2025年中考英语复习主谓一致讲义

第一节 语法一致 一、名词/代词作主语 单数名词/代或不可数名在中作主语时，谓语动词用数形式。 复数名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 【例】Her idea about the problem is very novel and interesting. 她对这个问题的看法非常新颖有趣。 Leaves change color in autumn. 树叶在秋天改变颜色。 Those look a little better than these. 那些看上去比这些更好一点儿。 （一）“many a(n)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 【例】Many a student has passed the final exam after careful preparation. 许多学生在认真准备后通过了期末考试。 （二）“more than one+单数名词”在意义上虽有复数概念，但作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 【例】More than one person takes part in this activity. 不止一个人参加这项活动。 More visitors than one have complained about the weather here. 不止一名游客抱怨过这里的天气。 （三）常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的这类名词有clothes, belongings（财物）, earnings（薪水，收入）, savings（积蓄，存款）, surroundings（环境）, odds（可能性概率）, remains（剩余物，残留物）等。 【例】The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear. 这些衣服不适合日常穿。 （四）and或both...and...连接并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时，谓语动词应用单数形式。 【例】Jane and Mary decide to take a trip to Paris next month. 简和玛丽决定下个月去巴黎旅行。 Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions. 社会秩序对持不同政治观点的人意味着不同的东西。 （五）“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与后面的名词或代词的数保持一致。 【例】Two thirds of the food has been sent to that area. 三分之二的食物已经被送往那个地区了。 Ninety percent of these thoughts do not work. 这些想法中的90%都不奏效。 （六）a number of+名词/代词，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of+名词/代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 【例】A number of children are playing in the park. 一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。 The number of visitors is increasing rapidly. 游客的人数正在迅速增加。 （七）“a quantity of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of...+不可数名/可数名词复数”作主语时谓语动词的数通常与of后面的名词的数保持一致。但“quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 【例】A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday. 昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。 A large quantity of books were donated to the children in poor area. 大量的书籍捐赠给了贫困地区的孩子。 Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. 大量的沙子被雨水冲下了山坡。 （八）“分类词+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与分类词的数保持一致。常用的分类词有：sort, kind, form, piece, portion, series, species, section, type等。 【例】This kind of competition is not what we want. 这种竞争并不是我们想要的。 All kinds of flowers blossom in spring. 各种各样的花儿在春天绽放。 （九）不定式（短语）动名词（短语）“疑问词/whether+不定式（短语）”和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。从句作主语时，若主句为系表结构，句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。 【例】Reading without comprehension is not good for improving one’s study. 只阅读不理解对促进一个人的学习没有好处。 How to deal with the matter is still under discussion. 如何处理这件事仍在讨论中。 Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来与不来并不是很重要。 What they need is not money. What they need are good teachers. 他们需要的不是钱。他们需要的是好老师。 二、“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构 从句一般是修饰复数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式；而one之前有the, the only, the mere, the very等修饰时，从句一般是修饰one的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。 【例】Jeff is one of the journalists that were awarded a prize at that time. 杰夫是当时获奖的新闻记者之一。 Jeff is the only one of the journalists that was awarded a prize at that time. 杰夫是当时唯一获奖的新闻记者。 第二节 就近/就远原则 一、就近原则 顾名思义，就是谓语动词与最近的名词保持一致。 （一）由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。 【例】Either he or I am wrong.不是他错，就是我错。 Mary or you are to blame for the fault.要么玛丽要么你该为这个错误负责。 Either you or he is going to Paris. Only one person may go there. 要么你，要么他去巴黎。只有一个人可以去那里。 Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. 不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听音乐。 （二）there be句型的谓语动词的单、复数形式应与离其最近的主语保持一致。 【例】There is one girl and ten boys in our class. 我们班上只有一个女孩和十个男孩。 There are ten boys and one girl in our class. 我们班上有十个男孩和一个女孩。 二、就远原则 主语后跟as well as, as much as, along with, together with, with, including, followed by, in addition to, like, unlike, except, but, besides, no less than, rather than, accompanied by, instead of, more than等引出的短语时，谓语动词的形式应与前面主语的人称和数保持一致，即遵循“就远原则”。 【例】The girl, together with her friends , is going to have a picnic this weekend. 这个周末那个女孩儿和她的朋友将要去野餐。 The Greens with Tom are driving to attend the party. 格林夫妇和汤姆一起开车去参加这个聚会。 第三节 概念/意义一致原则 意义一致则是要看主语的内容或者意义表达的是单数意思还是复数意思。 一、集体名词作主语时，若强调整体则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体则谓语动词用复数。常见这类名词有committee, family, group, class, army, enemy等。 【例】The police have caught the thieves.警察抓住了盗贼。 My family are my wealth.我的家人们是我的财富。 My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。 【注意】单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，视其意义而定。 二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的词语作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 【例】Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.对我来说，十五英里似乎是一段很长的路。 Ten days is enough.十天足够了。 Twenty dollars is too much for this old coin.这枚古币不值20美元。 ►知识巩固 一、单项选择 1.The students as well as the teacher ________ football every Sunday. A.plays B.play C.playing D.to play 2.Look! There ______ some pencils on the table. A.are B.is C.was D.were 3.Either you or your sister ________ because one of you must stay at home. A.go B.goes C.going D.to go 4.There________some milk,some eggs and a few apples on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have 5.Either you or he ________ a shower first. A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes 6.Not only she but also I ______ interested in Maths. A.is B.are C.am D.be 7.Every means _____________ tried but without any result. A.have been B.has been C.are to be D.is to be 8.________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and ________ them are women teachers. A.A number of; the number of B.A number of; a number of C.The number of; a number of D.The number of; the number of 9.The number of people invited________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons. A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were 10.Mark is the only one of the students that______a good command of public speaking skills in his class. A.had B.have C.has D.have had 11.Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A.are invited B.is invited C.were invited D.was invited 12.The musician along with his band members ______ ten performances in the last three months. A.have given B.will give C.gave D.has given 13.Happiness______when people manage to keep a balance between work and life. A.achieves B.achieve C.is achieved D.are achieved 14.Every boy and girl______reading this interesting storybook. A.like B.have liked C.likes D.liked 15.The man as well as his wife and children______on the sofa watching TV now. A.is sitting B.sit C.have sat D.are sitting 16.I don’t think you should focus on the result. What matters most now _______ not winning but participating. A.are B.were C.was D.is 二、语法填空 l.She also seemed to know when people __________(be) upset. 2.Saving money __________(be) what you need to start several months before you move out. 3.Mr Baker is one of the old scientists who __________(care) little about personal income and fame. 4.Not only Mr Green but also his family _________(be) fond of music. 5. Either Tom or I __________(be) to be in charge of this trip. 6.One third of the population of the town __________(be) music lovers. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$