2025年中考英语复习讲义 状语从句

知识梳理 在主从复合句的主句中充当状语的从句叫作状语从句,起副词的作用。状语从句按其功能可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步九种。状语从句在主从复合句中的位置比较灵活,可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。状语从句前置时,从句与主句一般用逗号隔开;后置时,从句与主句之间可以不用逗号。 从句分类 连接词 例句 时间 when/ while/ as, before, after, since, until, as soon as(一 就 ) 在时间状语从句里,主句用将来时态时,从句通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。(主将从现) I was doing my homework when the phone rang.电话响的时候我正在做家庭作业。 I will tell him everything when he comes back.他回来时我会告诉他一切事情。 地点 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere... Go wherever you like. 去你想去的地方。 原因 because, as, for, since, now that(由于,既然) He didn’t pass the exam because he was addicted to computer games. 他没有通过考试,因为他沉迷于电脑游戏。 让步 although, though, even though, as(倒装), no matter, while(位于句首) Although it was very cold outside, she was still wearing a skirt. 虽然外面很冷,但她还是穿着裙子。 条件 if, unless, in case that, only if, as long as 在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。(主将从现) They will go hiking if they are free. 如果他们有空的话,他们会去远足。 结果 so that, so/ such...that... It was so hot that many people went swimming in the sea. 天气太热了,许多人去海里游泳。 目的 so that, in order that, lest, in case... Please speak slowly so that we can follow your thoughts. 请慢慢说,这样我们才能跟随你的想法。 比较 than, as...as... She is as quiet as her mother. 她和她母亲一样安静。 方式 as, as if, how, the way... We must do as the Party tells us. 我们必须遵从党的指导。 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常由下列连词引导: when(当 时), while(当 的时候), whenever(每当), as(当 时,随着), before(在 以前), after(在 以后), since(自 以来,从 以后), as soon as(一 就 ), no sooner...than.../hardly...when...(刚 就 ), once(一旦 就), till/until(直到 为止), not...until...(直到 才 ), instantly/immediately/directly(一 就 )。 【例】I met a person who had a deep influence on my life when I came here. 我来到这里时,遇见了一个对我的人生影响深远的人。 John has been living in poor circumstances since he lost his job. 自失业以来,约翰一直生活贫困。 易混辨析 (1)when, while和as引导时间状语从句的用法和区别: when 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。 作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,常用于be about to do...when,be doing...when,had just done...when,be on the point of doing...when等结构中。 while 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,强调一段时间,从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。 表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。 while作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。 as 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边 ,一边 ;随着 ”,从句谓语一般为延续性动词。 【例】When we handed him the bag of food, he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes. 当我们递给他那包食物时,他对我们表示感谢,脸上露出喜色,眼睛也湿润了。 My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor when/while I was packing them up. 我的唯一过错是当我打包时掉在了地上一些。 One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 一个周五,我们正在打包动身去过周末,就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。 (2) before常用于“It will/would(not)be+一段时间+before…”句型中,肯定形式表示“要过 才 ”;否定形式表示“过不了 就 ”。before还可用于以下句型:It was not long before...(没过多久就 ),It was long before...(过了很久才 ),It will not be long before...(过不了多久就 ),It will be long before. (要过很久才 )。 【例】It will be two hours before the meeting ends. 这场会议要过两个小时才会结束。 It was long before I knew the truth. 过了很久我才知道真相。 (3) till/until引导时间状语从句时,若主句为肯定句,主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且主句所表示的动作或状态一直延续到从句所表示的动作发生为止;若主句为否定句,主句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词,表示在特定时刻动作的转变。 【例】He waited till/until she arrived at the cafe. 他一直等到她到达咖啡馆。 I did not begin to work till/until he left. 直到他离开,我才开始工作。 He did not know the truth till/until Mary told him. 直到玛丽告诉他,他才知道真相 (4)一些表示时间的名词词组,如the moment/the minute/the instant(一 就 ), the day(这天,那天), the year(这年,那年), each time/every time(每次), next time(下次), the first time(第一次)等,也可以用来引导时间状语从句,这时它们起连词的作用。此外,短语by the time(到 的时候)也可以起连词的作用,引导时间状语从句。 【例】The minute my head touched the pillow I fell asleep. 头一碰到枕头,我就睡着了。 Don’t complain to me every time something goes wrong. 不要一有问题就向我抱怨。 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由下列连词引导:where(在 的地方)wherever(在任何地方), everywhere(在每个地方), anywhere(任何 的地方)。 