Unit4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering useful structures attributive clause 1 形容词 名词 介词短语 一定语 非谓语动词 从句 (定语从句） She is a beautiful girl. Amy is a woman teacher. The girl in red is my sister. I have something to say. The boy making face is my son. Japan is a developed country. I like people who smiles a lot. 1定义：修饰名词或代词，常译为“的” 2什么可以做定语 1.定语 从句 定义 结构 定语从句 二定语从句 关系词 修饰名词或代词的句子 先行词 关系词 被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系代词 关系副词 who whom that which whose as when where why eg. This is the car which he bought last year. I showed him the letter. I received it this morning. 我展示给他我今天早上收到的信。 Do you know the man who spoke just now? Do you know the man? He spoke just now. 你知道刚刚讲话的男人吗？ I have read the newspaper (which) carries the important news. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. 我已经读过带有重要新闻的报纸了。 2.合句子 关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词； 3.在从句中担任某一句子成分。 ① ② ③ 3.划分定语从句 方法：先找关系词-前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前 There is a girl who wants to see you. The old man whom you saw yesterday is a thinker（思想家）. ①which 在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略,指物。  They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.  The fish which we bought were not fresh. 主语；指物 宾语；指物 4.关系代词 ②that 在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，指人或物。  A plane is a machine that can fly. 作主语；指物  The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 作宾语；指人 ③who在从句中作主语和宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语,两者作宾语时可省略；都指人。  The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 主语；指人  The person (whom / who) you just talked to is Mr Li. 宾语；指人 ④whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”  This is the boy whose composition（作文） the teacher talked of.  This is the book whose cover is blue. 定语；指人 定语；指物 Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom =of +which/whom+the+ n e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. 关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 who whom which that whose                  as is known to all 众所周知  as you know 正如你所知道的那样  as is expected 正如所预料的那样  as we expected 正如我们所期待的  as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的  as is reported / said 正如报道 / 所说的那样 ⑤as 常见搭配 as anybody can see正如任何人看到的那样 as we all know众所周知 as has been announced正如已经宣布的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 (1)下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用which： ①先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时。 e.g. Everything that we saw in this film was true. ②先行词为all, every, no, some, any, little, much等词或被这些词修饰时。 e.g. I’ve read all the books that you lend me. ③先行词为序数词或形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 e.g. Shanghai is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. 5.特殊情况 ④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 e.g. This is the only problem that remains to be settled. These articles are the very ones that should be read. ⑤先行词既有人又有物 e.g. They often talk about the people and the things that they like most. ①关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语 Those are many trees under which they can have a rest. ②在非限制性定语从句中 Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world. (2) 一般用which而不用that ①先行词是one，the one, ones , anyone , those等代词 Those who respect others are usually respected by others. ②在非限制性定语从句中 Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook. (3)指人一般用who而不用that Fill in the blanks 1. This is all __________ I know about the accident. 2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work. 3. You must watch everything carefully __________ the teacher does in class. 4. This is one of the most exciting football games __________ I have ever seen. 5. I saw a desk on __________ there was a book. 6. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind. 7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people __________ he had visited. 8. This is the very film _______ I've long wished to see. 9.The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect. that that that that which that that that which 【巩固练习】1. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that. 1) The man ________________ I saw told me to wait. 2) Look at the boy and his dog _________ are coming this way. 3) Tom is the first boy _________ left the room. 4) He saw a house _________ windows were all broken. 5) You can read any book _________ I have. 6) Do you like the present __________ I bought you yesterday. 7) The storybook __________ was written by his uncle was quite interesting. 8) Thy boy________ computer doesn’t work well needs your help. 9) This is the best movie __________ we have seen this year. 10) The doctor ________________ we met in the street is from America. 11) The passengers and the suitcase_________ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. whom/who/that that that whose that which/that which/that whose that who/whom/that that 6.关系副词 ①当先行词为表示时间的名词(如：day, time, week, month, year等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，定语从句用when引导。 I can never forget the day when I first saw you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。 ②当先行词为表示具体地点的名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child. 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。 where 还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如position(位置,境地), stage(阶段), situation(环境), case(情况), occasion(场合)，activity, point(地步), atmosphere(氛围)，spot(地点)， field（领域）等。 The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。 ③当先行词为表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语， 定语从句用why引导。 Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。 关系副词 先行词 在从句中作成分 相当于 where when why 地点名词 地点状语 时间名词 时间状语 reason 原因状语 in, at等介词+which at, in, on, during等介词+which for+which 单句语法填空 1．We visited the house ________ the famous scientist once lived. 2．The photo reminded me of the days ________ I played hide－ and－seek with my brother and I stayed for six years. 3．It was a period ________ they had discussion very frequently. 4．The problem has come to a point ________ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement. where when when where This is the reason ___________ he went. The reason _________ he gave us was quite reasonable. 7.when, where, why 与 that, which 的区分 先行词在从句中作状语时用when，where或why 先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，要用which或that This is the place _________we visited last year. This is the place _______ he works. That was the time _________ he arrived. Do you still remember the time _________ we spent together? which/that where when that/which why/for which that/which 即学即练 （1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year. （3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets. A B B where B. which C. whom D. whose 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分； 1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory.因此选which 2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。 3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factory produces all kinds …不作地点状语，因此选which 8.“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词 + 关系代词=关系副词 (1)关系代词的确定 ①当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句： Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking? ②当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句： This is the room in ___________ my grandmother used to live. whom which (2)介词的确定 ①根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone. on which on which with which (on the day 在那天) (on the farm 在农场) (with the money 用钱) ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10? 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10? 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. on which for which for which ③根据句子的意思来确定 Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 without with ④表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词 “of” He has two sons, _____________ graduated from Peking University. 他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。 2) Tom wrote many children’s books, nearly _____________ were about campus culture. 汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。 both of whom half of which 即学即练 用介词 ＋ 关系代词填空。 1. Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands? 2. China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud. 3. This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games. 4. This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly. 5. Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club? with whom of which under which without which on which 9.做题技巧 识别定语从句 找先行词，划分主从句 把先行词插入到从句中 判断插入部分：是缺主语宾语、定语，还是缺状语 依据先行词，正确选用 解题步骤 识 找 插 判 选 This is the college ________________I visited three years ago. 先行词 定语从句 the college 在从句充当宾语，用关系代词 先行词指物，作宾语，用that/which/不填 This is the college ________________I studied three years ago. 先行词 定语从句 in the college 在从句充当地点状语用关系副词 先行词指地点，作状语，用where/in which 10. Summary $$