Unit 1 Food for Thought（提高练）--2024-2025学年高一英语40分钟限时训练（外研版2019必修第二册）

Unit 1 Food for Thought (提高练) —2024-2025学年高一英语40分钟限时训练（外研版2019必修第二册） 1、 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A（24-25高一上海黄埔阶段练习） Experiment with Our Food Want to cook up a delicious meal? It’s not just about the food. We chat to psychologist Prof. Charles Spence about the strange science of gastrophysics. What exactly is gastrophystcs? It’s a combination of ‘gastronomy (美食学)’ and ‘psychophysics’, which involves the scientific study of how our experience of food and drink is affected by our senses and our surroundings, not just the food itself. It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians. So what kinds of things can affect our sense of taste? Pretty much everything! From the colour and shape of the plates to the weight and material of the cutlery (餐具), through to the shape of the table and the feel of the chair you’re sitting on. Then there’s the number of people you’re with, the mood you’re in, the lighting and background music in the restaurant, and memories associated with the food. When you put all these factors together, it adds up a lot. What’s the most surprising way in which our taste can be influenced? It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food. You can add as much as 15 per cent extra sweetness, sourness, or bitterness to a food simply by playing the right sort of music. We’ve created music to enhance sweetness and bitterness, and we also have music for sour, and spicy foods. Working with the Michelin-starred chocolatier Dominique Persoone in Belgium, we even showed that if we played ‘creamy’ music in his stores we could add extra creaminess to his chocolate. Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food. What’s the most innovative use of gastrophysics you’ve seen? There’s a lot happening in the world of cutlery design. Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant The Fat Duck is currently serving a dish called Counting Sheep, which comes with a fluffy (毛茸茸的), weighted spoon that smells of baby powder, designed to enhance the eating experience. We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality. 1．Which of the following statements is true of gastrophysics? A．It covers different subjects. B．It neglects food to some extent. C．It has been in existence for long. D．It is created by a psychophysicist. 2．According to Charles Spence, how can sonic seasoning be used to do good to our health? A．Helping us to be more resistant to the temptation to eat unhealthy food. B．Playing some music to make us feel our food is sweeter than it really is. C．Making experiments with mice to find out what food benefits our health. D．Training human brains to associate certain sounds with a particular flavour. 3．Which of the following examples best illustrates the use of gastrophysics? A．A restaurant hires a psychologist to design its layout. B．A restaurant varies the sweetness of its food. C．A restaurant uses heavier plates to serve food. D．A restaurant asks its customers for suggestions. B（24-25高一四川南充阶段练习） Food is key to our daily functions by fueling our activity and supporting our bodies and minds. In space, where astronauts face extreme environmental and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious and energy- laden food is particularly vital to overall health. Space food must provide enough energy to fuel astronauts on their demanding missions, according to NASA．In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper nutrition can fight against the resulting degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D, K and C aid in synthesizing (合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up for dietary insufficiency. After decades of nutritional studies and food technology advancements, NASA has moved focus away from supplements and dietary formulas  (配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruits and vegetables as possible. However, it can be difficult to rely heavily on fruits and vegetables as a space food source because they don’t contain many calories. This poses an issue for spaceflight, where cargo (货物) room is precious. NASA can’t merely consider health when designing space food, though. The nutritional value of a meal only goes so far if it doesn’t appeal to astronauts. Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal. options to avoid menu fatigue (疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits.“ Food becomes more important with mission duration because it’s one of the only familiar things that they have, ” Douglas says. As space organizations look ahead to. long- duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grow n a variety of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie. Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home. 4．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of space food design. B．The challenges for astronauts in space. C．The general requirements for space food. D．The impact of microgravity on astronauts. 5．How do Douglas’s team enhance astronauts’ dining experience? A．They make food look appealing. B．They rearrange the menu schedule. C．They provide multiple food choices. D．They conduct taste tests on astronauts. 6．What can astronauts expect from Veggie? A．A supplement to the oxygen supply. B．Supply of psychological comfort C．Enhancement of the nutritional quality. D．An improvement in communication with Earth. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do astronauts eat in space? B．What makes space food so special? C．What space food will we have in the future? D．How do scientists build the best diet for astronauts? 第二节 七选五 （24-25高一河南阶段练习） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Usually, healthy diets (日常饮食) and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports. 1 Here are some advantages of healthy eating. * You’ll feel alive and have more energy. Healthy eating isn’t just about keeping your body healthy, but also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy. 2 They can keep you full for longer, and turn you into an energetic person ready to take on the world, or a least go dancing once in a while! * 3 When you start eating healthy food, your body learns to act. This keeps you away from seasonal colds, and even if you catch a flu by accident, it won’t cause as much harm, and you’ll overcome it more easily. *A happier mood (心情) becomes your everyday mood. 4 Sugar levels can raise or lower your mood, but proper blood sugar keeps you balanced (平衡的). If you don’t take in enough nutrition (营养), you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well. * The skin will regrow faster, and you’ll look younger. Unluckily, your skin really does show what you eat, drink, or smoke. Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices. 5 A．You will never be ill. B．Illnesses and colds are a thing of the past. C．The longer you keep your body healthy, the longer you will live. D．But a healthy diet will make you look younger than you really are. E．Proper nutrition means that your body has enough energy to go every day. F．Adding vegetables and whole foods to your meals will increase your energy levels. G．But you will change your opinions by learning what good proper meals and exercise do to you. 2、 完形填空（23-24高一上海期中考试） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In recent years breakfast cereals (谷物) seem to have lost their appeal. Many contain things that 1 consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain. Add to this a rising 2 for big brands and adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales. The market for “ready-to-eat” cereals shrank by 9% in America between 2012 and 2015, according to Euromonitor, a data firm. In Britain, the second-biggest cereal market, sales fell by 6%. Now, the manufacturers are boasting a(n) 3 . On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. But it will take hard work to make breakfast’s business 4 again. Cereal firms have tried many ways to cope with customer’s 5 appetites. They have 6 . Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes. Some firms have 7 trendier brands, with mixed results. After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000, many of its loyal customers 8 . Kellogg is now trying to win them back, returning Kashi’s headquarters to California. A new Kashi cereal features popped sorghum （高粱）, crispy yellow peas and smashed red beans. Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to 9 all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023. Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline — it is too 10 for them. Jim Holbrook, who led Post’s cereal business and is now boss of Daymon Worldwide, a retail consultant, says grocers might 11 sales by placing milk or bananas alongside cereal. For now, cereal-makers can take 12 that at least some brands are still popular. Sales of Kellogg’s Froot Loops and General Mills’ Cinnamon Toast Crunch have 13 in recent years, points out Alexia Howard of Sanford C． Bernstein, a research firm, even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing. 14 shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans. But cereal’s most 15 customers are those who don’t mind heaps of sugar, or “red #40” food colouring, in their breakfast bowls. 1．A．anxious B．regular C．satisfied D．potential 2．A．demand B．standard C．reputation D．disrespect 3．A．continuity B．distinction C．turnaround D．equivalent 4．A．compete B．succeed C．protest D．refuse 5．A．shrinking B．promoted C．inexhaustible D．intellectual 6．A．declined B．regretted C．diversified D．patented 7．A．changed B．embarrassed C．acquired D．replaced 8．A．doubted B．fled C．ignored D．wandered 9．A．conceal B．receive C．remove D．expect 10．A．distant B．traditional C．mysterious D．profitable 11．A．boost B．review C．reject D．describe 12．A．responsibility B．comfort C．charge D．action 13．A．failed B．risen C．paused D．mattered 14．A．Warm-hearted B．Fun-loving C．Would-be D．Health-conscious 15．A．reliable B．wealthy C．famous D．intelligent 三、语法填空（24-25高一山东阶段练习） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Much of the information we have about early Chinese tea culture comes from The Classic of Tea, also known as Cha Ching, 1 (write) by Lu Yu, who was born in 733 AD in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, drinking tea was 2 nationwide tradition. Though at first tea drinking appeared in Southern China, during the mid-Tang Dynasty it started to gain 3 (popular) with Northern Chinese. When Lu Yu was young, he developed a great interest in tea. As he 4 (grow) up, he stayed in Huomen mountain, studying under the guidance of master Zou Fuzi. During this period, Lu Yu often went to the countryside 5 (gather) tea leaves. In one of those trips Lu Yu found the water from a spring was extremely clear and clean. When Lu Yu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted unexpectedly better 6 usual. From then on, Lu Yu realised the importance of quality water in 7 (make) tea. In Lu Yu’s later years, he concentrated 8 the research into tea and completed his masterpiece The Classic of Tea. The book contains three parts. The first part has three chapters (章), discussing tea and its production. The second one has one chapter, listing utensils (器皿) for production. And there are six chapters in the last part, 9 covers subjects from tea appreciation to old records. Perhaps of most historical value is the 10 (seven) chapter, recording incidents concerning tea over thousands of years, from legendary times to the Tang Dynasty. 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food for Thought (提高练) —2024-2025学年高一英语40分钟限时训练（外研版2019必修第二册） 参考答案 1、 阅读理解 第一节 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 第二节 1．G 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．D 2、 完形填空 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 三、语法填空 1．written 2．a 3．popularity 4．grew 5．to gather 6．than 7．making 8．on 9．which 10．seventh 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food for Thought (提高练) —2024-2025学年高一英语40分钟限时训练（外研版2019必修第二册） 1、 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A（24-25高一上海黄埔阶段练习） Experiment with Our Food Want to cook up a delicious meal? It’s not just about the food. We chat to psychologist Prof. Charles Spence about the strange science of gastrophysics. What exactly is gastrophystcs? It’s a combination of ‘gastronomy (美食学)’ and ‘psychophysics’, which involves the scientific study of how our experience of food and drink is affected by our senses and our surroundings, not just the food itself. It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians. So what kinds of things can affect our sense of taste? Pretty much everything! From the colour and shape of the plates to the weight and material of the cutlery (餐具), through to the shape of the table and the feel