内容正文:
第一节 表示地点
一、介词at
表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点、出入口等,用at。
We live at No. 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路87号。
The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。
at the bus stop在公交站 at the airport在机场
at the cinema在电影院 at the supermarket在超市
at my sisters在我姐姐家 at the doctors在医务室
二、介词in
表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in,或表示“在······范围之内”。
【例】Who is in the bedroom? 卧室里是谁?
He lives in Chicago with his wife. 他和他妻子住在芝加哥。
The meeting was held at/in the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。
【注意】at和in可换用,但相对来说,at指较小的地方,而in指较大的地方。
in Shanghai在上海 at the station在车站
in China在中国 at the zoo在动物园
in the river在河中 at home在家
三、介词on
表示附着在表面上或覆盖等,表示接触的面上、边上、线上,用on。
【例】What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?
There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
【注意】介词on用在固定搭配中:
1. on the tree多指树本身之物在树上,而in the tree多指树外之物在树上。
【例】There are many mangoes on the tree.树上长了很多芒果。
There is a boy and a girl sitting in the tree.树上坐着一个男孩和一个女孩。
2. on the bed指物体放在床上,而in bed多指人在床上睡觉。
【例】Don’t put your socks on the bed.别把你的袜子放在床上。
She is in bed, don’t disturb her.她在睡觉,别打扰她。
四、其他表示方位的介词(短语)辨析
(一)表示“前后”的介词(短语)。
介词/介词短语
含义
例句
in front of
在某一空间外部的前面
He stands in front of the house.他站在那座房子前。
in the front of
在某一空间内部的前面
He stands in the front of the classroom.他站在教室前。
behind
在某一空间外部的后面
He stands behind the door.他站在门后。
at the back of
在某一空间内部的后面
He stands at the back of the classroom.他站在教室后面。
(二)表示“上下”的介词。
介词
含义
例句
on
在······上面(两者有接触)
Put it on the table.把它放在桌子上。
+楼层
His company is on the third floor of this building.
他的公司在这座楼的三层。
over
在······正上方(两者不接触)
There is a bridge over the river.河上面有座桥。
under
在······正下方(两者不接触)
There is a cat under the desk.在桌子正下方有一只猫。
above
在······上方(两者不接触)
He lifted his hands above his head.他将双手举过头顶。
below
在······下方
The fish is below the surface of the water.鱼在水下。
温度/海平面下
The temperature here stays below 0 degrees all year round.
这里的温度常年在0℃以下。
(三)表示“在······之间”的介词。
介词
含义
例句
between
在两者之间(常与and连用)
C is between A and B. C在A和B之间。
among
在······之中(三者或以上)
A is very different among these pictures.
A在这些图片中显得很不一样。
(四)表示“穿过”的介词。
介词
含义
例句
across
表面横过;从一边到另一边
Be careful while you are walking across the street.
当你过马路的时候,要小心。
through
内部穿过
Water flows through the pipe.水从水管中流过。
past
侧面经过
Don’t forget to call me when you walk past my house.
当你经过我家的时候,不要忘记打电话给我。
第二节 表示时间
一、介词at
表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其他的习惯用法中要用at。
短暂时间:at dawn/daybreak/noon/night/midnight...
钟点:at six o’clock/half past seven/a quarter to nine...
年龄:at the age of twenty...
【注意】某些固定搭配中也用at
at that time在那时 at first首先
at once立刻、马上 at the end of结束时
at the moment这时、此刻 at last=in the end最后
at/on (the) weekends在周末 at the beginning of开始时
二、介词in
表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词in。
年:in 1987/2005/2019...
月:in January/February/March...
年月:in October 1987/September 1986...
季节:in spring/summer/autumn/winter...
周:in the 1st week/the 2nd week/the 3rd week...
早午晚:in the morning/the afternoon/the evening/the day...
【注意】将来时态用in,表“以后”。
【例】They will come back in 20 days.他们将20天以后回来。
I’ll come round in a day or two.我一两天就回来。
三、介词on
表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词on。
月日:on Feb. 14th/Apr. 1st/Oct. 1st...
年月日:on Oct. 15th, 1987...
某日的早午晩:on the morning/the afternoon/the evening of Friday...