【例】He makes it a rule to leave things where he can find them again. 他习惯把物品放置到他能再次找到它们的地方。 The circus was warmly welcomed everywhere it went. 马戏团走到每个地方都会受到热烈欢迎。 【注意】where引导状语从句和定语从句 where引导的地点状语从句,直接修饰主句谓语动词,没有表示地点的先行词; where引导的定语从句要跟在表示地点的先行词后面,且where在从句中作地点状语。 【例】This is the place where I lost my key. 这就是我丢钥匙的地方。(定语从句) I found the keys where I lost them. 我在丢失钥匙的地方找到了钥匙。(状语从句) where引导定语从句,前面的名词一定是表示地点的名词,而引导状语从句,前面通常没有地点名词。 三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由下列连词引导:because(因为), as(因为), since(既然,由于), in that(原因是,因为), now that(既然), not that...but that...(不是 而是 ) 【例】Because it rained outside, I didn’t go to visit him. 因为外面下雨了,我没有去拜访他。 As the weather was very fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 因为天气很好,我们决定去爬山。 Since you say so, I suppose it is true. 既然你这么说,我想这是真的。 Now that our job has been done we should leave here. 既然我们的工作做完了,我们应该离开这里。 【注意】because, since, as, for四个词均可表示原因,在语气上由强至弱依次为:because, since, as, for。 用法上有以下区别: (1)because引导的从句多位于主句之后,表示直接的原因或理由,强调产生某种结果的必然因果关系,在回答由why引出的问句时,必须用because作答。 【例】He didn’t go to school, because he was ill. 他没去上学,因为他生病了。 (2)since与as引导的从句多位于句首,since表示较明显的或对方已知的原因,常指一种间接或附带的原因,意为“既然”,而as不表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,意为“因为,由于”。 【例】Since you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else. 既然你回答不了,也许我们应该问问别人。 As it was getting late, I turned around to go home. 因为天越来越晚,我便掉头回家了。 (3)for后跟的句子一般放在句尾,其前常用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述事实或看法的补充说明。 【例】There may be nobody in the classroom, for the light is off. 教室里可能没有人,因为灯是关着的。 四、目的状语从句 目的状语从句通常由下列连词引导:so that(为了,以便), in order that(为了,以便), lest(以免,唯恐), for fear (that)(唯恐,以免), in case(以防)。 【例】I am studying hard so that/in order that I can go to a famous university. 为了能上一所名牌大学,我正在努力学习。 He emphasized this point again and again, lest/for fear (that) she should forget. 他反复强调这一点,免得她忘了。 I like to keep a few envelopes in hand in case I need them. 我喜欢在手头留存一些信封,以备不时之需。 五、结果状语从句 关联短语或结构 意义 例句 so that 结果 He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish his work in time. 他没有把时间计划好,所以没能及时完成工作。 so+形容词/副词+that从句 如此 以至于 Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him. 小明很聪明,他所有的老师都喜欢他。 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it. 它是如此美丽的风景,许多人看起来迷失在其中。 so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 罐子里的水太少了,不够我们所有人喝。 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得太匆忙了,以至于忘了锁门。 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 它们是如此有趣的书,我想再读一遍。 【注意】当名词前有few, many, little(little意为“小的”时除外),much等词修饰时,必须用so,而不能用such。 【例】It is so difficult a task that they can’t handle it by themselves. 这项任务太难了,他们自己处理不了。 The knot was fastened in such a complex way that nobody could untie it. 那个结系得很复杂,没人能解开。 There are such interesting books that the boy can’t look away from them. 有这么有趣的书,以至这个男孩儿无法从书上移开眼睛。 He earned so little money that he couldn’t afford the house. 他赚的钱如此少,以至他买不起房子。 六、条件状语从句 (一)引导条件状语从句的连词:if, unless, so (as) long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing/ suppose (that), provided/providing。 (二)“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 (三)条件状语从句中一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。 【例】She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves. 她说如果生意还没有起色的话,她就不得不把店关掉。 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast. 你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不开太快。 Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 学生一旦决定上哪所大学,他们就应该了解一下入学手续。 七、比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾,常用than, as... as..., not as/so...as等引导。 (一)than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。 【例】It’s easier than I thought.比我想象的要简单。 I sing better than he does. = He doesn’t sing as well as I do. 我唱得比他好。=他唱得不如我好。 (二)as... as...表示“前者与后者一样 ”,not as/so... as...表示“前者不如后者 ”,形容词和副词均用原级。 常用于以下句型: as+adj. /adv. +as as+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+as as+many/few+可数名词复数+as as+much/little+不可数名词+as 【例】I have as good a sister as you have. 我有一个和你一样好的妹妹。 I’m not as considerate as so many people seem to think. 我不像很多人想的那么体贴。 They are having almost as much unemployment as we are. 