of the chair you’re sitting on. Then there’s the number of people you’re with, the mood you’re in, the lighting and background music in the restaurant, and memories associated with the food. When you put all these factors together, it adds up a lot. What’s the most surprising way in which our taste can be influenced? It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food. You can add as much as 15 per cent extra sweetness, sourness, or bitterness to a food simply by playing the right sort of music. We’ve created music to enhance sweetness and bitterness, and we also have music for sour, and spicy foods. Working with the Michelin-starred chocolatier Dominique Persoone in Belgium, we even showed that if we played ‘creamy’ music in his stores we could add extra creaminess to his chocolate. Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food. What’s the most innovative use of gastrophysics you’ve seen? There’s a lot happening in the world of cutlery design. Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant The Fat Duck is currently serving a dish called Counting Sheep, which comes with a fluffy (毛茸茸的), weighted spoon that smells of baby powder, designed to enhance the eating experience. We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality. 1．Which of the following statements is true of gastrophysics? A．It covers different subjects. B．It neglects food to some extent. C．It has been in existence for long. D．It is created by a psychophysicist. 2．According to Charles Spence, how can sonic seasoning be used to do good to our health? A．Helping us to be more resistant to the temptation to eat unhealthy food. B．Playing some music to make us feel our food is sweeter than it really is. C．Making experiments with mice to find out what food benefits our health. D．Training human brains to associate certain sounds with a particular flavour. 3．Which of the following examples best illustrates the use of gastrophysics? A．A restaurant hires a psychologist to design its layout. B．A restaurant varies the sweetness of its food. C．A restaurant uses heavier plates to serve food. D．A restaurant asks its customers for suggestions. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一门被称为“gastrophysics”的新兴学科，即美食物理学，通过研究心理学与物理学如何影响味觉体验。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketeers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians.”（这是一个很小但不断发展的研究领域，汇集了心理学家、神经科学家、市场营销者、厨师、产品设计师，甚至音乐家）可知，“gastrophysics”覆盖了不同的学科，A项正确。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food.”（这是“声音调味”的概念，即用声音来改变食物的味道。）和第五段“Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food.”（神经科学家已经在老鼠的大脑中发现了嗅觉和听觉之间的直接联系，所以这可能也发生在人类身上。声波调味料已经被用于高级餐厅的菜肴，但我们也可以看到它被用于有益健康，例如，播放“甜蜜”的音乐，这样我们就可以对食物中的糖分减少感到满意。）可知，根据查尔斯·斯宾塞的说法，声波调味帮助我们抵御不健康食品的诱惑。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality.”（我们发现，用较重的餐具吃起来味道更好——可能是因为我们把重量和质量联系在一起。）可知，使用较重的餐具可以改善食物的口味，这是gastrophysics的应用实例，故选C。 B（24-25高一四川南充阶段练习） Food is key to our daily functions by fueling our activity and supporting our bodies and minds. In space, where astronauts face extreme environmental and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious and energy- laden food is particularly vital to overall health. Space food must provide enough energy to fuel astronauts on their demanding missions, according to NASA．In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper nutrition can fight against the resulting degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D, K and C aid in synthesizing (合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up for dietary insufficiency. After decades of nutritional studies and food technology advancements, NASA has moved focus away from supplements and dietary formulas  (配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruits and vegetables as possible. However, it can be difficult to rely heavily on fruits and vegetables as a space food source because they don’t contain many calories. This poses an issue for spaceflight, where cargo (货物) room is precious. NASA can’t merely consider health when designing space food, though. The nutritional value of a meal only goes so far if it doesn’t appeal to astronauts. Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal. options to avoid menu fatigue (疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits.“ Food becomes more important with mission duration because it’s one of the only familiar things that they have, ” Douglas says. As space organizations look ahead to. long- duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grow n a variety of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie. Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home. 4．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of space food design. B．The challenges for astronauts in space. C．The general requirements for space food. D．The impact of microgravity on astronauts. 5．How do Douglas’s team enhance astronauts’ dining experience? A．They make food look appealing. B．They rearrange the menu schedule. C．They provide multiple food choices. D．They conduct taste tests on astronauts. 6．What can astronauts expect from Veggie? A．A supplement to the oxygen supply. B．Supply of psychological comfort C．Enhancement of the nutritional quality. D．An improvement in communication with Earth. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do astronauts eat in space? B．What makes space food so special? C．What space food will we have in the future? D．How do scientists build the best diet for astronauts? 【答案】4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空食品对于宇航员的重要性，包括在微重力环境下需要为宇航员提供足够能量、对抗骨骼和肌肉退化等，同时，提到了美国宇航局科学家们为宇航员打造最佳饮食所做的努力，如提供多种食物选择、研究在微重力下种植作物等，以实现为长期太空任务提供可持续食物来源的目标。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Space food must provide enough energy to fuel astronauts on their demanding missions, according to NASA. In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper nutrition can fight against the resulting degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D, K and C ai d in synthesizing(合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up for dietary insufficiency. (美国国家航空航天局表示，太空食品必须为宇航员执行艰巨任务提供足够的能量。在微重力环境中，适当的营养可以对抗由此导致的骨骼和肌肉退化。例如，维生素D、K和C有助于将钙合成到骨骼中。同时，铁、欧米伽-3脂肪酸和B12等膳食补充剂可以弥补饮食不足。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了太空食品必须为宇航员执行艰巨任务提供足够能量，在微重力环境下，适当的营养可以对抗骨骼和肌肉的退化，还列举了一些有助于合成钙以及补充营养的物质。这些内容体现了太空食品的一般要求，即提供足够能量、对抗微重力环境带来的不良影响等。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal. options to avoid menu fatigue(疲劳). (相反，美国国家航空航天局高级食品技术研究小组的首席科学家格蕾丝·道格拉斯和她的同事们旨在为宇航员提供多种膳食选择，以避免菜单疲劳。)”可知，Grace Douglas团队通过提供多种食物选择来增强宇航员的用餐体验。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home. (吃一片新鲜的绿叶蔬菜可以帮助宇航员感觉与他们称之为家的遥远的绿色星球联系在一起。)”可知，Veggie能为宇航员提供心理上的安慰。故选B项。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal. options to avoid menu fatigue(疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits. (相反，美国国家航空航天局高级食品技术研究小组的首席科学家格蕾丝·道格拉斯和她的同事们旨在为宇航员提供多种膳食选择，以避免菜单疲劳。这种多样性也提供了心理健康益处。)”及最后一段中“As space organizations look ahead to long-duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. (随着太空组织展望长期任务，打造一种不需要补给任务的可持续食物来源将是关键。为了实现这一目标，美国宇航局的科学家们正在研究在微重力下种植作物的最佳方法。)”可知，科学家在努力为宇航员构建可持续的最佳饮食，D项“How do scientists build the best diet for astronauts? (科学家如何为宇航员建立最佳饮食？)”最能概括全文，故选D项。 第二节 七选五 （24-25高一河南阶段练习） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Usually, healthy diets (日常饮食) and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports. 1 Here are some advantages of healthy eating. * You’ll feel alive and have more energy. Healthy eating isn’t just about keeping your body healthy, but also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy. 2 They can keep you full for longer, and turn you into an energetic person ready to take on the world, or a least go dancing once in a while! * 3 When you start eating healthy food, your body learns to act. This keeps you away from seasonal colds, and even if you catch a flu by accident, it won’t cause as much harm, and you’ll overcome it more easily. *A happier mood (心情) becomes your everyday mood. 4 Sugar levels can raise or lower your mood, but proper blood sugar keeps you balanced (平衡的). If you don’t take in enough nutrition (营养), you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well. * The skin will regrow faster, and you’ll look younger. Unluckily, your skin really does show what you eat, drink, or smoke. Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices. 5 A．You will never be ill. B．Illnesses and colds are a thing of the past. C．The longer you keep your body healthy, the longer you will live. D．