星期:on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday...
节日:on New Years Day/on my birthday...
四、介词for
表示持续一段时间用介词“for+时间段”。
【例】He has been here for two weeks. 他已经来这儿两周了。
I have been studying literature for the past three years. 过去的三年中,我一直在学习文学。
第三节 表示“除······之外”
介词
含义
例句
but
除······之外,常与表示否定意义的词连用
We’ve had nothing but trouble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
except
除······之外,除去except后的人或事物
We all went to the Great Wall except Li Ming.
除了李明,我们都去了长城。
besides
除······之外,还有······,加上除外的人或事物
He had other people to take care of besides me.
除了我,他还有其他人需要照顾。
第四节 表示方式及其他常见用法
一、常见用法
in的
常见用法
用在表示阳光、灯、影的词汇前面,表示“在”。
Don’t read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree.
他们坐在树荫下乘凉。
用在衣帽前面,表示“穿着”;“in+颜色”表示“穿着······颜色的衣服”。
The poor dressed in rags in old society.
旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛。
The woman in white(black, red, yellow)is my aunt.
穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的女人是我阿姨。
用在表示语言、材料、单位的词前,表示手段、方式,意为“用”。
I really can’t express my idea in English freely.
我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。
I wrote a novel in Russian.
我用俄语写了一本小说。
with与by可表示
手段、方式
with后常接有形的、具体的事物。
The workers are paving a road with stone.
工人们正用石子铺路。
rub with a towel用毛巾擦
measure with a stop watch用秒表计量
cool with air用空气冷却
wash with soap用肥皂清洗
by后通常接无形的、抽象的事物,表示“凭借”。
These baskets are made by hand.
这些篮子是手工做的。
Translation is paid by the word.
译稿是以字数计酬的。
They sell the cloth by the yard. 他们按码售布。
by后也可接交通工具或电话、信件等词,表示“凭借”。
She told me the good news by phone.
她打电话把这个好消息告诉我。
on的
常见用法
用在食物、金钱等词前面,表示“凭借,依靠”。
The people in the south live on rice while those in the north live on noodles.
南方人的主食是大米而北方人的主食为面食。
用在话题、理论等词前面,表示“关于”。
This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.
今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
on还可以用在以下词的前面:着火、罢工、出售、公事、假期、故意、支付。
The house next to mine was on fire.
我邻居的房子着火了。
Grapes and big water melons from Xingjiang are on sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜上市了。
I’ve come here on business. 我是有公事来的。
二、其他考法
(一)英语考试中常考查一些常见的介词短语,考生要在平常学习中多加积累和记忆。
介词短语是指由介词后跟宾语构成的短语。其构成形式主要有以下几种:
1.介词+名词(短语);2.介词+代词;3.介词+动名词(短语)。
介词短语在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补足语等。
【例】A kind person never laughs at others when they are in trouble.
善良的人永远不会在别人处于困境时嘲笑他们。
Knowledge is a treasure house, but practice is the key to it.
知识是一座宝库,而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。
(二)时间状语前介词的省略:
1.在含有this, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等的时间状语前,介词常省略。
【例】Why didn’t you go to school this morning? 今天早上你为什么没去上学?
He stayed with us last week. 上周他和我们在一起。
2.当时间状语是today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow等时,不用介词。
【例】I shall see him today.我今天要去看他。
She had her operation the day before yesterday.她前天动了手术。
(三)在含有one, any, each, every, some, all等的时间状语之前,不用介词。
【例】You can come any day. 你随便哪天来都行。
I was ill all summer. 我病了一个夏天。
►知识巩固
一、单项选择
1.They know that these designs are more popular______office ladies.
A.off B.at C.for D.with
2.The house is well decorated _____ the disarrangement of a few photos.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. in addition to
3.He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. despite of B. in spite of C. regardless of D. in case of
4.Typhoon happened in some Asian countries ______ July, 2012.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
5.Story books ______ animals are very popular among young kids.
A. about B. by C. at D. down
6.Would you please answer the questions ______ English?
A. at B. for C. in D. to
7.This question is ______ my ability.
A. beyond B. in C. beside D. with
8.She was busy ______ her homework.
A. with B. at C. for D. to
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$