 我想现在回家,可以吗? I wish to shake hands with you, may I? 我想同你握握手,可以吗? 五、陈述句部分的谓语中含有情态动词must时 当陈述句部分有情态动词must表示“必须,应当”等命令或义务时,反意疑问句部分用mustn’t;当must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句部分用needn’t(不必);当must表示“想必,一定”等推测意义时,反意疑问句部分则根据陈述句部分的时态采用相应的动词或助动词形式。 【例】You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you? 你不准践踏草坪,可以吗? He must look over our test papers before we hand them in, needn’t we? 交卷前我们有必要检查一下试卷,不是吗? He must be very tired, isn’t he? 他一定很累了,是吗? 六、陈述句部分为there be结构时 当陈述句部分是以表示“存在”的there引出时,其后的反意疑问句部分仍用there。 【例】There will be an art exhibition tomorrow, won’t there? 明天有一个艺术展,是吗? 七、陈述句部分为祈使句时 当陈述句部分是祈使句时,后面一般用will you / won’t you / would you / could you,表达一种委婉的语气。但是,当祈使句为否定句时,后面常用will you。有时根据语境的需要,反意疑问句部分也可以用can you, can’t you等。 【例】Mail the letter today, will you? 今天把信寄出去,好吗? Try to be back by two, won’t you? 尽量两点前回来,好吗? Post the parcel for me, can you? 帮我寄一下包裹,可以吗? Be quiet, can’t you? 安静点,不行吗? 八、陈述句部分为主从复合句时 当陈述句部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 【例】He never said that she would come, did he? 他从未说过她要来,是吗? 【注意】当陈述句部分为“I’m sure/afraid, I (don’t) think/suppose/believe/expect/imagine等+宾语从句”结构时,反意疑问句部分要与从句主谓保持一致。并且由于前面陈述句部分常常否定前移,所以应依据主句来决定反意疑问句部分用肯定还是否定形式。 【例】I’m sure that our experiment will succeed, won’t it? 我确信我们的实验会成功,对吧? I don’t think Tom will attend tomorrows meeting, will he? 我想汤姆不会参加明天的会议,是吗? 九、陈述句部分为并列句时 当陈述句部分是并列句时,反意疑问句部分的主语一般与离其最近句子的主语保持一致。 【例】We must study English hard, or we aren’t good at English, are we? 我们必须要努力学习英语,否则就无法擅长于此,是吗? 十、陈述句部分为感叹句时 当陈述句部分是感叹句时,反意疑问句部分一律用否定式,而且要用be动词的一般现在时。 【例】What a lovely girl, isn’t she? 多可爱的一个女孩儿啊,不是吗? ►知识巩固 一、单项选择 1.What a nice day! Let’s go outing, ________? A.shall we B.will you C.do we D.do you 2.Adams never has breakfast, ________ he? A.does B.doesn’t C.has D.hasn’t 3.Your wish is to become a writer, ________ ? A.isn’t it B.is it C.isn’t he D.is he 4.Your mom had a long talk with you last night, ________ ? A.hadn’t she B.had she C.did she D.didn’t she 5.-Our English teacher’s voice sounds beautiful, _______? -Sure, ______. A.doesn’t it; it does B.doesn’t she; she does C.does it; it doesn’t D.does she; she doesn’t 6.There are little oranges in the box, ________? A.are there B.aren’t there C.are they D.aren’t they 7.-I can hardly walk any further. - ________. Let’s stop here to have a rest. A.Neither can I B.Neither do I C.So can I D.So do I 8.Only when ________ how important it is to master English. A.did I work I realized B.I worked I realized C.I didn’t realize D.I worked did I realize 9.Never ______ a more beautiful sunrise since the day I was born. A.had I seen B.I saw C.did I see D.have I seen 10.In short, not only ________ enough healthy food, but also ________ regularly. A.should we eat; we should eat B.should we eat; should we eat C.we should eat; we should eat D.we should eat; should we eat 11.Only when he reached the tea house __________ he’d been in it last year. A.he realized B.did he realize C.he realize D.do he realize 12.Not until I began to work ________ how much time I had wasted. A.didn’t I realize B.did I realize C.had I realized D.I realized 13.It was playing computer games ________ took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A.that B.what C.which D.it 14.It was his eyes ________ attracted me first. A.that B.where C.which D.while 15._________ was 87 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean _________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa. A.That; which B.It; that C.It; which D.This; who 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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新概念英语第二册特殊句型讲解
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新概念英语第二册特殊句型讲解
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新概念英语第二册特殊句型讲解
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