But a healthy diet will make you look younger than you really are. E．Proper nutrition means that your body has enough energy to go every day. F．Adding vegetables and whole foods to your meals will increase your energy levels. G．But you will change your opinions by learning what good proper meals and exercise do to you. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述健康饮食的好处。 1．由上文“Usually, healthy diets (日常饮食) and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports.(通常，健康的饮食和健康的生活方式会让你充满恐惧，因为你会想象午餐吃一份简单的绿色沙拉和无数个小时的运动。)”可知，人们可能对健康的饮食和健康的生活方式充满恐惧，G项“But you will change your opinions by learning what good proper meals and exercise do to you.(但是，通过了解适当的饮食和锻炼对你有什么好处，你会改变你的看法。)”符合语境，其中but表示和上文是转折关系，change your opinions 中 opinions代指上文中的观点，所以有承上作用，并引出下文健康饮食的好处。故选G项。 2．由上文“Healthy eating isn’t just about keeping your body healthy, but also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy. (健康饮食不仅是为了保持身体健康，也是为了让你的身体将你吃的东西转化为能量。)”可知，这里主要讲把吃的东西转化成能量，F项Adding vegetables and whole foods to your meals will increase your energy levels.(在你的膳食中添加蔬菜和全食物会提高你的能量水平。)符合语境，其中energy levels与上文energy对应，vegetables and whole foods为下文they的指代内容，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选F项。 3．第三处空白是第三段的小标题，需要简洁明了地概括该段内容。由下文“When you start eating healthy food, your body learns to act. This keeps you away from seasonal colds, and even if you catch a flu by accident, it won’t cause as much harm, and you’ll overcome it more easily.(当你开始吃健康的食物时，你的身体会学会采取行动。这可以让你远离季节性感冒，即使你意外感染流感，也不会造成太大的伤害，而且你会更容易战胜它。)”可知，本段主要讲健康饮食可以让你远离感冒，少得病或者得的病不严重。所以B项“Illnesses and colds are a thing of the past.(生病和感冒已成为过去。)”正面陈述健康饮食对疾病的影响，符合语境，其中colds与下文“seasonal colds”对应，故B项适合作为本段的小标题。故选B项。 4．由下文“Sugar levels can raise or lower your mood, but proper blood sugar keeps you balanced (平衡的). If you don’t take in enough nutrition (营养), you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well.(血糖水平可以提高或降低你的情绪，但适当的血糖可以让你保持平衡。如果你没有摄入足够的营养，你会感到不快乐，所以选择更健康的食物会确保你的身体和大脑运转良好。)”可知，这里讲不足够的营养会让你不快乐，E项“Proper nutrition means that your body has enough energy to go every day.(适当的营养意味着你的身体每天都有足够的能量。)”符合语境，其中Proper nutrition与下文enough nutrition对应，有启下作用。故选E项。 5．由上文“Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices.(作为你身体最大的部分，你的皮肤可能受你糟糕的食物选择的影响最大。)”可知，这里主要讲糟糕的食物对你皮肤影响较大，D项“But a healthy diet will make you look younger than you really are.(但健康的饮食会让你看起来比实际年龄年轻。)”符合语境，其中 a healthy diet与上文your poor food choices形成对比，有承上作用，且与本段标题中心词“look younger”相呼应。故选D项。 2、 完形填空（23-24高一上海期中考试） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In recent years breakfast cereals (谷物) seem to have lost their appeal. Many contain things that 1 consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain. Add to this a rising 2 for big brands and adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales. The market for “ready-to-eat” cereals shrank by 9% in America between 2012 and 2015, according to Euromonitor, a data firm. In Britain, the second-biggest cereal market, sales fell by 6%. Now, the manufacturers are boasting a(n) 3 . On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. But it will take hard work to make breakfast’s business 4 again. Cereal firms have tried many ways to cope with customer’s 5 appetites. They have 6 . Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes. Some firms have 7 trendier brands, with mixed results. After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000, many of its loyal customers 8 . Kellogg is now trying to win them back, returning Kashi’s headquarters to California. A new Kashi cereal features popped sorghum （高粱）, crispy yellow peas and smashed red beans. Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to 9 all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023. Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline — it is too 10 for them. Jim Holbrook, who led Post’s cereal business and is now boss of Daymon Worldwide, a retail consultant, says grocers might 11 sales by placing milk or bananas alongside cereal. For now, cereal-makers can take 12 that at least some brands are still popular. Sales of Kellogg’s Froot Loops and General Mills’ Cinnamon Toast Crunch have 13 in recent years, points out Alexia Howard of Sanford C． Bernstein, a research firm, even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing. 14 shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans. But cereal’s most 15 customers are those who don’t mind heaps of sugar, or “red #40” food colouring, in their breakfast bowls. 