他们的失业率几乎和我们一样高。 八、方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由下列连词引导:as(按照), (just)as...so...(正如 一样, 也 ), as if/ as though(好像), the way(像 那样,用 的方法)。 【例】Just as the French enjoy wine, so the British enjoy beer. 正如法国人喜欢葡萄酒一样,英国人也喜欢啤酒。 David said nothing,but simply nodded, as if/as though he understood completely. 大卫什么也没说,只是点点头,好像他完全理解了。 九、让步状语从句 (一)although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句 1. although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。 2. although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet,still连用。 3. though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。 4. while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。 【例】While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. 尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试,但是我从未想到会得A。 Although the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. 虽然这份工作要花大量的时间,但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。 Happy as they were, there was something missing. 尽管他们快乐,但总缺少什么。 I’ve a bit of cold. It is nothing much, though. 我有点感冒,不过不太严重。 (二)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 【例】He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to. 他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。 (三)“no matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”;whether...or...(不管 还是 )引导的让步状语从句 1. “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句时,可转化成“疑问词+ever”。 2. whenever,wherever还可分别引导时间和地点状语从句。 【例】It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说,孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 无论你多么努力,如果不减少饮食,那么减肥是很难做到的。 Don’t trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么,不要相信他。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你相信与否,那都是真的。 知识巩固 一、单项选择 1.They lost their way in the forest, and_made matters worse was that night began to fall. A.that B.it C.what D.which 2.It remains to be seen_the new technique will do us harm or good. A.what B.whether C.which D.that 3.I asked him_get the tickets for the New Year Evening Party. A.what could we B.what we could C.how could we D.how we could 4.The reason why Tom looked so angry was_with his younger sister this morning. A.that he quarreled B.because he quarreled C.that he quarrels D.because his quarreling 5.I’ve come from Mr.Black with a message_he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. A.whether B.if C.which D.that 6.In China, parents always do everything_they can to raise their children. A.which B.what C.that D.who 7.The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is one of the best TV series _have won the Emmy Awards. A.which B.what C.that D.where 8.The artist_the judge gave a prize is the teacher_I have been taught painting for two years. A.from whom; by whom B.from whom; who C.to whom; by whom D.to whom; who 9.The area_the explosion occurred was closed off by the police. A.that B.which C.where D.why 10.I had an unforgettable experience several years ago, _taught me something I could never forget. A.this B.that C.what D.which 11.A lot of language learning, _has been discovered, happens in the first year of life. A.as B.it C.which D.this 12.He’s been working in a bank_he left school. A.since B.after C.before D.when 13.He wrote down Jack’s address _he can remember it. A.as if B.if C.so that D.unless 14._the rain continues, we’ll have to change tonight’s plan. A.After B.Before C.So that D.If 15._cold it is, she always goes swimming. A.No matter however B.However C.Whatever D.How 16._he went, he carried a notebook with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. A.Whichever B.Whatever C.However D.Wherever 17.The news _ banks will charge higher interest comes out in today’s TV report. A.which B.whether C.what D.that 18._ is not known yet. A.Although he is serious about it B.No matter how we will do the task C.Whether we will go outing or not D.Unless they come to see us 19.Can you tell me _ that makes people love this city so much? A.it is what B.what it is C.what is it D.is it what 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$