1．A．anxious B．regular C．satisfied D．potential 2．A．demand B．standard C．reputation D．disrespect 3．A．continuity B．distinction C．turnaround D．equivalent 4．A．compete B．succeed C．protest D．refuse 5．A．shrinking B．promoted C．inexhaustible D．intellectual 6．A．declined B．regretted C．diversified D．patented 7．A．changed B．embarrassed C．acquired D．replaced 8．A．doubted B．fled C．ignored D．wandered 9．A．conceal B．receive C．remove D．expect 10．A．distant B．traditional C．mysterious D．profitable 11．A．boost B．review C．reject D．describe 12．A．responsibility B．comfort C．charge D．action 13．A．failed B．risen C．paused D．mattered 14．A．Warm-hearted B．Fun-loving C．Would-be D．Health-conscious 15．A．reliable B．wealthy C．famous D．intelligent 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了早餐谷物市场的现状和挑战，以及各大谷物制造商为应对销售下滑所采取的措施。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从碳水化合物和麸质到人工香料和转基因谷物，许多食品都含有担忧的消费者不愿食用的东西。A. anxious 担忧的；B. regular 定期的；C. satisfied 满意的；D. potential 潜在的。根据本句中的“consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain”可知，消费者避免碳水化合物、麸质、人工香料和转基因粮食等说明他们对这些东西感到担忧。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再加上对大品牌的不尊重和对“正宗”小品牌的崇拜，大型谷物制造商的销售额一直在下降。A. demand 需求；B. standard 标准；C. reputation 声誉；D. disrespect 不尊重，轻蔑。根据本句中的“...adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales”可知，对“正宗”小品牌的崇拜导致了大型谷物制造商的销售额一直在下降，说明了消费者对大品牌表示出了轻蔑。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，制造商们正在吹嘘自己的业绩出现了好转。A. continuity 连续性；B. distinction 区别；C. turnaround 好转；D. equivalent 相等物。根据下文的“On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. ”可知，General Mills和Kellogg的业绩在逐渐变好。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但要让早餐的生意再次成功，还需要付出艰苦的努力。A. compete 竞争；B. succeed 成功；C. protest 抗议；D. refuse 拒绝。根据上文的“On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. ”可知，General Mills和Kellogg的业绩在逐渐变好，再由but表示转折可知，早餐的生意想要再次获得成功，还需要付出艰苦的努力。故选B项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谷物公司已经尝试了许多方法来应对消费者不断萎缩的胃口。A. shrinking 萎缩的；B. promoted 提升的；C. inexhaustible 用之不竭的；D. intellectual 智力的。根据下文的“Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes.”可知，谷物制造商们不仅仅专注于谷物产品，还扩展到其他领域，比如卖鸡蛋和蛋白质奶昔，说明了谷物市场的现状：市场需求在减少，人们的胃口在萎缩。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经采取多样化的措施了。A. declined 下降；B. regretted 后悔；C. diversified 变得多样化；D. patented 获得专利。根据下文的“Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes.”可知，谷物制造商们不仅仅专注于谷物产品，还扩展到其他领域，比如卖鸡蛋和蛋白质奶昔，这是市场需求的减少促使谷物制造商采用了多样化的策略以应对挑战。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些公司收购了更时尚的品牌，结果喜忧参半。A. changed 改变；B. embarrassed 使尴尬；C. acquired 获得，收购；D. replaced 替代。根据下文的“After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000”可知，有的谷物公司采取了一种应对策略：通过收购其他公司来扩大业务范围和产品线。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2000年Kellogg收购Kashi之后，许多忠实的顾客都逃走了。A. doubted 怀疑；B. fled 逃避，离开；C. ignored 忽视；D. wandered 漫步。根据下文的“Kellogg is now trying to win them back”可知，Kellogg现在正试图把他们赢回来，这说明很多顾客离开了Kellogg。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：General Mills计划在2023年之前从其谷物中去除所有人工香料和色素。A. conceal 隐藏；B. receive 收到；C. remove 移除；D. expect 期待。根据上文的“Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal.”可知，Kellogg在其Special K Red Berries谷物中添加更多水果是为了满足消费者对更健康食品的需求，因此像Kellogg一样，General Mills计划通过去除人工香料和色素来增强其产品的吸引力和健康形象，以帮助维持主要品牌的竞争力。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：零售商不希望谷类食品进入衰退期——这对他们来说太有利可图了。A. distant 遥远的；B. traditional 传统的；C. mysterious 神秘的；D. profitable 有利可图的。根据上文的“Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to...all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023.”可知，Kellogg和 GeneralMills通过增加产品的水果含量和移除人工色素和香料来改善他们的产品，这些措施都是为了吸引消费者并维持或增加销售量，因为这些产品对他们而言非常有利可图。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jim Holbrook曾领导邮报的谷物业务，现在是零售咨询公司Daymon Worldwide的老板。他说，杂货店可能会通过在谷物旁边放牛奶或香蕉来促进销售。A. boost 提高；B. review 回顾；C. reject 拒绝；D. describe 描述。根据上文的“Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline —it is too...for them.”可知，零售商不希望谷类食品进入衰退期，这对他们来说太有利可图了，因此Jim Holbrook建议零售商采取措施来促进谷物的销售，从而增加利润。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，谷物制造商可以感到宽慰的是，至少有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎。A. responsibility 责任；B. comfort 宽慰；C. charge 负责；D. action 行动。根据本句中的“at least some brands are still popular”可知，谷物制造商应该为有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎而感到宽慰。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，Kellogg的果脆圈和通用磨坊的肉桂脆面包的销量有所上升，而纤维一号、全麸和Special K等更有价值的品牌却在走下坡路。A. failed 失败；B. risen 上升；C. paused 暂停；D. mattered 重要。根据上文的“For now, cereal-makers can take...that at least some brands are still popular.”和由本句中的“even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing”可知，目前，有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎，举例子说明Kellogg的果脆圈和General Mills的肉桂脆面包的销量有所上升。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：注重健康的消费者可能会、也可能不会因为含有打碎的红豆而恢复吃麦片的习惯。A. Warm-hearted 热心的；B. Fun-loving 爱好乐趣的；C. Would-be 未来的，潜在的；D. Health-conscious 注重健康的。根据第一段的“Many contain things that...consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain.”可知，消费者越来越重视健康，因此注重健康的消费者可能会、也可能不会因为谷物中加入了某些健康成分就重新购买谷物食品。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但谷物最可靠的顾客是那些不介意在早餐碗里放一堆糖或“红#40”食用色素的人。A. reliable 可靠的；B. wealthy 富有的；C. famous 著名的；D. intelligent 聪明的。根据上文的“...shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans ”可知，注重健康的消费者可能会也可能不会因为含有打碎的红豆而恢复吃麦片的习惯，由此可推知，谷物最可靠的顾客是那些不介意在早餐碗里放一堆糖或“红#40”食用色素的人。故选A项。 三、语法填空（24-25高一山东阶段练习） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Much of the information we have about early Chinese tea culture comes from The Classic of Tea, also known as Cha Ching, 1 (write) by Lu Yu, who was born in 733 AD in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, drinking tea was 2 nationwide tradition. Though at first tea drinking appeared in Southern China, during the mid-Tang Dynasty it started to gain 3 (popular) with Northern Chinese. When Lu Yu was young, he developed a great interest in tea. As he 4 (grow) up, he stayed in Huomen mountain, studying under the guidance of master Zou Fuzi. During this period, Lu Yu often went to the countryside 5 (gather) tea leaves. In one of those trips Lu Yu found the water from a spring was extremely clear and clean. When Lu Yu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted unexpectedly better 6 usual. From then on, Lu Yu realised the importance of quality water in 7 (make) tea. In Lu Yu’s later years, he concentrated 8 the research into tea and completed his masterpiece The Classic of Tea. The book contains three parts. The first part has three chapters (章), discussing tea and its production. The second one has one chapter, listing utensils (器皿) for production. And there are six chapters in the last part, 9 covers subjects from tea appreciation to old records. Perhaps of most historical value is the 10 (seven) chapter, recording incidents concerning tea over thousands of years, from legendary times to the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】 1．written 2．a 3．popularity 4．grew 5．to gather 6．than 7．making 8．on 9．which 10．seventh 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了唐代陆羽及其著作《茶经》对中国茶文化的贡献。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们拥有的关于早期中国茶文化的许多信息来自《茶经》（《The Classic of Tea》），是由出生于公元733年的唐朝的陆羽所写。本句谓语为comes，此处为非谓语动词，且The Classic of Tea与write“写”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填written。 2．考查冠词。句意：当时，喝茶是一个全国性的传统。此处泛指“一个全国性的传统”，且nationwide以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然茶最初出现在中国南方，但在唐代中期，它开始在北方的中国人中流行起来。本空用名词popularity“流行，受欢迎”，不可数名词，作gain的宾语，。故填popularity。 4．考查动词时态。句意：随着年龄的增长，他留在火门山，在邹夫子的指导下学习。grow up“长大”。本句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以时态用一般过去时，As引导的时间状语从句谓语用动词grow的过去式grew。故填grew。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，陆羽经常去乡下采集茶叶。本句谓语为went，此处为非谓语动词，本空用gather“采集”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to gather。 6．考查固定句型。句意：当他用泉水泡茶时，发现茶的味道比平时出乎意料地更好。有空前的better可知，本空用介词than“比”，表示两种情况的对比。故填than。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，陆羽意识到水质在泡茶中的重要性。本句谓语为realised，此处为非谓语动词，本空用make“制作”的动名词，作介词in的宾语。故填making。 8．考查介词。句意：在陆羽晚年，他专注于茶的研究，完成了他的杰作《茶经》。本空用on，构成短语concentrated on“专注于”。故填on。 9．考查定语从句。句意：最后一章共六章，内容从赏茶到旧时记录。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the last part，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 10．考查序数词。句意：也许最具历史价值的是第七章，记录了从传说时代到唐朝几千年来有关茶的事件。本空用序数词seventh“第七”，表示顺序。故填seventh。 试卷第2页，共22页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$